急性心肌梗塞患者心率变异性及其临床意义

采用心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）时域指标──２４ｈ心电图中全部窦性Ｒ－Ｒ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ），研究急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者ＨＲＶ改变及其与肌酸激酶同功酶（ＣＫ－ＭＢ）、心功能和住院期间病死率的关系。结果显示：ＡＭＩ后２～３ｄ的ＳＤＮＮ（６０．５３±２０．６０ｍｓ）较正常对照组（１３０．２０±３０．４１ｍｓ）显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），并与ＣＫ－ＭＢ峰值呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．４８，Ｐ＜０．０５）；服用美多心安者的ＳＤＮＮ显著高于未服者（６１．２７±１３．４４ｍｓＶＳ４７．５３±１１．２５ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．０５）；心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级者ＳＤＮＮ显著低于Ⅰ级者（４９．７１±１８．１０ｍｓＶＳ６８．５２±１８．８０ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；住院期间死亡者ＳＤＮＮ显著低于存活者（４２．２５±６．４５ｍｓＶＳ６２．５６＋２０．６３ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＳＤＮＮ＜５０ｍｓ者的住院病死率显著高于＞５０ｍｓ者（３１％ＶＳ０，Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＡＭＩ早期心脏交感神经活动增强而迷走神经活动受抑制，其改变的程度与心功能损害和梗塞面积相关；ＡＭＩ早期测定ＨＲＶ可获得重要临床信息和有助于对患者作早期危险性的分层。     

老年人红细胞膜唾液酸含量与红细胞免疫功能的相关性

目的探讨老年人红细胞膜唾液酸（ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ）与红细胞免疫功能的相关性。方法采用Ｂｉａｌｓｃｈｅ试剂法检测ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ，Ｆ－８８３６化学比色法检测血浆唾液酸（Ｐ－ＳＡ），红细胞免疫粘附试验观察红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（ＲＲＣＦ）。结果老年急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）组和脑梗塞（ＡＣＩ）组的ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ分别为３０．８±４．３和３１．３±４．４μｇＮＡＮＡ／ｍｇ膜蛋白，ＲＲＣＦ分别为１６．７％±３．５％和１６．０％±３．６％，均低于老年对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０５），老年对照组均低于非老年对照组（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＭＩ和ＡＣＩ患者的Ｐ－ＳＡ分别为２．４±０．４和２．４±０．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，均高于老年对照组（均为Ｐ＜０．０５），老年对照组则高于非老年对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。老年患者和老年对照组的ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ与ＲＲＣＦ均呈正相关，而ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ与Ｐ－ＳＡ均呈负相关。结论老年人红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率降低与ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ代谢障碍有关。     

干扰素对人甲状腺细胞表面抗原表达的影响

目的研究干扰素（ＩＦＮα、ＩＦＮγ）及激素对人正常甲状腺细胞表面抗原表达的影响,以探讨ＩＦＮα导致自身免疫性甲状腺病（ＡＩＴＤ）的可能机制。方法应用ＩＦＮα、ＩＦＮγ、促甲状腺激素（ＴＳＨ）及催乳素（ＰＲＬ）,刺激体外培养的来自６名正常人的甲状腺细胞,通过免疫荧光染色及流式细胞仪测定其表面抗原—ＨＬＡＤＲ、细胞间粘附分子１（ＩＣＡＭ１）、Ｂ７．１和甲状腺过氧化物酶（ＴＰＯ）的表达。结果（１）ＩＦＮα明显诱导甲状腺细胞表达ＩＣＡＭ１、Ｂ７．１和ＴＰＯ（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０５）;（２）ＩＦＮγ明显诱导甲状腺细胞表达ＨＬＡＤＲ、ＩＣＡＭ１,但对Ｂ７．１的表达无促进作用（Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＞０．０５）;（３）ＰＲＬ显著诱导甲状腺细胞表达ＩＣＡＭ１、Ｂ７．１和ＴＰＯ（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论协同刺激信号对ＡＩＴＤ的发生起着关键作用。ＩＦＮα显著诱导甲状腺细胞表达协同刺激信号（Ｂ７．１）和自身抗原ＴＰＯ,可能是临床应用ＩＦＮα诱致ＡＩＴＤ的致病原因之一。ＰＲＬ在产后甲状腺炎发病和发展中的作用应予以关注     

