MSCT与MRI动态增强扫描对高血供肝内胆管癌与肝细胞癌的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(MSCT)与磁共振成像(MRI)动态增强扫描对高血供肝内胆管癌(ICC)和肝细胞癌(HCC)的诊断价值。方法 2018年1月～2019年6月我科诊治的70例原发性肝癌患者,均接受MSCT和MRI动态增强扫描。以手术后组织病理学检查诊断作为金标准,评估两种检查方法的诊断效能。结果 经手术后组织病理学检查,在70例原发性肝癌患者中,诊断ICC 12例,HCC 58例;MSCT检查显示HCC病灶动脉期强化、静脉期强化减退,延迟期持续强化减退;MRI多期扫描检查显示39例HCC患者病灶呈快进快出型强化,17例患者病灶呈快进慢出型强化,2例患者病灶呈慢进慢出型强化。MRI多期扫描发现9例ICC患者病灶呈慢进慢出型,3例患者病灶在动脉期和门脉期未出现明显强化,延迟期逐渐呈均匀性强化;MRI诊断HCC患者56例(96.6%),与CT诊断的53例(91.4%)比,无显著性差异(P>0.05),而诊断ICC患者9例(75.0%),显著高于CT诊断的7例(58.3%,P<0.05)。结论 在富血供的PLC患者,ICC和HCC的影像学表现有所差异,应用MRI增强扫描有利于提高对ICC的诊断检出率,值得临床积累经验和应用。     

多排螺旋CT与MRI增强扫描原发性肝癌病灶影像学表现和诊断效能分析

目的分析比较多排螺旋CT与MRI增强扫描原发性肝癌(PLC)肝内病灶的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法 2014年12月~2016年12月本院收治的经组织病理学检查诊断的肝细胞癌(HCC)患者36例,分别行CT和MRI多期动态增强扫描,分析各自的影像学表现特征,比较两者的诊断效能。结果在36例HCC患者中,共检出病灶48个;检出3 cm小肝癌14例,病灶16个,3 cm巨块型肝癌9例,病灶32个;CT动脉期检出43个(89.6%)病灶,门脉期检出39个(81.3%)病灶,延迟期检出40个(83.3%)病灶,而MRI动脉期检出46个(95.8%)病灶,MRI门脉期检出率为52.1%,延迟期检出率为85.4%,组间比较差异显著(x~2=14.376,P0.05);MRI扫描对PLC病灶包膜的显示优于CT,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在48个病灶中,经CT增强扫描确诊41个(85.4%),经MRI增强扫描确诊44个(91.7%),两者差异无统计学意义(x~2=0.924,P0.05)。结论 CT和MRI多期动态增强扫描均能够充分显示PLC病灶的强化特征,其诊断效能难分伯仲。     

多层螺旋CT行肝脏增强后多期扫描对肝细胞癌病灶检出率的影响分析

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(multidetector CT,MDCT)行增强后多期扫描检查肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)病灶的效果。方法采用回顾性分析,选取2015年2月至2017年2月在莱芜市人民医院治疗的HCC患者64例,采用MDCT进行多期扫描。结果 MDCT多期扫描病灶检出率均明显高于CT平扫(P0.05);多期扫描模式中动脉期和延迟期病灶检出率分别为97.37%和90.79%,明显高于门静脉期的77.63%(P0.05);门静脉期肝脏、肿瘤密度值及密度差值分别为(104.01±12.29)Hu、(88.13±12.24)Hu和(17.80±2.47)Hu,明显高于其他扫描模式(P0.05);HCC病灶典型表现为"快进快出",即动脉期多呈高密度,门静脉期和延迟期为等密度或低密度;本次研究的76个病灶中,以高-低-低密度表现为主,占68.42%。结论大部分HCC具有典型的强化特征,MDCT行肝脏增强后多期扫描能有效诊断HCC,对病灶检出和定位有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT肝脏增强多期扫描技术的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)肝脏增强多期扫描的方法及临床应用。方法采用GE的64排128层Lightspeed VCT对临床怀疑肝脏肿瘤的120例病人(225个病灶)进行了肝动脉期、门静脉期和平衡期扫描,分析比较三期增强扫描的影像资料。结果 64排128层螺旋CT肝脏增强多期扫描,肝脏血管增强后与增强前的密度差在91.9Hu以上,三期综合显示全部病灶(100%)。100%显示肝动脉(120/120),门静脉显示为97.5%(117/120),肝静脉显示95.8%(115/120)。结论多层螺旋CT多期扫描对肝脏肿瘤性病变的诊断明显优于单期和双期扫描,多期相设置及血管成像技术有较高的临床应用价值。     

