~(60)Coγ射线对生理盐水和玉米中黄曲霉孢子的辐照效应研究

目的研究γ射线对黄曲霉孢子辐照效应。方法两种介质中不同浓度黄曲霉孢子经不同剂量辐照后进行菌落计数,计算D10值和理论最小杀灭剂量,并实验验证实际最小杀灭剂量。结果生理盐水中高浓度孢子D10值0.39kGy,最低杀灭剂量2.5kGy,低浓度孢子D10值0.47kGy,最低杀灭剂量1.5kGy;玉米中高浓度孢子D10值为0.67kGy,最低杀灭剂量3.0kGy,低浓度孢子D10值为0.72kGy,最低杀灭剂量2.0kGy。结论 3.0kGy可用于粮食中黄曲霉的杀灭。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸与环丙沙星联合对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的抑制作用

目的 研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)、环丙沙星(CIP)单用及二者联合对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的抑制作用.方法 扫描电镜(SEM)观察NAC、CIP单用及二者联合对铜绿假单胞菌PAO1生物被膜形态的影响;结晶紫染色法定量分析二者单用及联合对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的影响;噻唑兰法(MTT)法测定二者联用的活菌数.结果 SEM观察到NAC对铜绿假单胞菌PAO1生物被膜有破坏解离作用,与CIP有协同作用;结晶紫染色法定量分析显示铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的OD值随NAC剂量增大而减小;CIP(8MIC)作用后铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的OD值下降至对照的69.1％～97.9％;CIP合用0.5、5 mg/ml NAC后OD值分别下降至CIP单用的(54.7±7.7)％、(48.9±11.4)％;NAC和CIP单用,分别在2.5 mg/ml和2 MIC时对成熟被膜下细菌的杀菌作用差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),联合作用后NAC和CIP在0.5 mg/ml和1/2 MIC时即对被膜下细菌的杀菌作用差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 NAC对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜有破坏解离作用、对被膜下细菌有杀菌作用,并与CIP存在一定的协同作用.     

植物乳杆菌ATCC8014对寄生曲霉NRRL 2999孢子形态及生长与产毒影响的研究

为探讨植物乳杆菌ATCC 80 1 4对寄生曲霉NRRL 2 999生长与产毒的影响 ,将植物乳杆菌与寄生曲霉同时接种到MRS肉汤和预先厌氧培养植物乳杆菌后再接种寄生曲霉孢子 ,2 8℃培养 1 5天。在培养的第3、6、9、1 2和 1 5天测定培养液中的pH值、黄曲霉毒素B1 和菌丝体重量。结果显示 :植物乳杆菌可显著抑制寄生曲霉生长 (P <0 0 1 ) ,抑制的机制在于孢子灭活 ,使其不能发育成菌丝 ,故也不能产生黄曲霉毒素B1 ,在电子显微镜下可观察到寄生曲霉孢子充水肿胀死亡 ,而植物乳杆菌的细胞形态也由长杆状变为椭圆形 ;当植物乳杆菌ATCC 80 1 4接种到已经培养了 3天的寄生曲霉NRRL 2 999培养液中时 ,则植物乳杆菌对其生长与产毒无显著影响。在以乳酸调整的pH4 5MRS肉汤中 ,乳酸对寄生曲霉生长有显著的抑制作用 (P <0 0 1 ) ,但并不影响黄曲霉毒素B1 的合成     

Changes in the mutagenic effect of a medium containing aflatoxin B1 as a result of the yeast activity

Changes in the mutagenic activity of the nutrient medium containing aflatoxin Br as a result of living activity of the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa I B has been studied. Reduction of mutagenic activity of the medium when tested on the strains Salmonella typhimurium TA98 (6.3 times fold), TA100 (2.2 times fold), AG262 (2 times fold) has been revealed. The data obtained leads to the conclusion that the technology, based on the use of the indicated strain of the yeast for the treatment of food and feed stuffs contaminated by aflatoxin B1, can be used.     

