甘氨双唑钠对非小细胞肺癌放射增敏作用的疗效观察

影响肿瘤放射治疗疗效的重要原因之一是实体肿瘤中存在乏氧细胞，它们对低（传能线密度射线（LET）具有抗拒作用。甘氨双唑钠（CMNa）是一种新型硝基咪唑类乏氧细胞增敏剂，基础和临床实验表明其对实体瘤乏氧细胞有明显的放射增敏作用，对正常组织无明显影响。2005年8月-2009年1月，我们对收治的90例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者进行随机对照分组试验，以观察CMNa的临床放射增敏疗效和不良反应。     

氧苏静脉充氧对非小细胞肺癌放疗的增敏效果观察

对50例非小细胞肺癌患者在放疗前应用氧苏医用自动充氧器通过静脉输液装置给予静脉充氧,结果表明,氧苏静脉充氧对非小细胞肺癌放疗具有显著的增敏作用,无副作用,且实现了全封闭、无污染输液.     

三维适形放射与传统放射治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的探讨三维适形放射与传统放射治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床观察。方法随机选取2007年11月份～2011年12月份因非小细胞肺癌就诊于我院进行治疗的患者90例,其中观察组(采用三维适形放射),对照组45例患者(采用传统放射治疗),比较两组患者的超声检查治疗效果、生存状况以及不良反应,并对结果进行统计分析。结果观察组患者总有效率为64.5%,平均生存期限为16.4±3.2个月,3年生存率为57.8%,不良反应发生率为13.3%,与对照组比较,P<0.05。结论三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌较传统放射疗法治疗效果更显著,能够有效延长患者生存时间,并且不良反应发生率较低。     

甘氨双唑钠联合放疗对非小细胞肺癌增敏作用的临床研究

甘氨双唑钠(CMNa)是国产硝基咪唑类化合物,是一种低毒有效的乏氧细胞放射增敏剂.我们对NSCLC放疗中加用CMNa进行随机分组对照研究.现将报道如下.     

三维适形放射与常规放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效比较

非小细胞肺癌约为肺癌发病率的80％[1].晚期非小细胞癌手术治疗效果差,大部分患者死于局部复发及远处转移[2].三维适形放疗具有提高靶区精确性及减少对正常组织照射的特点,本文旨在比较三维适形放射与常规放疗治疗老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效. 1资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 我院有完整随访资料的老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者108例,均经病理及细胞学诊断证实,临床分期为ⅢA或ⅢB期,KPS ≥70.根据患者放疗方式分为常规放疗组(50例)和三维适形放疗组(58例).见表1.     

老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌放疗联合甘氨双唑钠增敏疗效的研究

目的观察和分析甘氨双唑钠(CMNa)对老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌放疗的增敏疗效。方法选取80例老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组应用单纯放疗治疗,观察组在放疗的基础上加用CMNa治疗。对于两组患者的近期疗效、生存时间分布及放射性食管炎、放射性肺炎、骨髓抑制等主要不良反应的发生情况进行观察和比较。结果观察组和对照组的临床有效率分别为77.5%和47.5%,两组之间的差异有显著性(χ2=7.680,P0.05),而且观察组的近期疗效等级优于对照组,两组之间的差异有统计学意义(u=2.116,P0.05);两组患者的生存时间分布的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.015,P0.05);两组患者的放射性肺炎、放射性食管炎和骨髓抑制等主要不良反应的发生率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.092、0.125、0.220、0.157、0.105,P0.05)。结论老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的放疗中应用CMNa作为放疗增敏剂,可显著提高治疗的近期疗效,而且不会加重患者的放疗不良反应,但对于患者生存时间无显著的改善作用。     

放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的研究进展

<正>肺癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,占所有恶性肿瘤13%,其中非小细胞肺癌约占全部肺癌的80%,局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(LA-NSCLC)指尚未发生远处转移,又不适合手术切除的肺部癌变,常见为ⅢA期和ⅢB期,约占NSCLC总数的三分之一以上,是肺癌最常见的病期。除部分ⅢA期和极少数ⅢB期适合手术切除外,大多数已失去了手术的机会。局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的主要治疗方法是放射治疗为主的综合治疗。随着放疗     