多排螺旋CT成像及引导穿刺鉴别肝脏局灶性结节增生性质的应用价值

目的研究多排螺旋CT成像(MSCT)及引导穿刺鉴别肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的应用价值。方法选择经常规CT平扫或肝脏超声筛选的FNH患者共126例,经CT或超声引导穿刺活检结合病理最终确诊肝癌35例(27.8%),良性结节91例;采用MSCT多期增强扫描和后处理,记录结节直径、形状、周围病灶、强化、静脉期和动脉期增强。结果 MSCT平扫诊断良恶性结节的最大直径、形状和密度比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。MSCT增强扫描恶性结节以"快进快出"征象为主,良性结节以"快进慢出"征象为主。MSCT增强扫描共诊断肝癌30例,良性结节96例,诊断肝癌的敏感性为80.0%(28/35),特异性为97.8%(89/91),阳性预测值为93.3%(28/30),阴性预测值为92.7%(89/96)。结论 MSCT增强扫描鉴别FNH良恶性具有较高的诊断价值。     

16层螺旋CT多期动态扫描在肝癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT对肝癌多期扫描的影像特征和临床应用价值.方法 对100例肝癌患者先行全肝CT平扫,其中80例无论肿瘤大小(包括23例结节型)先作病灶动脉期扫描,再作全肝静脉期扫描,最后进行病灶平衡期扫描;20例仅行动脉期及静脉期扫描.结果 100例中67例为肿块型(67%),23例为结节型(23%),10例为弥漫型(10%).80例中CT平扫、动脉期、静脉期及平衡期病灶的显示率分别为87%、97%、90%、96%.结论 16层螺旋CT多期扫描能获得肿瘤在各期的增强征象,为肝癌的定性、定量诊断提供更多的影像诊断信息;尤其在肝癌早期,动脉期扫描可得到非常重要的诊断依据.     

多排螺旋CT与MRI增强扫描原发性肝癌病灶影像学表现和诊断效能分析*

目的 分析比较多排螺旋CT与MRI增强扫描原发性肝癌（PLC）肝内病灶的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法 2014年12月~2016年12月本院收治的经组织病理学检查诊断的肝细胞癌（HCC）患者36例,分别行CT和MRI多期动态增强扫描,分析各自的影像学表现特征,比较两者的诊断效能。结果 在36例HCC患者中,共检出病灶48个;检出<3 cm小肝癌14例,病灶16个,>3 cm巨块型肝癌9例,病灶32个;CT动脉期检出43个（89.6%）病灶,门脉期检出39个（81.3%）病灶,延迟期检出40个（83.3%）病灶,而MRI动脉期检出46个（95.8%）病灶,MRI门脉期检出率为52.1%,延迟期检出率为85.4%,组间比较差异显著（x²=14.376,P<0.05）;MRI扫描对PLC病灶包膜的显示优于CT,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在48个病灶中,经CT增强扫描确诊41个（85.4%）,经MRI增强扫描确诊44个（91.7%）,两者差异无统计学意义（x²=0.924,P>0.05）。结论 CT和MRI多期动态增强扫描均能够充分显示PLC病灶的强化特征,其诊断效能难分伯仲。     

MSCT多期增强扫描诊断肝门区胆管癌15例

目的:评价MSCT多期动态增强扫描对肝门胆管癌的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析15例经病理确诊的肝门区胆管癌的临床资料及MSCT图像特征,所有病例均行平扫及四期动态增强扫描(即早动脉期、晚动脉期、门脉期及延迟期).结果:15例肝门胆管癌按CT表现形式分为肿块型、结节型及管壁浸润型,所有病灶均表现为等密度或略低密度.7例肿块型动脉期肿块边缘呈轻度不均匀强化,晚动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期病灶进一步强化:5例结节型多表现为肝门部<2 cm的结节,动脉期主要为边缘环状强化,门静脉期及延迟期持续明显强化,且向中心部充填:3例管壁浸润型表现为肝门部胆管壁局限性不规则增厚>2 mm,增厚的胆管壁四期扫描均呈明显环状强化,其中2例表现为延迟强化.     

