丙酸氟替卡松治疗哮喘预测指数阳性喘息婴幼儿的疗效观察

目的观察丙酸氟替卡松治疗哮喘预测指数阳性喘息婴幼儿的疗效。方法选择该院儿科门诊及住院诊断为哮喘预测指数阳性的喘息婴幼儿作为研究对象,共100例。按随机号码表法分为研究组50例和对照组50例,两组急性期均接受沙丁胺醇气雾剂吸入治疗。缓解期研究组接受丙酸氟替卡松预防治疗,对照组不接受丙酸氟替卡松治疗干预。对研究组和对照组3个月、6个月、9个月时喘息发生率、急诊/住院率进行比较。在两组患儿5岁时回访,计算两组患儿哮喘诊断率。结果 (1)研究组3个月、6个月、9个月喘息发生率、急诊/住院率分别为22%、12%、4%、6%,对照组分别为30%、20%、18%、24%,两组比较差异有统计学意义。研究组和对照组哮喘诊断率分别为16%和44%,差异有统计学意义。结论丙酸氟替卡松能明显减轻婴幼儿喘息发作程度,减少喘息发作次数。     

婴幼儿喘息性疾病呼出气一氧化氮浓度与EOS、FEV_1关系

目的探讨婴幼儿喘息性疾病诊疗中呼出气一氧化氮浓度与EOS、FEV_1关系。方法选取患有喘息性疾病的患儿45例作为哮喘组,支气管肺炎35例作为肺炎组,选取同时期在本院体检的健康幼儿45例作为对照组,对三组患儿进行呼出气一氧化氮浓度和肺功能检测,对Fe NO、EOS、FEV_1%、s Ig E水平进行统计分析,采用流式细胞仪检测三组对象外周血单个核细胞内细胞分化抗原(Mac-1)和淋巴细胞功能相关抗原(LFA-1)表达情况,ELISA法检测三组血清白介素(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)及鸟白三烯E4(LTE4)水平情况。结果三组患儿Fe NO、s Ig E、EOS水平对比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);哮喘患儿Fe NO水平与s Ig E和EOS呈正相关(r=0.682,P=0.017),Fe NO水平与FEV_1%、EOS和FEV_1%、FEV_1%和s Ig E都没有明显相关性(r=﹣0.105、﹣0.019、﹣0.867,P=0.154、0.206、0.118);哮喘组患儿外周血LFA-1与Mac-1表达水平均高于肺炎组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);哮喘组患儿血清LTE4、IL-4水平高于肺炎组和对照组,INF-γ水平低于肺炎组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论检测哮喘患儿的Fe NO、s Ig E、EOS、FEV_1%水平不仅可以鉴别过敏性感染和普通感染,而且给哮喘病情的评估和治疗方案的及时调整提供了科学参考依据。     

哮喘儿童呼出气一氧化氮检测的临床应用

目的通过监测哮喘儿童急性发作期与慢性持续期呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide,Fe NO)水平变化,了解其在儿童哮喘病情严重程度评估及治疗过程中的指导作用,探讨儿童哮喘在疾病不同时期Fe NO水平与气道炎症之间的关联性。方法选取87例儿科门诊的5~12岁哮喘儿童,其中轻度哮喘组45例(男性28例,女性17例);中-重度哮喘组42例(男性25例,女性17例)。使用无锡尚沃生物科技有限公司生产的SV-e NO-01纳库仑一氧化氮检测器,Sunvou-D100纳库仑呼气分析仪,分别于急性发作期及经治疗4周后的哮喘儿童进行Fe NO水平检测,同步完成哮喘控制测试(ACT)评分。结果 (1)哮喘儿童治疗前Fe NO平均水平为(43.52±27.52)ppb,明显高于治疗后的(19.33±13.98)ppb和健康对照组的(7.89±3.06)ppb,差异有统计学意义(P均0.01)。治疗4周后哮喘儿童的Fe NO平均水平仍高于健康对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(2)轻度哮喘组治疗前Fe NO平均水平为(28.49±14.99)ppb,高于健康对照组(P0.01);中-重度哮喘组治疗前Fe NO平均水平为(59.97±29.37)ppb,明显高于轻度哮喘组和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.01)。(3)治疗后,轻度哮喘组Fe NO平均水平为(13.77±7.19)ppb,与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。而中-重度哮喘组治疗后Fe NO平均水平为(27.84±16.98)ppb,虽然下降但仍高于健康对照组(P0.01)。(4)哮喘儿童Fe NO平均水平变化与ACT评分呈负相关性,r急性发作期=-0.706,r慢性持续期=-0.566,P均=0.000。结论儿童哮喘急性发作期Fe NO水平增高,以中-重度急性发作尤其明显,哮喘规范治疗后Fe NO水平下降,其对哮喘临床诊断和治疗方案制定有实用意义。     

