肝脏虚拟手术系统在肝右叶肿瘤手术中的临床应用

目的将新研发的肝脏虚拟手术系统(Li Virtue)应用于临床,制订合理的手术方案,降低手术风险,完成精准手术。方法应用Li Virtue系统对32例肝右叶肿瘤患者进行个体化分析,实现对肝脏精确测量、分割,测定各静脉的回流区域;直观显示肝内脉管的分布及变异情况;模拟肝切除的多种手术方式等,选择合理手术方案,并与术中实际情况进行对比。结果肝脏虚拟手术系统可对肝脏体积、区域分割、脉管吻合等情况进行快速准确的个性化分析;可模拟肝脏外科多种手术方式,有助于确定合理手术方案;与32例右肝肿瘤行肝切除术的术中对比,显示该系统虚拟性好,术前模拟结果准确,术中未损伤正常结构,降低了术中风险;所建立的模型也可在便携PC机上展示,方便于术中对照。结论Li Virtue系统有助于揭示个体肝脏的解剖特点,确定合理的手术方式,降低了手术风险,保证了手术安全。     

腹腔镜肝左外叶切除治疗原发性肝癌23例

目的探讨腹腔镜肝左外叶切除的可行性。方法2002年1月~2007年6月,对23例原发性肝癌行腹腔镜肝左外叶切除手术,应用腹腔镜下肝门阻断器阻断第一肝门的血流,电刀、超声刀等断肝,肝断面腔镜下用肝针缝合,并喷洒生物蛋白胶。结果23例手术均获得成功,手术时间(131.7±33.9)min,术中出血(297.9±124.0)ml。术后恢复顺利,无并发症,术后住院时间(5.5±1.3)d。随访20例,随访率87%(20/23),均存活。随访时间2~12个月9例,无复发;13~24个月11例,复发3例。结论腹腔镜肝左外叶切除安全、可行,具有微创的优点,可作为治疗肝癌局限于左外叶的首选治疗方法。     

肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石139例临床分析

目的 研究肝叶切除在治疗肝内胆管结石中的作用与疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2010年8月安徽省立医院收治的139名行肝叶切除术的肝内胆管结石患者资料,观察手术治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效.结果 本组患者行肝脏部分切除术97例(69.8％),肝脏部分切除+胆总管探查34例(24.5％),肝脏部分切除+胆肠内引流术5例(3.6％),保守治疗3例(2.2％),全组并发症13例(9.4％),其中腹腔感染5例(3.6％),胆瘘3例(2.2％),切口感染2例(1.4％),肺部感染3例(2.2％),术后5年结石复发14例(10.1％).结论 合理的肝叶、肝段切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石安全有效的方法,术中纤维胆道镜探查可降低残石率.对于弥漫性肝内胆管结石,肝叶或肝段切除结合内引流术是治疗的有效手段.     

Resection of Hepatic Colorectal Metastases Involving the Caudate Lobe: Perioperative Outcome and Survival

Purpose: To examine clinical features and outcome of patients who underwent hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases (LM) involving the caudate lobe. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resection for LM from May 1990 to September 2004 were analyzed from a multicenter database. Demographics, operative data, pathologic margin status, recurrence, and survival were analyzed. Results: Of 580 patients, 40 (7%) had LM involving the caudate. Six had isolated caudate LM and 34 had LM involving the caudate plus one or more other hepatic segments. Patients with caudate LM were more likely to have synchronous primary colorectal cancer (63% vs. 36%; P = 0.01), multiple LM (70% vs. 51%; P = 0.02) and required extended hepatic resection more often than patients with non-caudate LM (60% vs. 18%; P < 0.001). Only four patients with caudate LM underwent a vascular resection; three at first operation, one after recurrence of a resected caudate tumor. All had primary repair (vena cava, n = 3; portal vein, n = 1). Perioperative complications (43% vs. 28%) and 60-day operative mortality (0% vs. 1%) were similar (caudate vs. non-caudate LM, both P > 0.05). Pathological margins were positive in 15 (38%) patients with caudate LM and in 43 (8%) with non-caudate LM (P < 0.001). At a median follow-up of 40 months, 25 (64%) patients with caudate LM recurred compared with 219 (40%) patients with non-caudate LM (P = 0.01). Patients with caudate LM were more likely to have intrahepatic disease as a component of recurrence (caudate: 51% vs. non-caudate: 25%; P = 0.001). No patient recurred on the vena cava or portal vein. Patients with caudate LM had shorter 5-year disease-free and overall survival than patients with non-caudate LM (disease-free: 24% vs. 44%; P = 0.02; overall: 41% vs. 58%; P = 0.02). Conclusions: Patients who undergo hepatic resection for caudate LM often present with multiple hepatic tumors and tumors in proximity to the major hepatic veins. Extended hepatectomy is required in the majority, although vascular resection is not frequently necessary; when performed, primary repair is usually possible. Despite resection in this population of patients with multiple and bilateral tumors, and despite close-margin and positive-margin resection in a significant proportion, recurrence on the portal vein or vena cava was not observed, and long-term survival is accomplished (41% 5-year overall survival). These data were presented at the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association 2006 Annual Meeting, Miami, Florida, March 12, 2006.     

