老年急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术的围手术期处理

目的 总结老年急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术的围手术期处理体会.方法 回顾性分析2000年至2007年我院收治的136例老年急性胆囊炎病人的临床资料,对年龄、合并症、发病至手术时间、术前准备及术中、术后处理等影响预后的相关因素进行分析.结果 127例成功完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术,中转开腹9例,均痊愈出院.住院时间4～15d(平均6.7d).结论 严格掌握手术适应证和禁忌证,合理地围手术期处理,有效控制并存疾病,术中细致操作以及适时中转开腹是安全实施胆囊切除术和减少并发症的关键.     

不同手术方法治疗老年急性化脓性胆囊炎患者临床疗效和安全性分析

目的 分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统开腹胆囊切除术治疗老年急性化脓性胆囊炎患者的疗效和安全性,为急性化脓性胆囊炎的治疗提供经验依据。方法 选取2010年2月～2015年6月就诊于我院的老年急性化脓性胆囊炎患者67例,行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗者34例,行传统开腹胆囊切除术治疗者33例。在Excel表格记录患者切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹、术后首次肛门排气时间、引流管拔除时间、术后不同时间疼痛程度、术后住院时间、并发症发生情况,应用SPSS 20.0软件行统计学分析。结果 1例接受腹腔镜手术患者因腹腔粘连和术中出血难以控制而中转开腹,开腹组1例术后因感染性休克死亡,66例患者获得治愈;腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、引流管拔除时间分别为（55.6±15.4） min、（65.6±23.6） ml、（7.5±2.3） d、（2.4±1.3） d,显著优于开腹组的【（61.8±16.49) min、(103.9±35.6） ml、（14.3±2.9） d、（3.7±1.5） d,P<0.05】;术后第1、3、5、7 d,腹腔镜组疼痛评分分别为（5.9±1.3）、（4.4±1.1）、（3.1±0.8）、（1.5±0.8）,显著优于开腹组的【（7.5±1.8）、（6.6±1.5）、（3.9±1.1）、（2.8±0.9）,P<0.05】;腹腔镜组并发症发生率为18%,显著低于开腹组的39%（P<0.05）。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统开腹胆囊切除术均是老年急性化脓性胆囊炎安全有效的治疗方法,但腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有切口小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少等优势。     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗老年右半结肠癌的疗效及对术后炎症状态和免疫功能影响的对比观察

目的对比观察腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗老年右半结肠癌的疗效以及对患者术后炎症状态和免疫功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2017-01～2018-06该院收治的75例老年右半结肠癌患者,根据术式不同分为开腹手术组和腹腔镜手术组,其中腹腔镜手术组36例,开腹手术组39例。比较两组患者手术效果、术后炎症状态和T细胞亚群的变化。结果腹腔镜手术组手术时间、手术切口长度以及术中出血量均明显低于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。腹腔镜手术组血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平低于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术后1 d,两组患者CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+水平均明显下降,且腹腔镜手术组下降幅度明显低于开腹手术组,术后CD8+水平明显升高,且腹腔镜手术组升高幅度明显低于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗右半结肠癌近期疗效更好、患者术后炎症反应轻、对免疫功能影响较小,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术对机体应激及免疫功能的影响

目的：比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ LC）与开腹胆囊切除术（ OC）对机体应激和免疫功能的影响。方法选择慢性胆囊炎伴胆囊结石患者78例,根据手术方案不同分为LC组、OC组各39例。比较两组术前及术后2 d机体应激和免疫功能指标的变化。结果与术前比较,LC组术后各指标（除WBC外）比较均无统计学差异。与术前及LC组术后比较,OC组术后CRP、FPG、IL-6、WBC、中性粒细胞水平升高,IgA、IgG、IgM水平降低（ P均＜0．05）。结论 LC术后对机体应激反应的影响小于OC,且对机体免疫功能无明显影响。     

