日照市介入放射诊疗防护现状调查分析

目的为保障介入放射工作人员和受检者的身体健康,对日照市从事介入放射诊疗的放射防护现状进行调查。方法调查从事介入放射学的人员结构,剂量水平及防护管理措施。结果介入放射工作人员各测试点辐射剂量率明显高于国家规定的标准,且部分介入放射工作人员缺乏放射防护知识,对放射防护重视不够。结论应严格按照《放射诊疗管理规定》的要求,加强对介入放射诊疗工作的管理,降低受照剂量,保护介入放射工作人员的身体健康。     

某医院核医学科放射防护管理现状与思考

目的 通过对某医院核医学科放射防护管理和放射防护设施进行监督检查,提出放射防护管理建议及监督意见,促使该院加强放射诊疗工作管理,保障放射诊疗工作人员、患者和公众健康权益。方法 通过调取放射防护管理档案、现场检查核医学科放射防护管理措施及设施,发现问题,并提出切实可行的建议。结果 该院核医学科取得了《放射诊疗许可证》,建立了放射防护管理组织及制度,放射工作人员的配备符合开展核医学工作的要求,其放射防护管理比较规范。但是,其工作场所布局不甚合理,对诊疗者及其陪护者的防护很不重视。结论 该院核医学科的放射防护管理没有完全达到《放射诊疗管理规定》的要求。     

2020年度盐城市放射诊疗资源状况调查

目的 掌握盐城市放射诊疗资源配置及放射工作人员职业健康管理情况,为加强放射卫生管理、保障放射工作人员健康权益提供数据.方法 采用网络问卷,调查盐城市放射医疗机构中放射诊疗设备及放射工作人员的数量、结构及分布等情况,分析放射卫生管理现状.结果 2020年盐城市放射诊疗机构共有331家,平均拥有数为45.97家/100万人...     

上海市某三甲医院放射防护管理工作的探索

作为医院诊疗的重要组成部分，随着现代医学技术的高速发展，越来越多的放射源和放射诊疗设备应用于临床，放射诊疗类别增加，放射工作人员数量增多，放射诊疗规模不断扩大，对放射防护管理工作提出了新的挑战，放射防护管理工作的系统性和整体性愈发重要。为加强医院放射防护管理，提高工作效率，保障放射工作人员职业健康，结合实际工作需求，本文从人员、设备、场所、制度等方面指出医院放射防护管理工作中存在的问题，并从多方面提出管理措施，包括落实制度建设、强化部门协作，提升人员意识，增加质控检查，加强消毒管理和信息化建设等，从而形成医院放射防护的精细化管理闭环。     

放射工作人员放射防护知识培训结果分析

为贯彻《放射工作人员健康管理规定》 ,提高放射工作人员的放射卫生防护知识水平 ,避免发生放射事故。我市于 1998年 7月至 10月期间对江门地区 64 9名放射从业人员进行了放射防护法规和卫生防护知识的培训 ,现将结果报告如下 :1　内容和方法1.1　培训对象江门市辖下五市两区 2 10个放射工作单位共 64 9名放射工作人员 ,包括从事医用Ｘ射线诊断、工业Ｘ射线探伤以及密封源装置的工作人员。1.2　培训内容1.2 .1　法律法规 :国务院 44号令《放射性同位素与射线装置放射防护条例》 ,卫生部 5 2号令《放射工作人员健康管理规定》 ;1.2 .2　放射…     

建设项目职业病危害放射防护评价管理探讨

目的 分析放射诊疗单位建设项目职业病危害放射防护评价管理中存在的问题,提出相关对策。方法 针对放射诊疗单位、放射工作人员、放射卫生监督执法机构、建设项目职业病危害放射防护评价机构探讨建设项目职业病危害放射防护评价管理中存在的问题。结果 基层放射诊疗单位普遍不重视建设项目职业病危害放射防护评价,放射防护措施和管理落实不到位。结论 放射卫生监督执法机构和放射防护评价机构应加强自身能力建设,加强对基层放射诊疗单位、放射工作人员的防护知识培训和相关法律法规教育。     

浅析放射工作人员健康管理与存在问题

卫生部于1997年发布了《放射工作人员健康管理规定》(以下简称《管理规定》)对放射工作人员的基本条件、健康检查、个人剂量监测等做了具体规定,为放射工作人员的健康提供了法律保证,为放射卫生监督管理提供了法律依据。为了加强对放射工作人员的管理,保障其健康与安全。     

综合性医院放射防护管理工作体会

放射防护管理是医院管理的一个重要方面,加强放射防护工作的管理对保证放射诊疗质量和安全,维护放射工作人员、患者和公众的健康权益具有积极的作用.该文结合医院日常放射防护管理工作从多方面进行了阐述和探讨.     