防腐剂联合使用对酱油防腐效果的影响

目的:采用不同组合和不同浓度的防腐剂对酱油防腐效果进行研究,确定最佳的防腐剂搭配组合和配比,为酱油的防腐提供科学依据。方法:采用未经灭菌、未加防腐剂的酱油,添加不同组合及不同浓度的苯甲酸、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸,在实验室进行防腐试验,并在酱油厂进行生产试用。结果:酱油中山梨酸和对羟基苯甲酸混合用量达允许量的89%时,霉菌、酵母菌经26±1℃培养5 d后存活率为73%,细菌经36±1℃培养5 d后存活率为76%,室温放置30 d无生成霉膜,经生产试用,酱油无腐败变质。结论:酱油中山梨酸和对羟基苯甲酸混合用量达允许量的89%,能防止酱油腐败变质(胀罐)。     

Physiological effects of fibre-rich types of bread. 1. The effect of dietary fibre from bread on the mineral balance of young men

1. Twelve young adult male volunteers were given a low-fibre white bread diet (9 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF)/d) and a medium-fibre coarse-bran bread diet (22 g NDF/d), each lasting 20 d. In ad third period of 20 d the volunteers were subdivided in groups of four, consuming a high-fibre coarse-bran bread diet (35 g NDF/d), a medium-fibre fine-bran bread diet (22 g NDF/d, bran particle size less than 0.35 mm) or a wholemeal bread diet (22 g NDF/d). Retention of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper were determined during each 20 d period. 2. An increase of the amount of dietary fibre (through bran) from 9 g to 22 g NDF/d resulted in a significantly increased mineral intake, but also faecal excretion increased significantly; mineral retention remained almost constant. 3. Both intake and faecal excretion of all minerals studied, except faecal Ca, increased further (P less than 0.05) on the diet providing 35 g NDF/d; only Fe balance decreased significantly. No significant differences with respect to intake, excretion (except urinary Ca) and balance of the minerals could be detected between the coarse-bran bread and fine-bran bread diets providing 22 g NDF/d. Faecal Fe, Cu balance and Mg balance increased significantly during the wholemeal bread period compared to the coarse-bran bread diet providing 22 g NDF. 4. Serum cholesterol increased significantly, i.e. by 0.3 mmol/l, during the coarse-bran bread diet providing 22 g NDF, compared to the white-bread diet. 5. It is concluded that increasing the amount of bran in bread does not appear to affect mineral balance considerably but there seems to be an influence on mineral availability. The increased intake was accompanied by increased faecal excretion.     

阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎的疗效分析

目的 探讨阿奇霉素与红霉素联合治疗d,JL肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效.方法 将小儿肺炎支原体肺炎患儿63例,随机分为红霉素组、阿奇霉素组以及阿奇霉素联合红霉素组,每组各21例,比较三组的临床疗效.结果 阿奇霉素联合红霉素组的总有效率为95.2%(20/21),明显高于红霉素组(66.7%,14/21)和阿奇霉素组(71.4%,15/21)(x~2:5.56、4.29,P<0.05).结论 选用疗效好、不良反应较少的阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎是较为理想的选择,值得临床推广使用.     

抗结核药联用乌体林斯治疗肺结核疗效观察

目的　评价乌体林斯 (utilin's)菌苗在初治涂阳肺结核免疫治疗中的疗效和安全性。方法　采用简单随机表把 2 6 6例初治涂阳肺结核患者分入治疗组 (137例 )和对照组 (12 9例 )。治疗组的化疗方案为 3HRZ(E) /3HR/3H,并加用乌体林斯注射液治疗 6个月 ,对照组不加用乌体林斯。结果　治疗组和对照组痰菌阴转率 1个月分别为 39.1%、2 6 .2 % ,3个月分别为 73.7%、6 1.9% ,6个月分别为 87.2 %、77.0 % ,9个月分别为 97.7%、90 .5 % ,空洞关闭率治疗后 3个月分别为6 5 .0 %、4 2 .1% ,6个月分别为 82 .5 %、6 0 .5 % ,9个月分别为 95 .0 %、78.9% ,病灶改善率 1个月分别为 2 1.8%、10 .3% ,3个月分别为 6 8.4 %、5 3.2 % ,6个月分别为 82 .0 %、6 9.0 % ,9个月分别为94 .7%、86 .5 % ,两组比较痰菌阴转率 ,和病灶改善率等指标 ,治疗组优于对照组 ,两组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　免疫调节剂乌体林斯注射液在辅助抗结核化疗方面有一定的效果     

The hydrochemistry of peatland lakes as a result of the morphological characteristics of their basins

The physico-chemical water characteristics and basin morphology of 10 well-preserved Pomeranian peatland lakes were examined. These are acidic (pH 3.95–5.99), softwater (1.5 ±0.9 mg Ca dm^?3), and oligotrophic water bodies. Their hydrochemical conditions differentiate them into two groups: poor (3.04 ±2.77 mg C dm^?3) and rich (10.36 ±7.27 mg C dm^?3) in organic carbon compounds. They differ in water colour (p = 0.02), humic acid concentration (p<0.001), redox potential (p = 0.007), and irradiance (PAR; p = 0.03). The hydrochemistry of the lakes is determined by their basin morphology, which affects the water colour and the concentrations of humic acids and organic carbon compounds.     