增强MRI扫描在乙型肝炎肝硬化背景下对原发性肝癌的诊断价值分析*

目的 研究采用钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强磁共振成像(MRI)对乙型肝炎肝硬化背景下原发性肝癌(PLC)的诊断价值。方法 2018年12月～2020年12月我院收治的乙型肝炎肝硬化背景下肝脏局灶性病变患者147例,均行Gd-EOB-DTPA肝脏增强MRI扫描,观察病灶强化特点和各序列信号强度,包括T1加权像(T₁WI)、T2加权像(T₂WI)及动脉期、门脉期、肝胆特异期和磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)病灶的信号强度。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分析上述信号特征对PLC的诊断效能。结果 在147例患者中,发现PLC者102例,病灶大小为0.9～2.9 cm,平均为(1.8±0.6)cm,肝脏异型性增生结节45例,病灶大小为0.8～2.5 cm,平均为(1.4±0.2)cm;增强MRI扫描显示,84例表现为动脉期病灶呈低或等强化,门静脉期或延迟期呈低强化,63例表现为动脉期明显强化,门静脉期或延迟期未廓清;PLC组病灶T₁WI低信号、T₂WI高信号、DWI高信号、动脉期高强化和肝胆期低信号表现占比分别为50.0%、79.4%、82.4%、52.9%和94.1%,显著高于非PLC组(20.0%、20.0%、26.7%、20.0%和20.0%,P＜0.05);ROC分析结果显示病灶T₁WI低信号(AUC=0.670,敏感度=0.451)、T₂WI高信号(AUC=0.817,敏感度=0.745)、DWI高信号(AUC=0.754,敏感度=0.863)、动脉期高强化(AUC=0.693,敏感度=0.520)和肝胆期低信号(AUC=0.891,敏感度=0.892)对PLC具有一定的诊断效能(P＜0.05)。结论 增强MRI扫描在乙型肝炎肝硬化背景下早期发现PLC具有重要的诊断价值,临床应不断总结其特点变化,提高早期诊断率。     

多层螺旋CT诊断肝脏局灶性结节增生的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT诊断肝局灶性结节增生的价值。方法回顾分析经病理学检查证实的18例肝局灶性结节增生患者的多层螺旋CT平扫、多期增强扫描和后处理的影像学表现。结果 18例均为单发病灶,平扫呈低密度12例,等或稍低密度6例。其中5例可见更低密度疤痕向周围呈辐射状分布。在增强时,除8例动脉期未强化疤痕外,10例病灶呈明显的均匀强化,其中9例病变中央或病灶周围肝实质内见扭曲、增粗的血管影。门脉期所有病变强化程度逐渐下降,8例疤痕均见延迟强化,3例周边见增粗的引流静脉。延迟期13例病灶为等或稍低密度,5例为稍高密度。结论多层螺旋CT多期增强扫描对肝脏局灶性结节增生具有特征性诊断价值,特别是多层螺旋CT强大的后处理功能,能较全面地显示大多数肝局灶性结节增生病灶的病理学特征及血供特点。     

Usefulness of procalcitonin for diagnosis of infective endocarditis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting infective endocarditis (IE). 23 adult patients with IE, 30 patients with sepsis and 30 with tick-borne encephalitis were included in this prospective study. The PCT serum level, C-reactive protein (CRP), total leukocyte, and immature polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counts were determined on admission, prior to the institution of antibiotic therapy, and compared according to the diagnosis. The median PCT level in patients with IE endocarditis was 0.81 ng/ml, in patients with sepsis it was 43.74 ng/ml, and in the group with viral infection it was 0.25 ng/ml (P < 0.001). The highest PCT level was found in patients with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve that used PCT to predict IE was 0.722 (95% CI 0.572–0.873), compared with 0.909 (95% CI 0.829–0.989) for CRP, 0.699 (95% CI 0.551–0.846) for immature PMN cell count, and 0.619 (95% CI 0.468–0.770) for leukocyte count. Our study fails to demonstrate superiority of PCT as a diagnostic laboratorial parameter in predicting IE compared to CRP.     