影响急性结石性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜手术中转开腹的因素分析

目的 探索影响急性结石性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜手术中转开腹的因素.方法 本次研究对象为63例急性结石性胆囊炎患者,对照组在发病后48 h实施手术,观察组在发病后48小时内实施手术.结果 观察组手术时间(37.69±4.58)min、术中出血量(67.84±6.32)mL优于对照组,并发症率(2.50%)、中转开腹率(2.50%)低于对照组(P<0.05).实施中转开腹患者白细胞计数(14.86±2.19)×109/L、胆囊壁厚度(5.87±1.63)mm、手术时机48小时后率(90.00%)、出现胆囊壁颈部结石嵌顿率(80.00%)高于未实施中转开腹(P<0.05).结论 胆囊壁颈部存在结石嵌顿、体温、胆囊壁厚度、手术时机、白细胞计数是导致急性结石性胆囊炎患者中转开腹的主要因素.     

老年急性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术138例临床分析

随着人口结构渐趋老龄化,老年急性胆囊炎发病率也在逐年升高。由于老年患者各脏器功能减退,合并有其他系统的慢性疾病,病情复杂、进展快,故导致开腹手术风险大,手术并发症和病死率亦高。而腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)创伤小,恢复快,     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对老年患者免疫功能的影响

[目的]比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术对老年患者免疫功能的影响。[方法]随机选择择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的80例患者,按年龄分为老年组(≥60岁)与中青年组(60岁)。测定并分析2组术前及术后第1、3、7天外周血白细胞、淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞及其亚群的数量。[结果]中青年组术后第1天表现出CD3、CD4T淋巴细胞数量下降的趋势,术后第3天恢复正常;而老年组在术后第3天表现出CD3和CD4T淋巴细胞数量下降,术后第7天恢复到术前水平。[结论]腹腔镜胆囊切除术对不同年龄患者机体免疫功能的影响存在差异。老年患者由于自身免疫系统机能的减退,较易出现"反应延迟"现象。     

腹腔镜微创术治疗老年直肠癌患者的疗效

消化道恶性肿瘤中,直肠癌发病率仅次于胃癌、食道癌,是大肠部位最常见的肿瘤.目前,对直肠癌的主要治疗方法为手术干预,近年来腹腔镜技术在直肠癌手术中的重要性日益凸显[1].本文探讨直肠癌患者行腹腔镜微创治疗的临床疗效. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料纳入我院2008年3月至2012年3月收治的154例直肠癌患者,按随机数字表分为微创组94例及传统组60例,纳入研究对象在入院时积极行疾病相关辅助检查,争取早期明确诊断,制定患者个性化治疗计划.两组患者间临床资料(性别、年龄、病程、Dukes分级手术方式)比较见表1.     

腹腔镜手术对老年结直肠癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨老年结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术前后免疫功能的变化.方法 对我院60岁以上结直肠癌病人50例分成试验组(腹腔镜组)25例,对照组(开腹组)25例,进行手术前后非特异性免疫及特异性免疫的检测.结果 术后白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP),试验组与对照组相比数值升高较小,而自然杀伤细胞,试验组与对照组相比数值下降较少,但显著显著(P＜0.05);T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、辅助T淋巴细胞、T抑制细胞数值下降,试验组与对照组相比无显著差别.结论 腹腔镜手术较开腹手术对非特异性免疫影响较小,而对特异性免疫无明显影响.     

