小鼠宫颈癌正丁醇提取物的免疫生物学特征

应用正丁醇提取方法，获得了小鼠宫颈癌U14细胞正丁醇提取物(CBE)。对其某些免疫生物学特征进行初步研究。观察CBE免疫小鼠后．小鼠淋巴器官(引流和非引流淋巴结、脾脏、胸腺)的免疫功能形态变化，采用间接ELISA试验测定免疫小鼠血清中抗CBE抗体的动态变化；采用主动免疫试验，观察CBE对荷瘤宿主的免疫保护效能。从而探讨动物机体对CBE诱导的细胞和体液免疫反应规律。     

盐藻提取物对荷瘤小鼠的抑肿瘤作用

 盐藻提取物（EDS）是海洋甲藻类中提取的一种脂溶性混合物，含有大量胡萝卜素（以卜胡萝卜素为主），还有维生素E及多种不饱和脂肪酸。本实验用荷瘤小鼠（S37）灌胃EDS一个月后，观察对小鼠死亡率及肿瘤抑制率的影响。共做两批，结果相似。高剂量组肿瘤抑制率为10．97%，11．7%，低剂量组为12．53%，18．5%，均比阳性对照药β-胡萝卜素高，但不及阳性对服药环磷酰胺。灌生理盐水组小鼠死亡率为10%，灌EDS组则无死亡。     

柞蚕雄蛾提取液对放疗后大鼠脾细胞中Th1/Th2类细胞因子的影响

目的：探讨柞蚕雄蛾提取液对放疗后大鼠脾细胞表达Th1类细胞因子IL-2、IFN-g和Th2类细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的影响,分析其作用机制。方法：将30只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、单纯放疗组和药物治疗组,于放疗后第14天观察各组大鼠的胸腺和脾脏指数变化,用免疫组化法检测大鼠细胞表达IL-2、IFN-g和L-4、IL-10水平的变化。结果：单纯放疗组与对照组大鼠相比,其胸腺和脾脏指数明显下降,脾细胞表达IL-4和IL-10的水平增加,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05。但IL-2和IFN-g的表达无明显变化,P〉0.05。药物治疗组与单纯放疗组相比大鼠的胸腺、脾脏指数明显增加,脾细胞表达IL-2和INF-g的水平增加,IL-4和IL-10的水平下降,P〈0.05。结论：柞蚕雄蛾提取液可以有效降低放疗引起的免疫抑制,该作用可能与其诱导Th1类细胞因子的表达以及促进Th2样细胞因子向Th1类细胞因子漂移有关。     

小鼠脾脏自然杀伤性树突细胞纯化方法的比较

目的比较流式细胞分选技术(FACS)及免疫磁珠分选技术(MACS)对小鼠脾脏自然杀伤性树突细胞NKDC分选纯化的效率,为自然杀伤性树突细胞的深入研究创造基本条件。方法 制备小鼠脾脏单细胞悬液,细胞悬液经70μm细胞滤膜过滤,离心滤液,用红细胞裂解液裂解沉淀中的红细胞,用缓冲液洗涤两次后通过FACS和MACS分选方法各自分选其脾脏表型为NK1.1+CD11c+的自然杀伤性树突细胞NKDC。结果 分选之前小鼠脾脏NK1.1+CD11c+自然杀伤性树突细胞占3.3%。单细胞悬液经FACS分选的NKDC纯度为(90.2±2.0)%,回收率为(91.3±1.8)%,细胞活力(82.5±1.2)%;经MACS分选纯度为(70.5±3.0)%,回收率为(80.5±1.7)%,细胞活力为(60.2±0.8)%。两种方法分选NKDC细胞纯度差异有统计学意义(P=0.03),回收率差异也有统计学意义(P=0.02)。结论 FACS较MACS可更高效、快捷、简便地纯化小鼠脾脏自然杀伤性树突细胞。     

OK-432对荷瘤小鼠脾细胞IL-12及Th1细胞因子分泌的诱导作用

目的：探讨溶血链球菌冻干制剂OK－432的抗肿瘤机理。方法：B16黑色素瘤细胞接种于C57BL／6小鼠皮下,3d后腹腔注射1KU的OK－432,每周1次,连续3周。观察肿瘤生长体积及荷瘤小鼠的生存期,并测定了OK－432在体内、体外对荷瘤脾细胞IL－2、IL－4,IL－6,IL－10,IL－12,IFN-γ分泌的结果。结果：OK－432能显著抑制B16黑色素瘤的生长,延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期（P＜0．05）;在体外OK－432可刺激荷瘤小鼠脾细胞IL－6,IL－10,IL－12,IFN-γ的分泌（P＜0．01）;腹腔注射OK－432后荷瘤小鼠脾细胞IL－2,IL－12,IFN-γ的分泌显著增加,而IL－10显著减少（P＜0．05）。提示OK－432治疗后荷瘤小鼠脾细胞Th1增加,Th2相对减少。结论：OK－432在体内可通过诱导荷瘤小鼠脾细胞IL－12的分泌,促进Th0向Th1分化,使宿主的免疫功能处于Th1优势状态,从而增强宿主的抗肿瘤作用。     