不同孟鲁司特钠方案预防特应质喘息性支气管炎患儿发作的研究

目的观察并探讨不同孟鲁司特钠服药方案预防特异质喘息性支气管炎患儿喘息及哮喘发作的临床疗效。方法入选2012年1月~2014年6月收治的150例喘息性支气管炎患儿为研究对象,患儿治疗稳定后根据随机数字表分为3个月服药组、6个月服药组和对照组,每组各50例,3个月服药组给予口服孟鲁司特钠3个月预防性服药方案,6个月服药组给予口服孟鲁司特钠6个月服药方案,对照组不给于药物干预,随访6个月后采血检测血清IgE、白三烯E4等炎性介质,比较三组随访期间喘息及哮喘发生率。结果随访6个月后三组患儿血清IgE、LTE4、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10浓度差异显著(P0.05),6月组上述指标均低于3月组,3月组均低于对照组,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访3个月、6个月时三组患儿喘息发生率与哮喘发生率差异显著(P0.05);对照组喘息与哮喘发生率均高于两个服药组,3个月服药物喘息与哮喘发作率略高于6个月组,两个服药组喘息与哮喘发作率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对稳定期特应质喘息性支气管炎患儿预防性口服孟鲁司特钠能有效降低喘息与哮喘发生率,6个月服药方案较3个月方案具有比较优势。     

呼出一氧化氮水平与反复喘息婴幼儿哮喘预测指数、血免疫球蛋白E水平的关系

目的探讨呼出一氧化氮(FeNO)水平与反复喘息婴幼儿哮喘预测指数(API)、血免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平的关系。方法选取2015年10月至2016年10月收集我院呼吸科病房住院的反复喘息(既往喘息≥2次)婴幼儿68例为研究对象(观察组),测定患儿喘息急性期、喘息缓解24小时后、出院1月呼出气一氧化氮浓度,抽血化验血清总IgE水平,并选取同期在我院心外科、胸外科、泌尿外科术前6月～3岁患儿36例纳入对照组,测定呼出气一氧化氮浓度及血清总IgE水平,探讨呼出NO水平与反复喘息婴幼儿哮喘预测指数、血IgE水平的关系。结果对照组患儿FeNO、IgE、白介素-17(IL-17)水平均显著低于观察组各时期(喘息急性期、喘息缓解24小时后、出院1月)患儿,但最大呼气量(PEF)、一分钟用力呼气量(FEV_1)明显高于观察组各时期(喘息急性期、喘息缓解24小时后、出院1月)患儿(P0.05),喘息急性期、喘息缓解24小时后、出院1月患儿FeNO、IgE、IL-17水平呈现递减趋势,PEF、FEV_1呈现递增趋势;68例患者中API阳性者34例,API阴性者26例,且API阳性者FeNO、IgE水平均显著高于API阴性者(P0.05);反复喘息婴幼儿FeNO与API、IgE水平均呈正相关(P0.05);反复喘息婴幼儿PEF、FEV_1与FeNO、IgE、IL-17水平均呈负相关(P0.05)。结论反复喘息婴幼儿FeNO、API、IgE有增高趋势,且FeNO与API、IgE存在正相关,而FeNO、IgE、IL-17与患儿肺功能指标PEF、FEV_1也有一定关系,提示对反复喘息婴幼儿进行FeNO、API、IgE、IL-17检测,可为其尽早长期诊治提供依据。     

细菌溶解产物胶囊对哮喘预测指数阳性患儿免疫功能及喘息控制水平的影响

目的探讨细菌溶解产物胶囊对哮喘预测指数阳性喘息患儿免疫功能及喘息控制水平的影响。方法选自我院于2014年1月至2018年6月期间门诊诊治的哮喘预测指数阳性喘息患儿74例,按照随机表法分为对照组37例与观察组37例。两组患者根据病因采取针对治疗,按照病情止咳平喘。对照组患儿给予布地奈德混悬液治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合细菌溶解产物胶囊。两组疗程均为12周。比较两组疗效,治疗前后日间症状和夜间症状评分、免疫球蛋白水平变化,及随访6个月复发情况。结果观察组总有效率(97.30%)高于对照组(75.68%)(P0.05)。两组治疗后日间症状和夜间症状积分较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义(观察组:t=13.359、13.231,对照组:t=9.673、11.876,P0.05);观察组治疗后日间症状和夜间症状积分低于对照组(t=9.603、9.000,P0.05)。两组治疗后IgA、IgG和IgM较治疗前升高,差异具有统计学意义(观察组:t=11.871、14.902、15.574,对照组:t=6.221、8.908、9.501,P0.05);观察组治疗后IgA、IgG和IgM高于对照组(t=4.892、10.026、6.080,P0.05)。观察组随访6个月复发率(8.11%)低于对照组(27.03%)(P0.05)。结论细菌溶解产物胶囊对哮喘预测指数阳性喘息患儿疗效良好,可增强患儿免疫功能,可减轻喘息日间症状和夜间症状,值得临床借鉴。     