流动人口孕妇被动吸烟现状及其对妊娠结局的影响

目的了解不同户籍孕妇被动吸烟现状、影响因素及其对不良妊娠结局及新生儿出生体重的影响。方法采用自愿参加的形式,对于2008年1月至2009年6月在浦江镇流动人口分娩点单胎活产分娩的产妇进行面对面的问卷调查（n=1020）。结果孕妇被动吸烟率84．90％;被动吸烟更多见于20岁以上人群;经产妇、文化水平低、经济状况差被动烟草暴露的比例高;妊娠期高血压、子痫前期更多见于被动吸烟对象;胎儿生长受限更多见于被动吸烟孕妇。结论被动吸烟能对妊娠结局造成不良影响,与新生儿体重过低有关,应加强城市流动人口孕产妇保健知识宣传教育。     

The influence of aflatoxins on child health in the tropics with particular reference to kwashiorkor

Aflatoxins are common environmental hazards in all the underdeveloped countries of the tropics where they commonly contaminate food. They are toxic to most species of animals and are among the most powerful carcinogenic agents known. The liver is the principal target for toxicity. Metabolic derangements caused by aflatoxins include depression of protein and enzyme synthesis, disorder of lipid metabolism and immunological suppression. The aetiology and pathogenesis of kwashiorkor remains somewhat obscure. Similarities in the geographical and climatic prevalence of kwashiorkor and aflatoxins and similarities in the metabolic derangements caused by aflatoxins and those observed in kwashiorkor, prompted investigation of the relationship between aflatoxin and kwashiorkor in the Sudan and elsewhere in Africa. Analysis of foods from markets and in homes revealed widespread aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins were found more frequently and at higher concentrations in the serum of children with kwashiorkor than in those with other types of malnutrition or in normal children. Aflatoxicol, a metabolite of aflatoxin B1 was detected in serum in kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor but not in normally nourished children and only once in marasmus. Autopsy liver samples from West and Southern Africa have shown aflatoxins in all cases of kwashiorkor but not in marasmus. These findings establish relationships between aflatoxin and kwashiorkor the nature of which remains obscure but includes the possibility of a causal association.     

心理干预对血液透析治疗的尿毒症患者负面心理和皮肤瘙痒的影响

目的探讨心理干预对左卡尼丁联合血液透析治疗的尿毒症患者负面心理和皮肤瘙痒的影响。方法采用随机数字法将94例左卡尼丁联合血液透析治疗的尿毒症患者分为对照组（n=46）和干预组（n=48）,对照组给予常规护理,干预组常规护理加以心理干预。运用心身症状自评量表（SCL-90）、Znug焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Znug焦虑自评量表（SDS）评价干预效果;并比较两组患者治疗前后皮肤瘙痒改善情况。结果对照组总有效率显著低于干预组（69.56%VS93.75%,χ2=9.274,P=0.002）;干预前,两组患者的SCL-90各项心理因子,SAS、SDS标准分无组间差异（P＜0.05）,干预后,干预组SCL-90各项心理因子得分均显著低于对照组（均P〈0.05）,SAS、SDS标准分在干预2周以及4周后显著低于对照组（均P〈0.05）。结论在左卡尼丁联合血液透析治疗尿毒症患者的过程中,给予心理干预,能够明显减轻皮肤瘙痒症状、明显消除负面情绪,提高患者生存质量。     

Evaluation of metallothionein as a biomarker of single and combined Cd/Cu exposure in Dreissena polymorpha

The effects of metal mixture (Cd+Cu) versus single-metal exposure on total MT response and bioaccumulation were investigated in the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha. A two-month exposure period, including two levels of contamination, was chosen for each of the two metals: 5, 10 microg/L for Cu, and 2, 20 microg/L for Cd, with mixtures of, respectively, 5 microg/L Cu+2 microg/L Cd, 5 microg/L Cu+20 microg/L Cd, 10 microg/L Cu+2 microg/L Cd, and 10 microg/L Cu+20 microg/L Cd. Total MT contents were assessed by an Ag-saturation method, and metals contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.Results at the whole-organism level showed a significant and early increase of total MT biosynthesis after exposure to Cd. This increase was significantly correlated with Cd bioaccumulation. By contrast, Cu did not modify total MT response, and mussels limited Cu bioaccumulation. The mixture either did not influence or only weakly influenced metal accumulation and MT response to Cu and Cd after long-term exposure. Our results suggest that the form of MT existing in D. polymorpha was not Cu-inducible. This could limit the use of MT in D. polymorpha as a biomarker of heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems.     