Successful Treatment of Recurrent Liver Metastases from Gastric Cancer by Repeated Hepatic Resections: Report of a Case

We describe herein the case of a patient in whom recurrent liver metastases from gastric cancer were successfully treated by performing repeated hepatic resections. A 63-year-old man underwent a total gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection for an advanced gastric cancer on November 17, 1992, the pathological findings of which confirmed a diagnosis of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, ss, INFα, ly1, v0, n1(+). Follow-up computer tomography (CT) and ultrasonography scans done 7 months after the gastrectomy revealed a metastasis in the liver S5, and a partial resection of S5 was performed on July 5, 1993. Subsequently, on November 17, 1994, an anterior segmentectomy of the liver was performed for a liver metastasis in the liver S8, then on August 11, 1998, a partial resection of the liver S6 was performed for a metastasis in the liver S6. The pathological findings of each liver specimen resected were compatible with metastatic adenocarcinoma from the primary gastric cancer. The liver tumors were expansive-growing tumors with capsules and massive necrosis. The patient is currently well with no evidence of recurrence on repeat CT scans, 6 years 6 months since-the initial gastrectomy, and 5 years 10 months since the first hepatic resection. Received: August 17, 1999 / Accepted: July 25, 2000     

肝三叶切除术11例报告

目的 评价肝三叶切除治疗肝巨大肿瘤的手术技术和经验。 方法 本组肝三叶切除术１１例术前肝功能均为Ｃｈｉｌｄ Ａ级，无肝硬化。瘤体最大横径为１２￣３５ｃｍ，行右三叶切除７例，左三叶切除４例。术中施行全肝血流阻断６例，阻断时间为６￣２２分钟，其中在全肝血流阻断下成功修复损伤的下腔静脉和主肝静脉各２例。 结果 术中输血４００￣１６００ｍｌ，无手术死亡。术后并发症：胆瘘和右侧胸腔积液各２例。切除肿瘤湿重量     

Laparoscopic Liver Surgery for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Laparoscopic hepatectomy is feasible for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) today. This is a retrospective study of the patients with HCC treated by liver resection with a totally laparoscopic approach. Methods This study recruited 116 patients (92 male, 24 female) that underwent laparoscopic liver resection (LR) for HCC. Patients were divided into two groups: group I: (n = 97, 78 male,19 female) those with a volume of resection less than two segments; group II: (n = 19, 14 male, 5 female) those with a volume of resection of more than two segments. The distribution of the tumor-node–metastasis (TNM) stage of patients in the two groups was not significantly different. Results Patients resumed full diet on the second or third day after the operation, and the average length of hospital stay was 6 days. The operation time was 152.4 ± 336.3 min and 175.8 ± 57.4 min, while blood loss was 101.6 ± 324.4 mL and 329.2 ± 338.0 ml, for groups I and II, respectively. Five patients (5.2%) in group I and three patients (15.8%) in group II required blood transfusion (p = 0.122). The mortality rate was zero among our patients and complication rates were 6.2% and 5.2% for groups I and II, respectively. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 85.4%, 66.4%, and 59.4% for group I, and 94.7%, 74.2%, and 61.7% for group II, respectively, with no significant difference between two groups (p = 0.1237). Conclusion Laparoscopic liver resection is a procedure of significant risk and is more technically demanding in comparison with traditional open method. There was no significant difference in survival rates, based on the volume of resection. Laparoscopic surgery should be performed in selected patients as the postoperative quality of life of patients is better than that with open resection.     