FeNO动态测定在哮喘预测指数阳性反复喘息患儿吸入治疗中的临床意义

目的探讨呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)在哮喘预测指数阳性反复喘息患儿中的动态变化特点及临床意义。方法采用病例对照研究方法,对哮喘预测指数阳性的150例喘息患儿在好转出院后,是否继续吸入糖皮质激素而分为病例组与对照组。分别于出院后4周、8周、12周、16周、20周、24周行呼出气一氧化氮监测。结果病例组患儿在治疗后4周、8周、12周、16周时FeNO数值显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),20周、24周FeNO数值低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),病例组急性发作例数远少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 FeNO可以间接反映婴幼儿喘息患儿气道炎症水平及程度,哮喘预测指数阳性患儿发生喘息后气道高反应性可持续近16周,早期吸入糖皮质激素干预治疗可以降低气道炎症水平,防止反复气喘发作。     

老年支气管哮喘患者FeNO与肺功能的相关性

目的探讨老年支气管哮喘患者呼出气一氧化氮(Fe NO)水平与肺功能的相关性。方法对68例老年哮喘患者给予吸入舒利迭和异丙托溴铵喷雾剂,疗程为1个月。比较50例健康体检者及哮喘患者治疗前、治疗后Fe NO、肺功能变化,采用哮喘控制测试(ACT)评分评价其疗效。结果与对照组比较,哮喘组治疗前Fe NO、Eos、N水平明显升高,各肺功能指标明显下降(P0.05);治疗后,各指标均明显改善(P0.05),PEF、FEV1、Eos、N基本恢复至对照组水平(P0.05);治疗后完全控制组、部分控制组各项指标均优于未控制组,完全控制组Fe NO、Eos、N水平均明显低于部分控制组(P0.05);治疗前,哮喘组患者Fe NO水平与Eos、N呈正相关(P0.05),与肺功能指标呈负相关(P0.05),但治疗后,Fe NO水平与Eos、N呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 Fe NO水平在哮喘患者中明显升高,结合肺功能检查,有助于提高老年哮喘的诊断及治疗水平。     

支气管哮喘患者呼出气一氧化氮与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞的相关性

目的观察支气管哮喘患者呼出气一氧化氮(Fe NO)的表达水平,分析其与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)之间的相关性。方法收集2013年2月-2014年12月期间贵州省人民医院支气管哮喘患者58例,其中支气管哮喘急性发作期40例(急性发作期组),支气管哮喘缓解期18例(缓解期组),健康对照组30例。采用Fe NO分析仪测定Fe NO水平,并检测各组外周血嗜酸粒细胞计数,采用SPSS 11.5统计软件进行统计学处理,组间差异性比较采用单因素方差分析,相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析。P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果支气管哮喘急性发作期组Fe NO为101.44±32.87ppb,EOS为5.0±2.62×10~9/L;缓解期组Fe NO为32.83±11.42 ppb,EOS为1.32±0.59×10~9/L;健康对照组Fe NO为8.43±3.02ppb,EOS为0.22±0.09×10~9/L。发作期组及缓解期组Fe NO及EOS水平均高于健康对照组(P0.05)。急性发作期组与缓解期组比较,Fe NO及EOS水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。支气管哮喘患者Fe NO水平与EOS呈正相关性(P0.05)。结论 Fe NO能够一定程度上反应气道嗜酸细胞炎症,Fe NO检测可能有助于评估支气管哮喘的控制水平。     

细菌溶解产物对婴幼儿毛细支气管炎辅助治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨细菌溶解产物辅助治疗毛细支气管炎婴幼儿临床效果。方法研究对象选取我院近年来收治毛细支气管炎婴幼儿130例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(65例)和对照组(65例);其中对照组患者在随访期间采用常规治疗,而观察组患者则在此基础上加用细菌溶解产物辅助治疗;比较两组患儿呼吸道感染次数、喘息发作次数、每次喘息时间、喘息总时间,哮喘发生率及随访前后IL-4、IFN-γ及IL-17水平等。结果观察组患儿呼吸道感染次数显著低于对照组,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05);观察组患儿喘息发作次数、每次喘息时间及喘息总时间均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患儿哮喘发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05);对照组患儿随访前后血清炎症细胞因子水平比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05);观察组患儿随访后血清炎症细胞因子水平均显著优于对照组、随访前,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论细菌溶解产物辅助用于毛细支气管炎婴幼儿可有效降低呼吸道感染、喘息及哮喘发生风险,并有助于改善血清炎性细胞因子水平。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.