后路椎弓根钉固定分别联合两种融合手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的效果比较

目的比较后路椎弓根钉固定分别联合椎间自体椎板、棘突植骨融合术与椎间融合器融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法将72例腰椎滑脱患者随机分为观察组和对照组各36例,两组均行后路椎弓根钉固定,并分别联合椎间自体椎板、棘突植骨融合术与椎间融合器融合术治疗;术后随访8~40个月（平均11.3个月）,采用JOA评分评定两组疗效并记录植骨融合率。结果观察组和对照组疗效优良率分别为91.67%、88.57%,植骨融合率分别为94.44%、91.67%,组间比较P均〉0.05。结论后路椎弓根钉固定分别联合椎间自体椎板、棘突植骨植骨融合术与椎间融合器术融合治疗腰椎滑脱症效果相近,前者有望减少患者创伤和医疗费用。     

后路椎弓根钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合治疗老年腰椎滑脱的效果

目的探讨应用脊柱后路联合使用椎弓根钉内固定与椎间植骨融合手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法选择该院脊柱外科近3年内收治的49例腰椎滑脱症患者,应用后路椎弓根钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合手术治疗,并随访1年,拍摄患者术后1 w、3个月、1年时的腰椎X线片,并通过JOA评分方法评价手术治疗的满意度。结果 49例腰椎滑脱患者术后1 w、3个月、1年的腰椎滑脱率、滑脱角及椎间隙高度均与术前比较差异显著(P0.01);从临床JOA评分来看术后显著上升,术后1年平均改善率高达(98.9%±4.1)。结论后路应用椎弓根钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合技术治疗腰椎滑脱症疗效确切,值得推广。     

椎间植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定治疗腰椎峡部裂滑脱（附35例报告）

目的观察后路椎间植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定治疗腰椎峡部裂滑脱的临床疗效。方法对35例腰椎峡部裂滑脱患者采用后路减压、椎间自体骨植骨融合、椎弓根钉内固定治疗,观察临床症状改善情况和椎间高度恢复及并发症情况。结果术后35例临床症状均得到不同程度改善,滑椎复位满意,椎间高度恢复好。发生断钉1例（1枚）,余未出现松动、断裂,植骨获得骨性愈合,未见假关节形成。结论后路椎间植骨椎弓根钉内固定术治疗腰椎峡部裂滑脱疗效好。彻底减压、适度复位、植骨融合是手术关键。     

经椎间孔椎体间融合联合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗老年退行性腰椎侧凸疗效观察

目的：观察经椎间孔椎体间融合（ TLIF）联合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗老年退行性腰椎侧凸的临床效果。方法老年退行性腰椎侧凸患者35例,均采用TLIF联合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗。统计手术时间、手术出血量,比较术前及术后随访腰部 VAS、下肢VAS、腰椎JOA评分、ODI评分、侧凸Cobb 角、椎间倾斜角。结果随访时间（27．85±8．25）个月,手术时间（184．38±60．98） min,估计术中出血量（619．23±387．05） mL,固定融合（4．62±0．87）个椎体。与术前比较,术后随访时腰部VAS、下肢VAS、ODI评分降低,侧凸Cobb角、椎间倾斜角变小腰椎JOA评分增加（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。结论 TLIF联合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗老年退行性腰椎侧凸临床疗效较好。     

后路椎弓根钉棒与椎间植骨联合内固定治疗退行性脊柱侧弯的疗效

目的 探讨后路椎弓根钉棒与椎间植骨联合内固定治疗退行性脊柱侧弯的临床疗效。方法 选择退行性脊柱侧弯患者100例。采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组各50例。对照组给予短节段融合联合后路椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术治疗,研究组给予短节段融合后路椎弓根钉棒与椎间自体髂骨植骨内固定术治疗。对比两组术前和术后6个月腰疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分;术前和术后6个月退行性脊柱侧弯Cobb角;术前和术后6个月矢状面、冠状面平衡距离;临床疗效;并发症发生率。结果 术后6个月,两组腰疼痛VAS、ODI评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组侧凸、后凸Cobb角显著小于对照组(P<0.05);研究组矢状面平衡、冠状面平衡显著低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 后路椎弓根钉棒与椎间植骨联合内固定治疗退行性脊柱侧弯可改善患者侧凸发生及冠状面和矢状面平衡,降低Cobb角和患者腰下肢疼痛,安全有效。     