直线型切割吻合器在右半结肠切除术中22例的应用体会

目的探讨直线型切割吻合器在右半结肠切除术中的应用。方法结肠癌患者行右半结肠切除术时应用直线型切割缝合器(安得55)行侧侧吻合术为治疗组;应用常规回肠-结肠端端吻合术为对照组。统计两组间患者手术时间、术中出血量、吻合口瘘、肠梗阻及吻合口狭窄例数、肠功能恢复时间、术后12d内排便次数的差异。应用Ficher's精确概率检验及t检验比较两组数据。结果治疗组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后12d内排便次数较对照组明显减少(P0.05);而术后吻合口瘘、肠梗阻、吻合口狭窄、肠功能恢复时间治疗组虽有减少但两组无显著性差别(P0.05)。结论右半结肠切除中应用直线型切割缝合器行侧侧吻合术有较好的应用价值。     

肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤八例报告

目的：探讨肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（AML）的临床表现、诊断、治疗和预后。方法：对1989-2000年间我院手术和病理学检查证实的8例肝AML临床资料进行回顾性分析研究。结果：男3例，女5例。发病年龄25-59岁（平均39.6岁）。肝左叶3例，右叶5例。8例均行超声和CT检查。2例行MRI检查。2例行肝动脉造影。免疫组织化学染色：肿瘤平滑肌样细胞表达HMB-45阳性。8例均手术切除。除1例死于术后心功能衰竭，其余7例随访9个月至12年，未见肿瘤复发。结论：综合影像学检查有助于该肿瘤特征的显示和术前正确诊断。肿瘤平滑肌样细胞表达HMB45阳性，是诊断肝AML的可靠依据。手术切除是肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的有效治疗手段。     

高龄原发性肝癌病人的手术治疗

我院自１９８２年２月－１９９４年１１月手术治疗７０岁以上高龄原发性肝癌患者共３０例，其中剖腹探醒２例，肝切除２８例，手术切除率９３．３％。本组无手术死亡，术后并发症发生率为２０％，均经及时处理痊愈出院。     

Surgical Management and Outcomes of Patients with Multifocal Hepatoblastoma

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of patients with multifocal hepatoblastoma (HB) treated at our institution with either orthotopic liver transplant (OLTx) or hepatic resection to determine outcomes and risk factors for recurrence.BackgroundMultifocality in HB has been shown to be a significant prognostic factor for recurrence and worse outcome. The surgical management of this type of disease is complex and primarily involves OLTx to avoid leaving behind microscopic foci of disease in the remnant liver.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review on all patients <18 years of age with multifocal HB treated at our institution between 2000 and 2021. Patient demographics, operative procedure, post-operative course, pathological data, laboratory values, short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed.ResultsA total of 41 patients were identified as having complete radiologic and pathologic inclusion criteria. Twenty-three (56.1%) underwent OLTx and 18 (43.9%) underwent partial hepatectomy. Median length of follow-up across all patients was 3.1 years (IQR 1.1–6.6 years). Cohorts were similar in rates of PRETEXT designation status identified on standardized imaging re-review (p = .22). Three-year overall survival (OS) estimate was 76.8% (95% CI: 60.0%–87.3%). There was no difference in rates of recurrence or overall survival in patients who underwent either resection or OLTx (p = .54 and p = .92 respectively). Older patients (>72 months), patients with a positive porta hepatis margin, and patients with associated tumor thrombus experienced worse recurrence rates and survival. Histopathology demonstrating pleomorphic features independently associated with worse rates of recurrence.ConclusionsThrough proper patient selection, multifocal HB was adequately treated with either partial hepatectomy or OLTx with comparable outcome results. HB with pleomorphic features, increased patient age at diagnosis, involved porta hepatis margin on pathology, and the presence of associated tumor thrombus may be associated with worse outcomes regardless of the local control surgery offered.Level of EvidenceIII.     