急性心肌梗死患者溶栓对心率变异性的影响

选取急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）患者３１例，并设正常对照组。采用时域法和频域法研究ＡＭＩ溶栓治疗后心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）的改变。其结果显示:在ＡＭＩ再通组，其ＳＤＮＮ为１０８．１４±２８．４０ｍｓ，高于未通组的６２．６７±２６．１２ｍｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）但低于对照组的１２８．４７±３５．６１ｍｓ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其高频面积为２８４．８２±２７６．４５，大于未通组的（１３５．６８±１１７．８２ｂｐｍ２／Ｈｚ，Ｐ＜０．０５）但小于对照组的（６９４．３５±５４０．１１ｂｐｍ２／Ｈｚ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；其低频面积／高频面积为０．９３±０．７１，小于未通组的１．７４±１．０７（Ｐ＜０．０５），但大于对照组的０．５３±０．６１（Ｐ＜０．０１）；其低频面积虽大于未通组和小于对照组，但无统计学意义。本结果表明，ＡＭＩ后ＨＲＶ变小，其迷走神经活性下降，交感神经作用相对增强；溶栓再通后的ＨＲＶ增大，其迷走神经兴奋性增高，交感神经作用减弱。故成功的溶栓治疗对改善ＡＭＩ后自主神经系统功能失衡和减少由此引起的致命性心律失常等事件的发生有积极意义     

肠易激综合征的胆囊收缩功能

本文对１５例肠易激综合征（ＩＢＳ）和１０例健康对照的胆囊收缩功能进行了研究。应用超声显像测定了以下参数：（１）空腹胆囊容积（ＦＧＶ），（２）服脂餐后胆囊达最大收缩时残余容积（ＲＧＶ），（３）胆囊最大排空率（ＭＧＥＲ），（４）达最大收缩的经历时间。结果显示，ＩＢＳ患者的ＦＧＶ、达最大收缩时ＲＧＶ及经历时间均显著大于对照组（均为Ｐ＜０．０１），而其ＭＧＥＲ则显著小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）．提示ＩＢＳ患者的胆囊收缩功能显著异常。     

β-受体阻断剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对心肌梗死患者心率变异影响的比较

为了解β－受体阻断剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ＡＣＥＩ）对心肌梗死患者心率变异（ＨＲＶ）的影响，采用惠普系列双通道动态心电图机对５３例急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）和３２例陈旧性心肌梗死（ＯＭＩ）患者进行了ＨＲＶ分析。β－受体阻断剂治疗的ＡＭＩ患者（Ｂ组）与对照组（常规治疗的ＡＭＩ患者即Ｃ组）相比，２４ｈＲＲ间期总体标准差（ＳＤＮＮ）、相邻ＲＲ间期大于５０ｍｓ的百分比（ｐＮＮ５０）均增加（７．２６±３．４４ｍｓｖｓ４．２７±２．０１ｍｓ，１２６．３４±３０．０５ｖｓ９１．４８±２９．２１，Ｐ均＜０．０５），高频带（ＨＦ）增大（８．５３±１．９７ｍｓ２／Ｈｚｖｓ６．７２±２．０８ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ，Ｐ＜０．０５），低频带（ＬＦ）降低（１２．６４±３．０５ｍｓ２／Ｈｚｖｓ１５．３１±４．２１ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＣＥＩ治疗的ＡＭＩ患者（Ａ组）与对照组（ｃ组）相比，ｐＮＮ５０增加（１２３．５９±２７．６３ｖｓ９１．４８±２９．２１，Ｐ＜０．０５），低频与高频的比值降低（２．１３±１．０５ｖｓ２．３５±０．８７，Ｐ＜０．０５），其中伴有心力衰竭者与不伴心力衰竭者相比ＨＲＶ改善较显著。ＡＣＥＩ和β－受体阻断剂对ＯＭＩ患者?     

急性心肌梗死时QTc,JTc及QT离散度增加,与室性心律失常和猝死的关系

本文测定了１２３例急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）患者首次心电图的ＱＴｃ间期，ＪＴｃ间期及ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ），并与ＡＭＩ患者的室性心律失常和心性猝死的关系进行了探讨。结果为ＡＭＩ时早期原发性室额患者ＱＴｃ显著高于无室颤者（ＱＴｃ４８８．６３±３９．３６ｍｓ与４０５．８８±２２．３１ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＪＴｃ异常组与ＱＴｄ＞６０ｍｓ组室速、室颤及猝死的发生率均较对照组高（Ｐ＜０．０１），表明ＱＴｃ，ＪＴｃ延长及ＱＴｄ增加者室颤发生的可能性增大。     