沿淮河某市自来水有机提取物对小鼠的诱变性研究

目的:探讨某市自来水有机提取物对小鼠的诱变性.方法:采集淮河水源水、自来水厂滤池出水、氯化消毒自来水及大型贮水箱水各200 L.经吸附,提取有机物后予小鼠灌胃染毒,检测胸骨骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率和精子畸形率,并作U检验.结果:淮河水源水及氯化消毒的自来水均有一定的致突变性.毒性大小依次为氯化消毒的自来水>贮水箱水>水源水>滤池出水.结论:淮河水源水已受到有机诱变物的污染,混凝沉淀具有去除有机物、降低源水诱变性作用,而氯化消毒使水质的诱变性增高.     

大气飘尘提取物对雄小鼠生殖细胞的致突变作用

在某电厂下风侧居民区内收集大气飘尘，用二氯甲烷40℃提取24h，然后减压浓缩至于，用橄榄油溶解成为大气飘尘的有机提取物，然后给雄小鼠腹腔注射，进行精子畸形试逡，E1代小鼠精子畸形试验和睾丸染色体畸变试验，①精子畸形试验：小鼠腹注提取物1，5，10，20和40mg／kg，连续5d，30d杀鼠，常规制片观察，另设阴性(橄榄油)和阳性(CP 30mg／kg)对照，     

盐藻提取物对小鼠肿瘤免疫功能的影响

 本实验研究观察了盐藻提取物（EDS）对小鼠抗肿瘤免疫的影响。结果显示，高和中剂量的EDS能显著地（P＜0．05）提高正常和荷瘤小鼠的脾细胞对ConA反应的增殖活性及腹腔巨噬细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子活性。此外，EDS还能减少Lewis肺癌肺转移灶数。这些发现提示，口服EDS的抗肿瘤作用可能是通过增强机体抗肿瘤免疫而实现的。     

山楂叶水提取物对大鼠致畸实验研究

山楂叶水提取物对大鼠致畸实验研究宋宏良，刘爱恒（天津市医药科学研究所天津３０００７０）一些资料证明，山楂叶的主要活性成分─－总黄酮是果实的５─１０倍，在“回归大自然”的呼声中利用山植叶制成饮料是由天然物提取制得，也能迎合人们追求营养、追求保健的心理及...     

小牛脾提取物注射液治疗肿瘤相关性红细胞减少的临床观察

目的研究小牛脾提取物注射液对肿瘤相关性贫血的疗效。方法将肿瘤合并贫血患者随机分为两组,每组20例,治疗组接受重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）联合小牛脾提取物注射液治疗,对照组接受rhEPO治疗,观察Hb、RBC、WBC及临床症状、体征变化。结果在不输血的情况下,应用小牛脾提取物注射液联合rhEPO治疗组与单纯使用rhEPO组对照组比较,Hh、WBC、PLT水平及生活质量均呈不同程度上升。结论小牛脾提取物注射液对肿瘤相关性红细胞减少具有明显治疗作用。     

香加皮水提物对小鼠淋巴细胞免疫调节作用的初步研究

目的：研究中药香加皮水提取物（cortex periplocae extract,CPE）对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。方法：无菌分离小鼠淋巴细胞,与不同浓度CPE（250、125、64、32、16、8μg/ml）共同培养一定时间后,采用MTT法测定其对刀豆素A（ConA）诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化能力的影响,采用LDH酶释放法测定对NK细胞杀伤活性的影响;采用对肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）敏感的L929细胞,使用生物法测定CPE对单核细胞产生TNF-α的影响。各实验均设对照组。结果：CPE在8-64μg/ml的浓度范围内可不同程度的提高小鼠体外淋巴细胞转化率和NK细胞杀伤活性,以及促进单核细胞分泌TNF-α,与对照组比较差异均具有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论：一定剂量的CPE可以提高小鼠淋巴细胞的免疫功能,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