衢州市放射工作人员健康状况分析

为了保障放射工作人员身体健康,研究我市放射病及放射损伤发生、发展规律和分布情况,为今后放射防护提供科学依据,现将全市放射工作人员健康检查资料分析如下：1材料与方法1.1资料来源1996～1997年衢州市放射工作人员健康检查资料。我市组织放射工作人员健康检查结果资料,对有放射病以及可疑放射病人员的检查资料送浙江省放射病诊断小组确诊。1.2体检项目标准按照卫生部《放射工作人员健康管理》的项目进行体检及判断结果。2结果2.1外周血象异常情况放射工作人员健康检查137人,外周血象异常14人,占全部体检人数10.22%。外周血象异常有…     

1991年-2001年南阳市放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果与分析

放射工作人员的个人剂量是放射工作职业健康监护,放射性疾病诊断和治疗管理及放射防护评价的重要依据。也是发放放射工作人员证和进行放射病诊断的重要依据。其主要目的是获取．评价工作人员接受的剂量,并对放射工作人员防护进行有效的控制。此外,累积的个人剂量数据是研究辐射对人体危害,制订和修改防护规定的重要参考资料。     

基于CiteSpace可视化分析的发达地区与欠发达地区医院感染研究现状对比

目的　 分析近5年发达地区与欠发达地区在医院感染领域的研究现状,为医院感染领域研究者提供进一步研究思路。方法 运用CiteSpace 5.7.R1软件,选取发达地区的上海、江苏、浙江、广东、福建和欠发达地区的河南、河北、甘肃、广西、贵州作为调查样本,选取2016年1月1日—2020年8月31日这些省份医疗机构在《中华医院感染学杂志》、《中国感染控制杂志》、《中国消毒学杂志》上发表的文章,进行作者、研究机构、关键词的可视化分析。结果 成功纳入发达地区有效文献2 228篇,欠发达地区有效文献1 513篇,从核心作者分析,发达地区以陈文森发文较多,欠发达地区是以杨怀等发文量排名前列。从发文机构分析,发达地区感染领域机构发文量以宁波市第二医院居多,欠发达地区以南阳市中心医院发文较多。发达地区高频关键词为病原菌、医院感染、耐药性,欠发达地区为医院感染、病原菌、感染。关键词突现及关键词聚类发达地区与欠发达地区各有侧重,总的趋势是研究方向转向临床和基础。结论 发达地区与欠发达地区医院感染领域研究内容与热点主题存在一致性也存在差异性,应加强团队间合作,以促进该领域的全面发展。     

Distorting reality for children: Body size proportions of Barbie and Ken dolls

Using hip measurements as a constant, calculations were made to determine the changes necessary for a young, healthy adult woman and man to attain the same body proportions as Barbie and Ken dolls, respectively. Among the changes necessary were for the female to increase 24 in. in height, 5 in. in the chest, and 3.2 in. in neck length, while decreasing 6 in. in the waist, and for the male to increase 20 in. in height, 11 in. in the chest, and 7.9 in. in neck circumference. Like adults, children are exposed to highly unrealistic ideals for shape and weight. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

中国东中西部地区乙型病毒性肝炎流行现状

目的了解中国东、中、西部地区乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)流行现状。方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查保留的血清开展乙肝病毒感染血清学检测。结果①中国东、中、西部地区全人群乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)标化阳性率分别9.20%、7.24%、8.24%。东部地区城市、农村全人群HBsAg阳性率分别为4.29%、11.79%;中部地区城市、农村全人群HBsAg阳性率分别为4.41%、7.84%;西部地区城市、农村全人群HBsAg阳性率分别为4.53%、9.05%。②东、中、西部地区<15岁儿童HBsAg阳性率分别为6.46%、4.47%、5.48%。东部地区城市、农村<15岁儿童HBsAg阳性率分别为2.29%、12.39%;中部地区城市、农村<15岁儿童HBsAg阳性率分别为1.61%、6.82%;西部地区城市、农村<15岁儿童HBsAg阳性率分别为2.57%、7.35%。结论中国东、中、西部地区全人群HBsAg阳性率均有不同程度下降,<15岁儿童下降最明显。表明中国自1992年将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理效果显著。     