老年急性胆囊炎的超声显像评分与临床严重程度的关系

目的探讨老年急性胆囊炎的超声显像评分与临床严重程度的关系,为临床提供病变严重度的量化指标,为治疗提供参考。方法72例老年急性胆囊炎按临床表现分为轻、中、重度,根据术前超声检测的指标（胆囊增大,囊壁增厚、壁“双边”影、囊腔内结石、结石嵌顿、囊液有回声、囊周积液或黏连）进行评分,评估其对急性胆囊炎病情严重程度的预测及其术前指导价值。结果72例中轻度36例、中度21例、重度15例;胆囊肿大、囊壁增厚、双边影、囊液有回声、囊周积液或黏连以中、重度为主,与轻度相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;评分≤5者28例,以轻度为主,占92．9％（26／28）,评分6～9分患者中以中度为主,占57．7％（15／26）,≥10分的患者以重度为主,占72．2％（13／18）,超声显像评分与术中所见高度相符。3组接受胆囊造瘘病例数比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论超声显像评分可为老年急性胆囊炎临床严重度提供量化指标,对临床治疗具有指导意义,也可作为选择手术时机的参考依据。     

地佐辛对老年患者肠道术后胃肠运动功能恢复的影响

[目的]探讨地佐辛对于老年患者肠道术后胃肠运动功能的影响及应用价值.[方法]选择在我院行肠道手术治疗的老年患者108例,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予吗啡镇痛,观察组给予地佐辛镇痛,观察2组患者术后胃肠道运动功能的恢复情况.[结果]观察组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、排便时间和术后住院时间均短于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组术后3d胃动素浓度、胃泌素浓度提高幅度优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.2组术后不良反应比较差异无统计学意义.[结论]地佐辛应用在老年肠道手术患者中可以缩短患者肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、排便时间以及术后住院时间,有效提升患者胃动素和胃泌素浓度水平,不增加患者不良反应,值得临床推广使用.     

老年人急性胆囊炎86例临床分析

目的探讨老年人急性胆囊炎临床特点,提高对该病的认识,降低该病的病死率。方法通过对86例经手术和病理证实的老年急性胆囊炎病例和同期非手术治疗34例的临床资料分析对比,寻求该病治疗的有效方法和手术时机。结果手术组痊愈80例,好转2例,死亡4例,病死率4.6%。非手术组34例,好转29例,死亡5例,病死率14.7%。结论主张对老年急性胆囊炎应早期积极手术治疗,不提倡过分强调先用非手术控制后转为择期手术的做法。     

A retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and mortality risks in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis and cholangitis

<正>Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and explore the risk predictors on mortality in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis and cholangitis. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of elderly patients hospitalized in the Second Medical Center of General Libera-     

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy for acute complicated cholecystitis in elderly patients

We report our experience with percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy in 10 elderly patients with acute cholecystitis, complicated by empyema formation. Most of these patients has severe underlying disease, rendering them at high risk for surgical intervention. In all patients, the percutaneous procedure was followed by a rapid regression of clinical symptoms and of radiologic abnormalities. Six were considered inoperable. Three of these remain free of biliary symptoms, respectively 22, 10, and 7 months after percutaneous cholecystostomy. Three others died of nonbiliary disease 1-4 months after cholecystostomy. Three patients underwent successful elective cholecystostomy 1-5 wk after percutaneous cholecystostomy. In one patient, cholecystectomy had to be performed because of recurrence of hydrops, 1 wk after catheter removal. In our opinion, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of elderly patients with acute complicated cholecystitis. It can be followed by elective cholecystectomy in good surgical candidates, or by an expectant conservative management in high surgical risk patients.     

The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis: A retrospective study

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is a perioperative management theory aimed at reducing the injury of surgical patients and accelerating postoperative recovery. It has been widely recognized and applied in elective surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the ERAS protocol during the perioperative period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the ERAS protocol during the perioperative period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis. We collected medical data from 126 elderly patients with acute cholecystitis from October 2018 to August 2021. Among the 126 patients, 70 were included in the ERAS group and 56 in the traditional group. We analyzed the clinical data and postoperative indicators of the 2 groups. No significant differences were observed regarding the general characteristics of the 2 groups (P > .05). The ERAS group had significantly earlier time to first flatus, time to first ambulation, and time to solid intake, compared with the traditional group (P < .001); additionally, the ERAS group had significantly shorter stay and gentler feeling of postoperative pain (P < .001). Furthermore, the ERAS group had significant incidences of lower postoperative lung (P = .029) and abdominal cavity infection (P = .025) compared to the traditional group. No significant difference was observed regarding the incidences of other postoperative complications between the 2 groups (P > .05). The ERAS protocol helps reduce elderly patients’ stress reactions and accelerate postoperative recovery. Thus, it is effective and beneficial to implement the ERAS protocol during the perioperative period of elderly patients with acute cholecystitis.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的效果及预后