健脾为主中药对人胃癌移植瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长与转移及红细胞免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的：观察健脾为主中药（胃肠安）对人胃癌移植瘤裸小鼠肿瘤生长、转移和红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：采用人胃癌细胞SGC-7901裸小鼠脾包膜下移植,实验动物32只,随机分为3组。中药组10只,予胃肠安煎剂灌胃,1次／d;西药组10只,予5-FU腹腔注射,1次／周;对照组12只,予生理盐水灌胃,共治疗12周。观察肿瘤形态学改变并应用郭峰法测定红细胞C3b受体花环率（RCR）和免疫复合物花环率（RICR）。结果：中药组、西药组的瘤质量、瘤块体积和肿瘤转移与对照组差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;中药组RCR,RICR均显著高于其他两组,P〈0．05,与接种前差异无统计学意叉,P〉0．05。经多元回归分析,瘤质量、瘤块体积与肿瘤转移数量与红细胞免疫关系有显著关系。结论：健脾中药能显著调节红细胞免疫功能,其抑瘤作用与增强C3b受体活性,减少体内免疫复合物堆积,改变红细胞免疫功能紊乱有关。     

Experimental study on merits and demerits of splenectomy in tumor bearers

Immunologic merits and demerits of splenectomy were studied using a rat's experimental tumor. When splenectomy was done on day - 14, 2, or 14 of tumor inoculation, subsequent tumor growth was inhibited, but when it was done on day 7, tumor enhancement was observed. On day 2, cpm values of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis of splenocytes was lower than in normal rats, on day 7 they significantly increased as compared with day 2, and on day 14 they significantly decreased as compared with day 7. Stimulation index (SI) ratio of PHA-induced blastogenesis and natural cell-mediated killing (NK) activity were also investigated using splenocytes, thymocytes, and peripheral lymphocytes. The results indicated that immunological competency of splenocytes of tumor bearers was reduced in the early, late, and final tumor-bearing periods, while it was increased in the middle tumor-bearing period. Tumor growth following splenectomy was considered to be controlled by these changes in immunological competency of splenocytes.     

BCG effects on telomerase activity in bladder cancer cell lines

Background. Although intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is very effective in the treatment of and prophylaxis against superficial bladder cancer, its exact mechanism of action is not clear. In this study, the effect of BCG on telomerase activity was examined in the T24 and J82 bladder cancer cell lines, the ACHN human renal cell carcinoma cell line, and the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line. Methods. T24 and J82 cells were cocultured with BCG for 5 days. Telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat amplification protocol. Cell-cycle phase was determined by FACS analysis. Results. Telomerase activity in all cell lines provided high absorbance. Telomerase activity in BCG-treated T24 and J82 cells was significantly decreased when compared with that in the nontreated cells. On the other hand, telomerase activity did not change in ACHN and PC-3 cells after they had been cocultured with BCG. In BCG-treated T24 cells and J82 cells, apoptotic cells were markedly increased compared with those in the nontreated cells. Conclusion. These results suggest that the reduction of telomerase activity is related to the mechanism of BCG effects. Possible mechanisms to be considered are either that BCG inhibits telomerase first, or that it induces apoptosis and decreases telomerase activity as a result of this induction. Received: May 25, 2001 / Accepted: February 21, 2002     

Effect of perorally administered BCG on recurrent breast cancer

Twenty-eight patients with recurrent breast carcinoma were examined. Of them, 19 were evaluable for an oral route of BCG administration. Seven (37%) have had partial response (6 bone; 1 supraclavicular lymphonodus), 8 (42%) have shown no change, and 4 (21%) have shown failure. No remarkable side effects were observed by this administration. With regard to immunoresponse by oral administration of BCG, all tendencies such as increase of skin reactions, T-cells percent, PHA response of lymphocytes, and decrease of IgG FcR + T-cells useful for estimating a good prognosis. These data suggest that peroral route of BCG may produce some beneficial effects for bone metastatic lesions of recurrent breast cancer.     

绿茶水提取物诱导体外培养的大肠癌LOVO细胞的凋亡

探讨绿茶水提取物对体外培养的大肠癌ＬＯＶＯ细胞的抑制和诱导细胞发生凋亡的作用。方法：用ＭＴＴ法，琼脂糖凝胶电泳，秀射电镜和流式细胞仪的方法，观察绿茶水提取物处理ＬＯＶＯ细胞后其生化和形态学等指标的改变。结果；ＭＴＴ法证实绿茶水提取物对ＬＯＶＯ细胞有抑制作用，抑制率与绿茶水提取物的浓度呈正相关；透射电镜可见ＬＯＶＯ细胞在形态学上出现典型的细胞核固缩，碎裂等凋亡细胞的形态学改变。