A multidimensional approach to measure poverty in rural Bangladesh

Poverty is increasingly being understood as a multidimensional phenomenon. Other than income-consumption, which has been extensively studied in the past, health, education, shelter, and social involvement are among the most important dimensions of poverty. The present study attempts to develop a simple tool to measure poverty in its multidimensionality where it views poverty as an inadequate fulfillment of basic needs, such as food, clothing, shelter, health, education, and social involvement. The scale score ranges between 72 and 24 and is constructed in such a way that the score increases with increasing level of poverty. Using various techniques, the study evaluates the poverty-measurement tool and provides evidence for its reliability and validity by administering it in various areas of rural Bangladesh. The reliability coefficients, such as test-retest coefficient (0.85) and Cronbach's alpha (0.80) of the tool, were satisfactorily high. Based on the socioeconomic status defined by the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) exercise, the level of poverty identified by the scale was 33% in Chakaria, 26% in Matlab, and 32% in other rural areas of the country. The validity of these results was tested against some traditional methods of identifying the poor, and the association of the scores with that of the traditional indicators, such as ownership of land and occupation, asset index (r=0.72), and the wealth ranking obtained from the PRA exercise, was consistent. A statistically significant inverse relationship of the poverty scores with the socioeconomic status was observed in all cases. The scale also allowed the absolute level of poverty to be measured, and in the present study, the highest percentage of absolute poor was found in terms of health (44.2% in Chakaria, 36.4% in Matlab, and 39.1% in other rural areas), followed by social exclusion (35.7% in Chakaria, 28.5% in Matlab, and 22.3% in other rural areas), clothing (6.2% in Chakaria, 8.3% in Matlab, and 20% in other rural areas), education (14.7% in Chakaria, 8% in Matlab, and 16.8% in other rural areas), food (7.8% in Chakaria, 2.9% in Matlab and 3% in other rural areas), and shelter (0.8% in Chakaria, 1.4% in Matlab, and 3.7% in other rural areas). This instrument will also prove itself invaluable in assessing the individual effects of poverty-alleviation programmes or policies on all these different dimensions.     

Mercury concentration in organs of contemporary Japanese

Concentrations of inorganic mercury (IHg), methylmercury (MeHg), and total mercury (THg) were determined for autopsy samples from 46 Japanese subjects. Two laboratories (Labs A and B) participated in Hg analyses: Lab A for THg and IHg and Lab B for THg and MeHg. Total mercury concentration values were in good agreement between the two laboratories: the averages were several hundreds of ng/g in kidney cortex, kidney medulla, and liver, and were several tens of ng/g in cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, and spleen. Inorganic mercury accumulated more in kidney and liver: its percentage THg was 81-84% in the kidney, 67% in the liver, 25% in the heart, 22% in the spleen, 20% in the cerebrum, and 14% in the cerebellum. Methylmercury levels in tissues were uniform through all organs except the liver. Approximately 80% was in the form of MeHg in the cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, and spleen, whereas the values were 33%, 15%, and 11% in the liver, kidney medulla, and kidney cortex, respectively. Age was a significant factor in increased IHg concentrations in the cerebrum and heart, decreased values of %MeHg in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and heart, and increased values of %IHg in the cerebrum and heart.     

The influence of creatinine, lecithin and choline feeding on aliphatic amine production and excretion in the rat

The excretion of aliphatic amines, methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine in the urine and faeces of rats fed on a control diet and diets supplemented with creatinine, lecithin or choline were measured over a 14 d feeding period. The rats were then killed and concentrations of amines in small and large intestinal contents measured. Adding creatinine to the diet resulted in a significant increase of methylamine excretion in the faeces and urine. The amount of methylamine found in all parts of the intestine increased, especially in the caecum. Adding lecithin to the diet resulted in an increase in the methylamine excretion only, and no change in the concentrations of amines found in the intestine, except for trimethylamine which was significantly increased in the caecum and colon. Adding choline to the diet resulted in a significant increase in excretion of trimethylamine and, to a lesser extent, methylamine. The levels of amines found in the gut increased, dimethylamine being increased in the small bowel, and methylamine and trimethylamine in the caecum.     