慢型、潜在型克山病患者的血管内皮功能观察

目的观察山东省慢型、潜在型克山病患者的临床特点和血管内皮功能,探讨机体内皮功能失调与克山病发生发展的关系。方法选择慢型、潜在型克山病患者57人、病区健康人34人,分别采集清晨空腹血检测ET、NO、NOS、iNOS及cNOS含量及活性。结果(1)克山病患者ET水平明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01);心功能越差,ET升高越明显(P<0.01);(2)NO和NOS含量,潜在型、慢型克山病均明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01);慢型高于潜在型(P<0.01);iN-OS含量克山病患者也高于病区健康人(P<0.05);慢型克山病高于潜在型克山病(P<0.05)。结论ET、NO水平的变化可能作为一种中间环节参与了克山病的发病机制;心功能不同,血浆ET、NO升高的程度也不同;ET、NO可作为克山病病情严重程度的预测指标。     

三七有效组分Rx对兔动脉粥样硬化的实验研究

目的：探讨三七有效组分R。对兔动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法：40只雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成正常对照组、高脂模型组、三七总皂甙组三七有效组分Rx高荆量组、三七总皂甙组三七有效组分Rx低刺量组，喂饲12周后同时处死．分别测定血一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)、PAI、t—PA、血浆脂质过氧化物、红细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)，并行主动脉壁形态学、主动脉壁光镜、透射电镜观察。结果：三七有效组分Rx高、低剂量组明显升高血NO、t—PA，降低血清ET、PAI水平，抗脂质过氧化，提高红细胞内SOD活性。大体形态、光镜、电镜显示，三七有效组分Rx高、低剂量组能减轻动脉粥样硬化病变程度，减少泡沫细胞层数。结论：三七有效组分Rx有干预动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

前列腺干细胞抗原在人前列腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨前列腺干细胞抗原（PSCA）在人前列腺癌（PCa）和正常前列腺（NP）、良性前列腺增生（BPH）组织中的表达及其与临床分期、病理分级的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学（IHC）链霉菌过氧化物酶法（SP法）检测26例人PCa石蜡包埋标本、10例BPH患者的前列腺切除标本及3例NP标本中PSCA的表达。结果 PSCA在PCa组织中表达阳性率为96．2％，其中强阳性率为88．5％。NP组织阳性率为66．7％（均为弱阳性）。BPH组织阳性率为70．0％（均为弱阳性）。PCa与NP、BPH组织表达水平差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01），BPH与NP组织表达水平无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。PSCA在PCa组织主要表达于癌细胞，细胞间质和肌肉组织均无表达；NP及BPH组织表达则定位于前列腺上皮的基底细胞层。PSCA表达水平与PCa临床分期、病理分级均无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论 PSCA是一个新的细胞表面抗原，可能在PCa的诊断、免疫治疗等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Papillomavirus Infectious Pathways: A Comparison of Systems

The HPV viral lifecycle is tightly linked to the host cell differentiation, causing difficulty in growing virions in culture. A system that bypasses the need for differentiating epithelium has allowed for generation of recombinant particles, such as virus-like particles (VLPs), pseudovirions (PsV), and quasivirions (QV). Much of the research looking at the HPV life cycle, infectivity, and structure has been generated utilizing recombinant particles. While recombinant particles have proven to be invaluable, allowing for a rapid progression of the HPV field, there are some significant differences between recombinant particles and native virions and very few comparative studies using native virions to confirm results are done. This review serves to address the conflicting data in the HPV field regarding native virions and recombinant particles.     

降钙素原在医院获得性肺炎和呼吸机相关性肺炎的诊断和抗感染管理中的应用价值

医院获得性肺炎(HAP)和呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)是我国现患率居第一位的医院感染性疾病。国内外相关指南相继进行了更新,旨在提高HAP/VAP诊断和治疗水平,改善患者的结局,但我们仍然面临诸多挑战。降钙素原(PCT)是较C反应蛋白(CRP)更特异的感染相关生物学标志物,对重症细菌感染和脓毒症具有反应快速、特异性高的优点,动态监测PCT可指导HAP/VAP的诊断及抗菌药物治疗的疗程。     

Relevance of Endocavitary Structures in Ablation Procedures for Ventricular Tachycardia