椎间打压植骨治疗老年腰椎不稳定性疾病

目的观察椎间打压植骨对腰椎节段不稳定性疾病的治疗效果。方法对68例腰椎不稳定患者(其中男46例,女22例),应用全椎板切除、神经根管扩大、后路椎间打压植骨加钉棒系统内固定治疗,随访6~18个月。结果按JOA评分标椎术后18个月动态X线检查显示椎间打压植骨加钉棒系统内固定患者植骨融合率100%,融合节段稳定,临床症状改善优良率95.3%。结论后路椎间打压植骨加钉棒系统内固定治疗腰椎不稳定性疾病是一种安全、有效的方法。     

选择性后路植骨融合联合钉棒系统内固定治疗老年峡部裂性腰椎滑脱

目的探讨选择性后路植骨融合联合钉棒系统内固定治疗老年峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的价值。方法回顾性分析63例峡部裂性腰椎滑脱老年患者的临床资料,均采用选择性后路减压植骨融合(PLF)联合钉棒内固定治疗,30例后外侧植骨融合(PLIF)者为对照组,33例Cage椎间器椎间植骨融合者为研究组。对比两组手术情况,完成2～4年随访,分别于治疗前、治疗后6个月、1年和末次随访时评价日本骨科协会(JOA)下腰痛评分和腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),并复查影像学,统计植骨融合率、滑脱率、滑脱节段前凸角和相对椎间隙高度。结果研究组手术时间较长,术中出血量较高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组手术并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,两组JOA评分和ODI指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组JOA评分和ODI均有降低,至末次随访时,研究组ODI明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组滑脱率、节段前凸角度、相对椎间隙高度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组滑脱率均有降低,节段前凸角度和相对椎间隙高度均有所升高,至末次随访时,研究组的滑脱率明显低于对照组,节段前凸角度和相对椎间隙高度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论选择性后路植骨融合联合钉棒系统内固定治疗老年峡部裂性腰椎滑脱手术创伤较大,但PLIF在维持脊柱长期稳定性方面可能具有优势,利于患者功能恢复。     

椎管减压联合椎弓根钉加单枚cage植入融合治疗腰椎滑脱症（附37例报告）

目的探讨椎管减压联合椎弓根钉加单枚cage植入融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法采用椎板切除减压,椎弓根钉固定加单枚cage植入融合治疗腰椎滑脱患者37例,比较手术前后Taillard指数、腰骶关节角、椎间高度指数变化。结果37例均获随访,随访时间为1-4a（平均2a）,术后1周Taillard指数、椎间隙高度、滑脱角、腰椎生理前凸角与术前比较,P均〈0．05。手术疗效优良率为91．89％（34／37）,腰椎融合率为100％。无神经根损伤、内固定松动和断裂,cage融合器位置形态无改变。结论椎管减压椎弓根钉固定加单枚cage融合器治疗腰椎滑脱,复位满意,效果好。     

后路椎弓根钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱疗效分析

目的:分析后路椎弓根钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱疗效。方法:选取腰椎滑脱患者156例,所有患者均采用后路椎弓根钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合治疗的方法对进行治疗。结果:对所有患者进行术后随机访问,随访1~5年,平均36个月。患者手术后4~10个月植骨融合,平均6.6个月,无内固定器断裂、松动情况的发生。最后一次随机访问时根据Nakai的评分标准对其进行评分,其中优89例、良57例、可10例,优良率93.59%。结论:后路椎弓根钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合对治疗腰椎滑脱病症有着良好的效果。     

后路减压植骨融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱疗效观察

目的观察后路减压植骨融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的疗效。方法采用后路减压植骨融合椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱43例。结果43例植骨完全融合,复位良好。术后JOA评分平均13．1分,明显高于术前的3．9分,P〈0．05。症状改善率93％。随访9～18月,平均14．2月,疗效优12例,良28例,可3例,差0例。结论后路减压植骨融合内固定术是目前退变性腰椎滑脱的理想治疗手段。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.