非小细胞肺癌耐药相关机制的研究进展

非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是发病率和病死率都很高的恶性肿瘤,严重危害人类健康,目前临床对于该病仍以化疗为主。然而,肿瘤耐药性的产生严重影响了肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,是导致化疗失败的最主要原因之一。肿瘤的耐药机制错综复杂,现有研究认为,化疗药物在肿瘤细胞内的有效药物浓度不足、肿瘤内活性蛋白通过干扰药物作用机制而降低药物活性、肿瘤细胞自身的DNA修复功能及细胞凋亡相关因子的异常等是引起耐药的几个主要原因。     

甘氨双唑钠放射增敏作用临床研究

目的观察甘氨双唑钠（CMNa）放射增敏作用。方法对55例经病理学和（或）细胞学证实的肺癌、食管瘾采用随机双盲对照法分为A组（放疗＋CMNa组）和B组（放疗＋安慰剂组）进行了，CMNa放射增敏的临床研究。A组CMNa按800mg／m^2于放疗前1h内静脉滴注，3次／周滴注至放疗结束。B组用同样剂量的安慰剂。静脉滴注后30～60min内进行放疗，直至疗程结束。放疗总剂量60～70Gy．时间剂量2Gy/次，5次／周．共6～7周。结果治疗组2例肺癌患者因过敏反应（皮疹）退组未参与疗效评价。肺癌A组和B组的有效率分别为42％和53％（P=0.516），食管癌中A组和B组有效率分别为100％和43％（P=0．015），A组和B组总有效半分别为62％和50％（P=0.378），中位生存期A组为11个月，B组为10个月。1、3、5年总生存率A组分别为31％、13％、10％．B组分别为25％、15％、6％（P=0．475）。1、3、5年局部控制率控制率A组分别为32％、18％、16％，B组分别为28％、19％、13％（P=0．518）。除偶见皮疹，两组毒副反应相似。结论CMNa对食管癌有放射增敏作用，而对肺癌疗效不明显，其毒副作用轻微。CMNa配合放疗远期疗效不明显，仍需追踪观察和扩大病例试验。     

厄洛替尼与化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察厄洛替尼与含铂化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性。方法对我院晚期NSCLC给予化疗组30例,服用厄洛替尼组27例定期随访,观察疗效与不良反应。结果 57例可评价疗效的患者中,化疗组30例:CR:0例,PR:6例,SD:10例,PD:14例;缓解率6/30(20%),疾病控制率16/30(53.3%);服用厄洛替尼组27例:CR:2例,PR:8例,SD:14例,PD:3例;缓解率:10/27(37.1%),疾病控制率24/27(88.9%);不良反应主要表现在骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应以及皮疹,发生率在化疗组和厄洛替尼组分别为76.7%、80%、13.3%及3.71%、40.7%、66.7%,三者之间均有显著性差异。结论厄洛替尼治疗晚期NSCLC患者的疗效较化疗组好,且安全性高。     

Retreatment with pemetrexed chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patient

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of retreatment the pemetrexed after the failure prior pemetrexed-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from our institute.

Patients and methods

Patients with advanced NSCLC who were admitted to Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from Dec 2009 to Dec 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients were given pemetrexed chemotherapy after the prior pemetrexed-based treatment. Survival analysis was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

Twenty-five patients were included in current study. Initial pemetrexed-based therapy was given as first-line treatment in all patients. Nine patients retreated with pemetrexed as the fourth-line treatment, and sixteen as further-line. One patient (4%) achieved partial response (PR), 9 (36%) with stable disease (SD), and 15 (60%) had progressive disease (PD). The disease control rate (DCR) was 40% and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.5 months (95% CI: 0.8-2.4 months). Patients with an initial PFS >6 months had a median PFS after retreatment of 2.2 months, while patients with an initial pemetrexed PFS ≤6 months had a median PFS after retreatment of 1.1 months (P=0.036). The toxicities associated with the 2nd pemetrexed were generally acceptable.