急性颅脑损伤后脑脊液中心钠素和精氨酸加压素含量变化及其临床意义

对３４例急性脑外伤患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中心钠素（ＡＮＦ）和精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）的含量进行放射免疫测定。结果表明脑外伤后４８小时和６～１０天ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ含量较对照组均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＡＶＰ含量较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．００１）。伤后２～３周ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ水平升高，与对照组相比无明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＶＰ水平降低，但仍明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｇｌｏｓｇｏｗｃｏｍａｓｃａｌｅ（ＧＣＳ）≤８分者ＣＳＦ中ＡＶＰ含量高于ＧＣＳ＞８分者（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＣＳＦ压力≥１．９６ｋＰａ者ＡＶＰ含量高于ＣＳＦ压力＜１．９６ｋＰａ者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡＮＦ的含量变化与ＧＣＳ计分和ＣＳＦ压力无关，提示ＡＮＦ和ＡＶＰ可能参与颅脑损伤的病理生理变化，ＡＮＦ的分泌减少与ＡＶＰ的释放增加可能是导致脑外伤后继发脑水肿的重要因素。     

急性心肌梗塞后左室重构的超声心动图随访研究

目的：应用超声心动图对９２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的左室重构（ＬＶＲ）进行随访研究,以探讨ＬＶＲ衍变规律。方法：分别于ＬＶＲ早期（３～６周）及后期（６～１２个月）应用彩色多普勒血流显像仪测定左室舒张末内径（ＬＶＤｄ）、左室收缩期圆周指数（ＬＶＳＣＩ）、左室舒张末及收缩末容积（ＥＤＶ,ＥＳＶ）、射血分数（ＥＦ）、心输出量（ＣＯ）、室壁应力指数（Ｅｄｂ,Ｅｓｂ,ｍｅａｎ服ｂ）、平均周边纤维缩短速率（ＭＶＣＦ）、二尖瓣舒张早期及晚期血流速度峰值（ＰＶＥ,ＰＶＡ）、左房张力（ＬＡＴ）、左房射血为（ＬＡＦ）及峰值充盈速度（ＰＦＲ）进行分析。结果：ＡＭＩ后ＬＶＲ早期可出现ＬＶＤｄ、ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ、Ｅｄｂ、Ｅｓｂ、ｍｅａｎｂ、ＰＶＡ、ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ、ＬＡＴ、ＬＡＦ显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０１－０．００１）,ＰＦＲ、ＥＦ、ＣＯ、ＬＶＳＣＩ、ＭＶＣＦ、ＰＶＥ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１—０．００１）;后期上述在室功能指标进一步减退,左房增力泵失代偿,左室畸形增加。结论：ＡＭＩ后ＬＶＲ的主要原因是梗塞区膨展、左室扩张、容量负荷及室壁应力增加,从而导致二尖瓣返流等并发症的出现。ＥＳＶ、ＥＤＶ及ＥＦ可作为了解远期预后的最佳指标。     

心率变异预测急性心肌梗死预后的价值

为探讨急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）预后与心率变异（ＨＲＶ）的关系及ＨＲＶ与左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）、心室晚电位（ＶＬＰ）联合应用对心律失常事件的预测价值，对８４例ＡＭＩ后两周的患者进行ＨＲＶ时域及频域分析和ＶＬＰ检测，并进行长期随访。平均随访１６．７５±７．７４（４～２９）个月（１２例失访）。结果表明：①发生严重心律失常事件的ＡＭＩ患者（１５例）的ＨＲＶ较无严重心律失常事件者（５７例）明显下降〔ＳＤ：３．８７９±０．３５５ｌｎ（ｍｓ）ｖｓ４．０７７±０．２８１ｌｎ（ｍｓ），Ｓｔ．Ｇｅｏｒｇｅｓ指数：３．６７７±０．５６９ｖｓ３．９２９±０．３５８，ＬＦ：４．３９９±１．１７９ｌｎ（ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ）ｖｓ５．０４１±０．９１２ｌｎ（ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ），Ｐ均＜０．０５〕。②ＨＲＶ对严重心律失常事件预测的敏感性为４６．７％，高于ＬＶＥＦ（３３．３％）及ＶＬＰ（２６．７％）；阳性预测值为３０．４％，与ＬＶＥＦ（３１．２％）及ＶＬＰ（３０．８％）相近。③ＨＲＶ分别与ＬＶＥＦ、ＶＬＰ合用，可明显提高阳性预测值（依次为６０％和５０％）。提示ＡＭＩ后心律失常事件的发生及心脏性猝死与ＨＲＶ有密切关系。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.