Endocavitary Structures and Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation. Background: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) has high failure rates. Whether endocavitary structures (ECS) such as the papillary muscles (PMs), moderator bands (MBs), or false tendons (FTs) impact VT ablation is unknown. Methods and Results: We retrospectively reviewed records of 190 consecutive patients presenting for VT ablation and identified 46 (24%) where ECS affected ablation. In 31 of 46 patients (67%), the ECS created difficulty with catheter manipulation (n = 20), interpretation of pace map data (n = 7), or with accurately defining a scar (n = 4). In 15 of 46 (33%), specific mapping and RF energy delivery targeting the ECS itself was necessary to eliminate the arrhythmia. Detailed electroanatomic mapping was performed in 11 of 15 (73%), noncontact mapping in 3 of 15 (20%), multielectrode catheter mapping in 1 of 15 (7%), and intracardiac ultrasound in 14 of 15 (93%) patients. The ablated ECS was a PM in 5 of 15, the MB in 7 of 15, and an FT in 3 of 15. The arrhythmogenic substrate on the ECS was a focus of automatic tachycardia in 9 of 15 and the slow zone responsible for reentrant arrhythmia in the remaining 6 of 15. Successful elimination of tachycardia without recurrence was obtained in all 15 cases. There was no evidence of valvular damage or disruption of the valvular apparatus. Conclusion: During VT ablation procedures, ECS should be considered for specific mapping and targeted ablation. Once recognized, these structures can be successfully targeted for ablation without valve damage. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 245–254, March 2010)     

Palliative management of refractory dyspnea in COPD

COPD is a progressive illness with worldwide impact. Patients invariably reach a point at which they require palliative interventions. Dyspnea is the most distressing symptom experienced by these patients; when not relieved by traditional COPD management strategies it is termed “refractory dyspnea” and palliative approaches are required. The focus of care shifts from prolonging survival to reducing symptoms, increasing function, and improving quality of life. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions can achieve these goals, though evidence supporting their use is variable. This review provides a summary of the options for the management of refractory dyspnea in COPD, outlining currently available evidence and highlighting areas for further investigation. Topics include oxygen, opioids, psychotropic drugs, inhaled furosemide, Heliox, rehabilitation, nutrition, psychosocial support, breathing techniques, and breathlessness clinics.     

Expression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis

We investigated the expression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mRNAs in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 5) or osteoarthritis (OA, n = 5) by Northern blot analysis. Northern analysis demonstrated strong expression of MT1-MMP, MT3-MMP, MMP-1, and MMP-3 and weak expression of MT2-MMP and MMP-8 in synovial tissue from patients with RA or OA. MT4-MMP was not detected. No significant difference was shown in the expression of MT-MMP mRNAs between RA and OA. Synovial tissue of RA or OA patients expressed MT-MMPs as well as MMPs. These results indicate that, in addition to MMPs, MT1-MMP, MT3-MMP, and probably MT2-MMP may play a role in the degradation of bone and cartilage matrix in RA and OA. Such information may provide a clue to the development of a novel therapeutic approach targeted on the prevention of joint destruction. Received: April 30, 2000 / Accepted: September 19, 2000     

Methemoglobin Forming Effect of Dimethyl Trisulfide in Mice

Abstract

Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a natural organic trisulfide that has been patented as a promising antidotal candidate against cyanide (CN). The primary mode of action of DMTS is as a sulfur donor that enables the conversion of CN to thiocyanate. Recently, it was discovered that DMTS is capable of oxidizing hemoglobin (Hb) to methemoglobin (MetHb) in vitro. The goal of these experiments was to measure the extent of DMTS-induced MetHb formation in vivo. In these experiments, intramuscular (IM) injections of formulated DMTS were administered to mice. Following the IM injection, blood was drawn and analyzed for MetHb using a rapid spectrophotometric method. Methemoglobin levels peaked in a dose-dependent manner between 20 and 30?min., and then began dropping. The highest MetHb levels measured for the 50, 100, 200 and 250?mg/kg doses of DMTS were respectively 3.28, 6.12, 9.69, and 10.76% MetHb. These experiments provide the first experimental evidence that IM administered DMTS generates MetHb in vivo and provide additional evidence for the presence of a secondary therapeutic pathway for DMTS - CN scavenging by DMTS-generated MetHb.