Conclusions

Retreatment of pemetrexed seems to be a potential therapeutic option for treatment of selected advanced NSCLC patients after failure of initial pemetrexed therapy, especially for the patients with a PFS more than 6 months in the initial pemetrexed treatment.     

Radiotherapy in brain metastases from EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are present in 20–40% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Brain metastasis (BM) is more common in EGFR-mutated NSCLC (25–45%) compared to EGFR wild-type (15–30%). First and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib and afatinib have proven to be superior to chemotherapy in the front-line treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, has demonstrated better blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration, higher rate of intracranial response (66% vs. 43%) and a lower rate of CNS progression when compared to first generation EGFR TKI. Evidence on upfront radiation vs. upfront osimertinib is limited, but rapidly evolving and being tested in ongoing comparative trials. Stereotactic radiation (SRS) is very effective in the control of BMs and has been increasingly used and consequently replacing resection of BMs. SRS also has been increasingly used in the treatment of multiple BMs. Considering the effectiveness of targeted agents such as third generation EGFR inhibitors clinicians now are more frequently faced with the decision, if systemic therapy is safe and effective enough to withhold SRS. Third generation EGFR inhibitors also have fewer adverse events as previous generations. This review discusses the current literature available for management of BM in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.     

培美曲塞二线治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察培美曲塞二线单药治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法选择经病理及细胞学诊断为NSCLC患者25例,均有可测量和评估的病灶。给予培美曲塞500 mg/m2加入0.9%氯化钠100 ml中静滴,21 d为1周期,连用2~4周期。结果总有效率为8%,临床获益率为72%。主要毒副反应是Ⅰ~Ⅱ度骨髓抑制。结论培美曲塞治疗复发、转移的NSCLC有较好的临床获益率,不良反应小,值得临床推广应用。     

miR-1290 is a potential prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer

Background

miR-1290 is a newly discovered microRNA (miRNA), and its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-1290 in NSCLC tissues and serum, and explore its associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of NSCLC patients.

Methods

A total of 33 pairs of tissues and 73 serum samples were obtained from NSCLC patients and expression levels of miR-1290 were detected by specific TaqMan qRT-PCR. The relationship between miR-1290 expression levels in NSCLC tissues and serum and clinicopathological characteristics was estimated respectively. The correlation between serum miR-1290 expression levels and overall survival of NSCLC patients was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

We determined that miR-1290 expression levels were increased significantly in NSCLC tissues compared with non-tumor adjacent normal tissues, and higher miR-1290 expression levels were positively correlated with high tumor stage (P=0.004) and positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.013). Compared with benign lung disease and healthy controls, serum levels of NSCLC patients exhibited higher expression of miR-1290. Furthermore, the up-regulation of serum miR-1290 more frequently occurred in NSCLC patients with high TNM stage, positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.022 and P=0.024, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high serum miR-1290 expression levels predicted poor survival (P=0.022). Cox proportional hazards risk analysis indicated that miR-1290 was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that miR-1290 is overexpressed in NSCLC, and serum miR-1290 may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.     

The association between the ERCC1/2 polymorphisms and radiotherapy efficacy in 87 patients with non-small cell lung cancer

BackgroundThis study sought to investigate the association between the ERCC1/2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the efficacy of radiotherapy and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe examined 6 SNPs in the ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes in 87 consecutive patients with NSCLC who were treated with definitive radiotherapy. The objective remission rates (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progressive-free survival (PFS) were assessed. A Cox regression analysis was conducted to analyze the independent factors related to death and recurrence.ResultPatients with the G allele had better OS than patients with the A allele, and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (30.9 vs. 16.2 months; P=0.003). Patients with the AA genotype had significantly worse OS than patients with the AG or GG genotypes (6.8 vs. 19.8 vs. 30.9 months, respectively; P=0.000). The median PFS of the G allele was 18.9 months, which was significantly better than that of the A allele (P=0.040). The median PFS of patients with the GG genotype, the AG genotype, and the AA genotype was 18.9, 11.3, and 5.1 months, respectively; the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (P=0.019). Patients with the G allele also had better PFS than those with the A allele (18.9 vs. 11.3 months, P=0.040). The multivariate cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the ERCC1 gene rs11615 was an independent survival indicator [HR: 1.623, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.018–2.591, P=0.042] but not an independent recurrence indicator (HR: 1.497, 95% CI: 0.932–2.404, P=0.095).ConclusionsThe ERCC1 rs11615 SNP may be a potential biomarker for predicting survival prognosis in Chinese NSCLC patients who have undergone definitive radiotherapy. Patients with the G allele had better OS than those with the A allele.     

