啮齿类实验动物垫料的质量控制

实验动物垫料是一种可控制的影响动物健康、动物实验结果和动物福利国际公认重要的环境因素之一。本文以提出我国啮齿类实验动物接触性垫料质量评估体系为目的，通过查阅文献、资料，调查访等，发现影响实验动物垫料质量的因素主要有垫料原材料类型，垫料的化学成分、垫料是否受到杀虫剂、重金属、微生物污染，动物是否喜欢以及舒适性、吸收性，垫料的形状、规格，以及垫料的加工、灭菌、包装、运输和储存等。分析、研究结果显示，评估啮齿类实验动物垫料质量三个最重要的指标是：垫料吸收动物粪尿和氨的能力要强、对动物和研究人员没有危害、使用垫料有利于改善动物福利。垫料质量评估（检测）和控制应从垫料的化学特性、物理特性和微生物特性等三个方面展开。为我国实验动物生产和动物实验标准化提供了重要参考。     

啮齿类实验动物垫料的质量控制

实验动物垫料是一种可控制的影响动物健康、动物实验结果和动物福利国际公认重要的环境因素之一。本文以提出我国啮齿类实验动物接触性垫料质量评估体系为目的,通过查阅文献、资料,调查访等,发现影响实验动物垫料质量的因素主要有垫料原材料类型,垫料的化学成分、垫料是否受到杀虫剂、重金属、微生物污染,动物是否喜欢以及舒适性、吸收性,垫料的形状、规格,以及垫料的加工、灭菌、包装、运输和储存等。分析、研究结果显示,评估啮齿类实验动物垫料质量三个最重要的指标是:垫料吸收动物粪尿和氨的能力要强、对动物和研究人员没有危害、使用垫料有利于改善动物福利。垫料质量评估(检测)和控制应从垫料的化学特性、物理特性和微生物特性等三个方面展开。为我国实验动物生产和动物实验标准化提供了重要参考。     

动物笼具和垫料蒸汽灭菌条件的优化

目的评估几种动物笼具和动物垫料的高压灭菌效果,为安全操作提供依据。方法分别用三种方法高压动物笼具和垫料,用压力蒸汽灭菌化学指示卡和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(ATCC 7953)3MTM压力蒸汽灭菌生物指示剂做为指示高压灭菌效果的指标。结果整包垫料高压,垫料干燥效果不好;直接分装到笼具中高压,灭菌效果不稳定;垫料整包高压后,分装到笼具中再次高压,灭菌效果好,垫料干燥。结论单独高压整包垫料,之后将垫料按实际使用量铺放在笼具里进行再次灭菌的方法效果最好,且垫料干燥。     

组合型防病鼠盒及其架具的研究

实验动物小鼠目前均采用园罐式或方盒式的笼具(旧式鼠盘)饲养，必须用手取鼠倒盒才能完成更换垫料的操作，若一盒内的动物携带病原微生物，极易导致鼠群的接触性交叉感染而引起疾病传播。     

笼具及饲养密度对实验动物福利的影响

1　笼具的材质对实验动物福利的影响目前使用的实验动物笼具,有的是用金属材料制成的,有的用人工合成材料制成的。如果这些材料中含有过量的重金属或者其他有毒、有害成分,则对实验动物的健康造成损害。某些人工合成的材料,对人或动物有致癌作用。某些人工合成的材料散发异味,这些异味会产生不良的生理反应。因此,在选择实验动物笼具材料时,必须选择无毒、无味,耐酸碱腐蚀的材料制作。2　笼具结构和加工质量对实验动物福利的影响21　笼具的内部结构　笼具的内部结构表面不应有容易造成动物的外伤的锐边、尖角、焊渣、毛刺等。22　笼具的底部…     

喜马拉雅旱獭实验笼具的设计与应用

目的 通过开展喜马拉雅旱獭动物实验,探讨建立适宜的喜马拉雅旱獭饲养和动物实验用笼具.方法 在旱獭饲养和进行动物实验的工作中,不断探索、改进,设计了不锈钢旱獭专用饲养和动物实验笼具.结果 设计了较为科学的适合喜马拉雅旱獭饲养和动物实验用的笼具,解决了实验用旱獭的饲养管理和动物实验问题,为旱獭动物模型建立和动物实验工作提供了动物实验笼具.结论 设计的喜马拉雅旱獭实验笼具已经得到有效应用.     

实验动物的环境与福利

实验动物在生物科学研究领域中的应用不断发展,其饲养环境和福利保障的问题已越来越被国际所关注.实验动物的环境与福利不仅是对动物本身的保护,更重要的是对动物试验结果的保证.本文详细论述了大环境(温度、湿度、气流等方面)及小环境( 笼具、饲养密度、垫料)对实验动物福利的影响,通过总结国内外的研究概况,旨为我国改善和提高实验动物的福利提出一些思路.     

两种新型实验动物垫料的性状研究

目的测定新开发的实验动物垫料玉米秸、麦秸的物理性状及卫生指标,探索其定型生产的合理流程。方法对玉米秸、麦秸进行合理加工,测定并比较玉米秸、麦秸、刨花的物理性状、化学污染物含量及携带的微生物数量。结果3种垫料的化学污染物指标均低于我国实验动物配合饲料卫生标准的要求。经预真空高压灭菌后垫料中菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门菌数、真菌数等微生物指标均小于我国配合饲料卫生标准的要求。经预真空高压灭菌后3种垫料刨花、麦秸、玉米秸的含水量平均为(7.52±0.15)%、(7.60±0.13)%、(7.28±0.13)%。吸湿性分别为(290.94±62.58)%(、414.44±81.21)%(、325.84±78.11)%。结论新开发的实验动物垫料麦秸、玉米秸合乎实验动物垫料的性能要求,适合用于啮齿类实验动物饲养。     

树鼩独立换气笼具的设计

目的设计研究一种满足于树鼩感染性疾病动物模型实验生物安全要求的独立换气专用隔离笼具。方法根据树鼩的生物学特性、实验生物安全要求及有关实验动物笼具标准进行设计。结果该笼舍完全适用于感染性疾病实验树鼩的饲养和实验操作。结论该笼具能达到维护实验动物福利,保证实验动物质量,保障人身健康,保护环境的要求,对于使用树鼩开展人类重大传染病研究具有广泛的应用价值和市场前景。     

实验动物垫料毒性安全评价进展

垫料（Laboratory animal bedding）是影响实验动物健康与实验结果的重要因素之一。目前使用的垫料主要有刨（shaving）、锯末（sawdust）、玉米芯（corncob）、再生纸（recycled-paper）、秸秆（straws）、果壳（hulls）及其他纤维类材料（plant fiber andother）等。本文从实验动物垫料原材料毒性、抽提物毒性、以及垫料对实验动物生长繁殖的影响几个方面进行了分析，认为杨木和玉米芯是比较理想的垫料原料。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.