Human biomonitoring in Israel: past, present, future

The first human biomonitoring (HBM) studies in Israel in the 1970s and 80s focused on measuring exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides in the general population and organophosphate pesticides in agricultural workers. In the late 1990 s, a regional human biomonitoring study found differences in blood lead levels in children from Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority. Taken together with data on time trends in lead emissions in Israel, the study indicated the benefits from phasing out of leaded gasoline. More recently, a pilot study in pregnant women in Jerusalem, conducted in collaboration with the US-CDC, found widespread exposure to phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and the carbamate bendiocarb. Creatinine-adjusted total dimethyl (DM) metabolite concentrations were between 4 and 6 times higher than populations of pregnant women in the United States. The Israel Ministry of Health is currently collaborating with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Al Quds University to study exposures to phthalates and organophosphates in pregnant women in Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The Israel Ministry of Health has also begun the first National Biomonitoring Study to measure exposures to bisphenol A, phthalates, organophosphates, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein, and cotinine in the Israeli adult population. This study is being carried out in collaboration with the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. Until recently, HBM programs in Israel were targeted at selected occupational groups (workers potentially exposed to metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and cholinesterase inhibitors) and naval divers potentially exposed to environmental contaminants. The future of HBM in Israel lies in extending such programs to measuring exposures in representative samples of the general population, increasing international collaboration in this field, developing analytical capacity and expertise, and increasing use of human biomonitoring studies in forming and evaluating environmental health policy.     

氟硒联合作用对大鼠体内铜,锌,铁影响的研究

采用原子吸收光谱法对饮用含氟、硒及氟和硒的去离子水溶液达八周的大鼠血清、心、肝、脾、肾组织中的铜、锌、铁含量进行了测定，以观察氟及氟硒联合作用 鼠体内这些微量元素的影响。本研究结果表明，氟化物可引起大鼠血清铜、铁含量增高、心、肝、脾、肾组织中锌、铁含量增高，而使肾组织铜含量降低，氟硒联合作用可使大鼠血清铜明显降低，锌、铁含量明显增高，心、肝、脾、肾组织中铜、锌、铁含量增高。硒对氟致血清铜升高、肾铜     

Differences in cellular and inflammatory cytokine profiles in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in bagassosis and silicosis

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the crucial mediators involved in the inflammation and fibrogenesis in bagassosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the cellular and cytokine patterns in the airways of bagassosis and to compare these with silicosis subjects and controls. METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 11 patients with bagassosis, 16 cases with silicosis, and 8 controls. Differential cell counts, total protein concentration, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 were analyzed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS: Bagassosis was characterized with hypercellularity with neutrophilia in BALF; while the predominant cell in the BALF in silicosis was macrophage. Compared with control subjects, increased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-6 levels were found in the BALFs in both bagassosis and silicosis. Furthermore, IL-6 levels in the BALF of silicosis subjects were significantly higher than that seen in bagassosis. In contrast, bagassosis had higher level of IL-8 in BALF than that in silicosis. Relationship among these parameters were found between IL-8 levels and neutrophils, lymphocytes and IL-1 beta in bagassosis, macrophages and IL-1beta in silicosis. No significant differences of total protein concentrations and IL-5 in BALF were found between controls or bagassosis, and silicosis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that neutrophils, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-6 are involved in the pathogenesis in bagassosis. The mechanisms underline the different cellular and cytokine profiles in bagassosis and silicosis warrant further investigation.     

我国城乡居民健康素养影响因素分析

目的分析我国城乡居民健康素养的主要影响因素,为制定相关政策提供依据。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)及新疆生产建设兵团79 542名15～69岁常住人口开展问卷调查。结果中国居民具备健康素养的比例是6.48%,城市为9.94%,农村为3.43%。单因素和多因素分析均发现,文化程度、地域、民族、婚姻、家庭规模和收入是城乡居民健康素养共同影响因素。文化程度是最重要的影响因素,文化程度越高,具备健康素养的人口比例越高(城市OR=1.854,农村OR=2.972)。与东部地区比较,中部地区居民健康素养水平较高(城市OR=1.063,农村OR=1.255),西部较低(城市OR=0.86,农村OR=0.72)。少数民族低于汉族;已婚者略高于未婚者;家庭规模越大,家庭收入越低,家庭成员的健康素养水平越低。多因素分析发现,城市居民年龄越大健康素养越高(OR=1.005),农村居民与此相反,年龄越大健康素养越低(OR=0.985);城市男性健康素养水平高于女性(OR=1.069),但农村不同性别之间差异无统计学意义。结论城乡居民健康素养影响因素略有差异。文化程度是居民健康素养最重要的影响因素,地域、民族、婚姻、家庭规模和收入不同程度地影响城乡居民健康素养。