循环肿瘤DNA在非小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

肺癌是全世界发病率及病死率最高的恶性肿瘤,其早期诊断和监测复发与转移对提高肺癌患者5年生存率尤为重要.循环肿瘤DNA (circulating tumor DNA,etDNA)是一种存在于人体体液中的细胞外游离状态的DNA.非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者血浆或血清ctDNA水平要显著高于健康志愿者,而且许多研究证实ctDNA水平有助于NSCLC的诊断、分期、预测疗效及判断预后.NSCLC患者ctDNA中也发现了许多基因的改变,如微卫星不稳定、杂合性丢失、DNA甲基化及基因突变.这些研究证明ctDNA可能有助于动态监测基因变化.本文就近年来ctDNA在NSCLC领域的研究进展进行综述.     

Risk factors for postoperative complications after lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients at a single institution in China

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the postoperative complications after lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in elderly patients and to identify possible associated risk factors.

Methods

All patients aged 70 years or older who underwent pulmonary resection for NSCLC by either an open approach or by a thoracoscopic approach between January 2003 and December 2013 at our institution were reviewed. Postoperative events were divided into minor and major complications. Risk factors for complications were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A matched case-control study was performed to determine if the utilization of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for lung resection for NSCLC in elderly patients’ results in decreased complications compared with thoracotomy.

Results

During the study period, 476 consecutive patients (410 thoracotomy, 66 thoracoscopy) older than 70 years underwent resection for NSCLC. Postoperative complications occurred in 169 patients (35.5%) and the overall operative mortality was 2.3% (11 patients). Univariate predictors of complications included history of smoking (P=0.032), CCI scores ≥3 (P<0.001), pneumonectomy (P=0.016), as well as the duration of surgery (P=0.003). After multiple logistic regression analysis, CCI scores ≥3 [odds ratio (OR) =29.95, P<0.001], pneumonectomy (OR =2.26, P=0.029) and prolonged surgery (≥180 min) (OR =1.93, P=0.003) remained the only independent risk factors. After matching based on age, gender, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), pathologic stage, and the type of resection, there were 60 patients in each group. Patients had similar preoperative characteristics. A VATS approach resulted in a significantly lower rate of complications (25.0% vs. 43.3%, P=0.034) and a shorter median length of stay (19 days, range, 12 to 35 vs. 21 days, range, 13 to 38, P=0.013) compared with thoracotomy.

Conclusions

Pulmonary resection for NSCLC in patients older than 70 years shows acceptable morbidity and mortality. Postoperative complications are more likely to develop in patients with CCI scores ≥3, those who undergo pneumonectomy, and those with a prolonged surgery. Thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery for NSCLC in elderly patients is associated with fewer complications as well as a shorter hospital stay compared with thoracotomy.     

非小细胞肺癌侵袭相关的分子学研究进展

非小细胞肺癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,病死率高,且易发生局部浸润及远处转移.侵袭是一个极其复杂的多步骤发展过程,这一过程涉及到多种基因,黏附分子、细胞因子、生长因子、酶,气体微环境等因素的异常.研究侵袭相关分子在肺癌侵袭过程中的作用有助于阐明侵袭的发生机制,进而为肺癌的治疗提供一定的理论依据和可能的治疗靶点.     

非小细胞肺癌侵袭相关的分子学研究进展

非小细胞肺癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,病死率高,且易发生局部浸润及远处转移.侵袭是一个极其复杂的多步骤发展过程,这一过程涉及到多种基因,黏附分子、细胞因子、生长因子、酶,气体微环境等因素的异常.研究侵袭相关分子在肺癌侵袭过程中的作用有助于阐明侵袭的发生机制,进而为肺癌的治疗提供一定的理论依据和可能的治疗靶点.