Monitoring a clinical trial with multiple hypotheses concerning the treatment effect on a single primary endpoint

In a number of clinical trials there is interest in testing more than one hypothesis concerning the treatment effect on a single primary endpoint. For instance, a sponsor of a trial to demonstrate that a test treatment (T) is non-inferior to an active control (R) may also be interested in showing that T is superior to R, if this is the case. Using the closed testing method for constructing tests of multiple hypotheses which control the multiple level of significance, we provide a framework for testing these hypotheses sequentially during a trial at pre-planned interim analyses.     

APN排班结合护士意愿的实施方法及效果

目的探讨APN排班模式结合护士意愿的实施方法及效果,从而提高护士对护理管理的满意度。方法对传统排班方法进行改革,实行APN连续排班;同时,由以前的护士长安排班次模式改变为满足护士意愿进行排班。结果实行APN排班后,护士和患者的满意度均有提高（P〈0．05）;满足护士意愿进行排班在开始实行的不同时间段内护士满意度有差异（P〈0．05）。结论APN排班能适应新的护理模式的发展;同时满足护士意愿融入APN排班方法,能充分调动护士的工作热情,是本科迄今探索的最好排班模式。     

托烷司琼联合舒必利对顺铂方案化疗所致恶心、呕吐的影响

目的探讨托烷司琼联合舒必利治疗顺铂方案化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效和安全性,进一步探讨对胃动素及胃泌素的影响。方法将84例接受顺铂方案治疗并出现恶心、呕吐的患者按随机排列表法分为研究组（44例）和对照组（40例）,两组患者都给予盐酸托烷司琼静脉推注,研究组同时口服舒必利。观察两种治疗方案的疗效、不良反应及对胃动素和胃泌素的影响。结果研究组和对照组防治化疗所致的急性恶心的完全控制率分别为59．09％（26／44）和37．50％（15／40）,有效率分别为90．91％（30／44）和72．50％（29／40）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;研究组和对照组防治化疗所致的急性呕吐的完全控制率分别为61．36％（27／44）和37．50％（15,40）,有效率分别为88．64％（39／44）和67．50％（27／40）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;研究组和对照组防治化疗所致的延迟性恶心的完全控制率分别为54．54％（24／44）和32．50％（13／40）,有效率分别为79．55％（35／44）和57．50％（23／40）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;研究组和对照组防治化疗所致的延迟性呕吐的完全控制率分别为45．45％（20／44）和22．50％（9／40）,有效率分别为75．00％（33／44）和52．50％（21／40）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。研究组和对照组治疗后血浆胃动素较治疗前明显降低[（308．35±14．59）ng/L比（370．59±15．72）ng/L和（341．87±18．38）ng,L比（365．36±23．72）ng/L],血浆胃泌素较治疗前明显升高[（206．97±12．29）ng／L比（164．56±14．17）ng/L和（171．58±13．53）ng/L比（158．42±17．29）ng/L],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,且两组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组药物不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论托烷司琼联合舒必利能比常规使用托烷司琼获得更好的止吐效果。     

35万吨铜熔炼扩产项目职业病危害预评价

通过职业卫生学调查和现场测试,某页岩煤矸石烧结多孔砖工程项目矽尘、CO、SO2、噪声等指标均合格,高温有部分测定点不合格,提示职业卫生防护措施基本可行,大部分检测指标符合国家卫生标准。     

The combined effect of psychotherapy and fluoxetine on obesity]

Obesity as psychosomatic disease is a mass phenomenon. The number of obese males (BMI > 30) became doubled in the last ten years. In the etiology of obesity play an important role the reactive obesity. In the background of "yo-yo syndrome" often could be found depression, or other psychotic disorder. The low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, tension, anxiety disorders is well-known in a slimming diet. Obese subjects (n = 29) who were admitted on their request with a view to losing weight were examined (Hamilton Depressive Scala, Hamilton Anxietas Scala, Eating Attitude Test) Physical Conditioning and internal Medicine Department of National Sports Medicine Institute, Budapest. Among obesities with mild and severe depression as treatment of somatic complications was used fluoxetine, in severe cases and depression with severe anxiety was associated with supportive or cognitive-behavioral treatment. The prevalence of binge eating disorders were at 57% and bulimia nervosa was at 3% in using population (n = 29). Decreasing of anxiety and grade of depression significantly correlated with body mass index (p < 0.023, F = 1.997, p < 0.034, F = 3.131). The treatment of fluoxetine significantly correlated with body mass index (T1: p < 0.023, T2: p < 0.03, T3: p < 0.004). The patients indicated their well being as fluoxetine reduced eating, satiety and lower binges.