自制尿道缝合器在临床上的应用(附25例报告)

目的探讨自制尿道缝合器修补尿道狭窄的效果。方法２５例后尿道狭窄或闭锁患者应用自制尿道缝合器行经会阴尿道端端吻合术。结果手术一次成功，并可缩短尿道吻合时间及避免相邻脏器的损伤，均恢复正常排尿。结论该缝合器是尿道端端吻合的最佳器械     

Simultaneous Laparoscopic Anterior Resection and Left Hepatic Lobectomy for Stage IV Rectal Cancer

We report the case of a 68-year-old female patient affected by rectal cancer and a synchronous metastatic lesion measuring 8cm in diameter in the left hepatic lobe. After a laparoscopic ultrasonography exploration of the liver to detect possible occult metastases, a simultaneous colorectal resection and a left hepatic lobectomy including a partial resection of segment IV were performed. Five ports were used for the entire procedure. The resected specimens were extracted through a Pfannenstiel incision. The procedure was completed laparoscopically. Total operative time was 455 minutes with negligible intraoperative blood loss. The postoperative hospital stay was 12 days. At 4-month follow-up, the patient recovered completely. A computed tomography scan performed at this time showed no signs of recurrent disease. This report confirms the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach to simultaneous hepatic and colorectal resections in stage IV rectal cancer. The known advantages of the mini-invasive approach could make such complex procedures more endurable.     

经裸区肝脏悬吊法行右肝巨大肿瘤切除术

Belghiti等于2001年首次提出肝脏悬吊法经前入路行右半肝切除术,但由于其在肝后下腔静脉前方盲目建立隧道过程中,易撕裂肝短静脉和肝实质引起出血,难以推广。此后陈孝平等建立一种新的肝脏悬吊技术,即沿腔静脉右侧肝后间隙经肝裸区做隧道置悬吊技术。该方法简单、安全,能充分显露深部肝断面,便于止血,尤其是可有效控制来自肝静脉分支的出血。本文介绍我们应用经裸区肝脏悬吊法行右肝巨大肿瘤右半肝切除的经验,并就其相关的解剖学要点,操作要领以及术中应注意的问题进行讨论。     

GF吻合器的改进及其在胆肠吻合术中的应用

介绍自行改进的ＧＦ吻合器行两种胆肠吻合术的手术方法，报告了对６８例接受手术病人的随访结果；特别是经６～１０年随访的４８例，吻合口均通畅，无１例变形，狭窄，疗效属优良者占９７．９％，应用吻合器行胆肠吻合术，可提高吻合质量，显著降低术后胆道感染率，值得推广。     

Results of Sleeve Lobectomy for Bronchogenic Carcinoma in 101 Patients

Sleeve lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma is an alternative to pneumonectomy. The extent and location of the tumor must be such that a sleeve procedure is feasible. The conservation of lung tissue benefits both compromised and uncompromised patients.From 1961 to 1982, 101 patients underwent sleeve lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung. There were 58 procedures on the right side and 43 on the left. Life-table analysis of 94 of the patients shows a 5-year survival of 30% and a 10-year survival of 22%. Preoperative irradiation was utilized in 51 patients with a 5- and 10-year survival of 25% and 16%, respectively. The sleeve lobectomy group that did not have radiation therapy demonstrated a 5-year survival of 36% and a 10-year survival of 28%.There were 2 operative deaths (2%). Completion pneumonectomy was required in 7 patients because of anastomotic dehiscence in the early postoperative period in 6 and tumor at the margin in 1. Other major complications included empyema and granulation tissue at the anastomosis that were successfully managed by bronchoscopic dilation and suture removal. Tumor recurred locally in the area of the anastomosis in 9 patients.Sleeve lobectomy is a safe procedure and when technically feasible can be considered the procedure of choice for bronchogenic carcinoma.     