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术对急性胆囊炎(AC)患者术中、术后恢复情况及术后血清脂多糖(LPS)、淀粉酶(AMY)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平变化的影响。方法选取2015年12月-2017年5月咸阳市中心医院收治的98例AC患者进行回顾性分析,根据不同术式分为观察组(n=49)与对照组(n=49)。对照组行传统开腹胆囊切除术,观察组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。对比两组术中及术后恢复情况(手术切口长度、手术用时、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间及住院时间)、手术前及术后72 h血清LPS、AMY、ACTH水平、免疫功能[T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+)]和术后并发症发生率。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。结果与对照组比较,观察组手术切口短、手术用时少、术中出血量低、下床活动及住院时间短(t值分别为26.782、2.950、28.997、11.559、14.678,P值均<0.05),随访1个月后并发症发生率低(8.16%vs 22.45%,χ2=9.137,P=0.002);手术前两组血清LPS、AMY、ACTH水平及CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),术后72 h,观察组LPS、AMY、ACTH明显低于对照组(t值分别为8.762、5.370、3.607,P值均<0.001),CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+明显高于对照组(t值分别为5.604、6.611、12.025,P值均<0.001)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗AC疗效显著,可有效改善血清LPS、AMY水平,且对免疫功能影响相对较小,有利于减轻术后应激反应、降低并发症发生率。     

The impact of the Japanese clinical guidelines on the clinical management of patients with acute cholecystitis

Background/purpose

The Japanese clinical guidelines for treating acute cholecystitis (AC), proposed in 2005, provide criteria not only for diagnosis, but also for management depending on the severity of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess how the Japanese guidelines for AC have impacted the clinical situation in Japan.

Methods

A postal questionnaire was sent to the councillors of the Japanese Society of Abdominal Emergency Medicine three times to ascertain the impact of the Japanese guidelines for AC. We surveyed 291 councillors one year before publication of the guidelines (2004), 279 councillors one year after publication (2006), and 191 councillors six years after publication (2011).

Results

The response rate was 72.5 % one year before publication of the guidelines, 51.9 % one year later and 69.1 % six years after publication. Early cholecystectomy was used by 41.7 % of the respondents one year before publication, while 57.3 % of the respondents used this treatment one year after publication and 62.3 % of the respondents used it six years after publication. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was used by 79.1 % of the respondents one year before the guidelines were published, while 87.3 % of the respondents used it one year after publication and 90 % of the respondents reported its use six years after publication.

Conclusions

The Japanese guidelines for AC are increasingly used and have changed the clinical management of patients with AC. The use of early and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treating patients with AC has been increasingly adopted in Japan.     

老年急性阑尾炎患者行开腹切除术与腹腔镜切除术的临床疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜切除术与开腹切除术治疗老年急性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法选择该院2013-01~2015-10期间收治65岁以上老年急性阑尾炎并已实施手术患者50例,并根据所选的手术方式,分为腹腔镜阑尾炎手术组(LA组)25例,传统开腹手术组(OA组)25例,记录两组术中及术后相关指标并作数据分析。结果与LA组比较,OA组的手术时间较长,术中出血量较多,切口长度及住院时间较长(P0.01),但综合就医费用较少(P0.01);OA组的术后镇痛药使用和并发症发生率较高(P0.05)。结论老年急性阑尾患者行腹腔镜阑尾炎切除手术具有创伤小、出血少、住院时间短、术后并发症少、镇痛药使用少等优势,值得在临床上推广应用。