肝静脉阻断技术在肝切除术中的应用

目的 探讨肝静脉阻断技术在复杂肝脏肿瘤切除术中防止肝静脉破裂大出血及空气栓塞的作用。方法 对71例肝脏肿瘤手术切除病例施行了1根以上主肝静脉阻断。所有肿瘤均位于第二肝门并侵犯或压迫1根以上主肝静脉。肝静脉阻断方法采用绕线结扎、血管带阻断或血管夹及心耳钳夹闭法。结果 71例中无1例肝静脉分离破裂，行肝静脉结扎28例，血管带阻断26例，血管夹阻断17例；阻断右肝静脉34例，右肝静脉＋中肝静脉2例，左、中肝静脉共干24例，左、中肝静脉分干2例，左、中、右三干9例。施行半肝全血流阻断35例（右侧24例，左侧11例）。交替半肝全肝血流阻断4例，第一肝门阻断加部分肝静脉阻断23例。第一肝门阻断加全部肝静脉阻断（不阻断下腔静脉的全肝血流阻断）9例。71例肝肿瘤均顺利切除。结论 肝静脉阻断技术是一种安全、有效的血流阻断技术。不阻断下腔静脉的全肝血流阻断术既能控制术中出血，又能保证全身血流动力学稳定。     

巨大原发性肝细胞癌的手术切除

目的探讨巨大肝细胞癌切除的安全性和可行性。方法237例巨大肝细胞癌病人．肿瘤平均直径14．3cm，采用间歇性人肝血流阻断下进行肝肿瘤切除。结果237例肿瘤均得以顺利切除，无严重并发症，仅8例术后死于肝功能衰竭和上消化道出血。肝门阻断时间平均18min，出血量平均740ml。术后半年、1年、2年、3年、5年生存率分别为88．3％、62．1％、40．4％、23．7％和17．2％。结论巨大肝细胞癌切除难度大，但只要方法得当，围手术期处理适宜，仍是安全可行的。     

Comparison of Two Methods of Selective Hepatic Vascular Exclusion for Liver Resection Involving the Roots of the Hepatic Veins

Background  Selective hepatic vascular exclusion (SHVE) is an effective hepatic vascular exclusion in controlling both inflow and outflow without interruption of caval flow, as it combines Pringle maneuver with extrahepatic selective occlusion of hepatic veins. But SHVE has not been widely used due to difficulty in extrahepatic dissection of hepatic veins. When the tumor is very close to the roots of the hepatic veins, dissecting the posterior wall of the hepatic vein may lead to rupture and massive bleeding of the hepatic vein. With our experience, clamping hepatic veins with Satinsky clamps is a safer and easier occlusion method by which the posterior wall of the hepatic veins does not need to be separated and encircled. In this report, we compared the results of selective hepatic vascular occlusion with tourniquet and Satinsky clamp for major liver resection involving the roots of the hepatic veins. Methods  Between January 2003 to June 2006, 180 patients who underwent major liver resection with SHVE were divided into two groups according to different methods of hepatic vascular occlusion: occlusion with tourniquet (tourniquet group, n = 95) and occlusion with Satinsky clamp (Satinsky clamp group, n = 85). In the tourniquet group, the hepatic veins were encircled and occluded with tourniquet. In the Satinsky clamp group, the hepatic veins were not encircled and clamped directly by Satinsky clamp. Results  Intraoperative and postoperative consequences of the patients were analyzed. The dissecting time for each hepatic vein was significantly shorter in the Satinsky group (6.2 ± 2.4 min vs 18.3 ± 6.2 min) than in the tourniquet group. In the tourniquet group, five hepatic veins (one right hepatic vein and four common trunk of left-middle hepatic veins) could not be dissected and encircled because the tumors involved the cava hepatic junction, and another common trunk of the left-middle hepatic vein had a small rupture during the dissection. These six patients then received successful occlusion with Satinsky clamp. There was no difference between the two groups regarding the operation duration, ischemia time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complication rate. Conclusion  Both methods of the hepatic vein occlusion have the same effect on controlling hepatic vein bleeding, but occlusion with Satinsky clamp is safer, easier, and consumes less time in dissecting. Li Ai-Jun And Pan Ze-Ya contributed equally to this work.