多西他赛联合奈达铂或顺铂同步三维适形放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效观察

目的:了解多西他赛联合奈达铂或顺铂同步三维适形放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的近期疗效和不良反应的发生情况。方法:将69例确诊中晚期食管癌患者随机分为2组,采用多西他赛联合顺铂同步三维适形放疗方案设为顺铂组35例;采用多西他赛联合奈达铂同步三维适形放疗方案设为奈达铂组34例,2组患者开始化疗时即同步放疗,观察并比较2组的有效率和不良反应发生率。结果:奈达铂组与顺铂组的有效率分别为76.5%和68.6%(P=0.463);顺铂组的Ⅲ/Ⅳ度消化道反应发生率高于奈达铂组(28.6%vs 5.9%,P0.05);Ⅲ/Ⅳ度骨髓抑制发生率低于奈达铂组(11.4%vs 38.2%,P0.05)。结论:多西他赛联合奈达铂或顺铂同步三维适形放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的有效率无明显差异,副反应均可以耐受。     

周低剂量紫杉醇同步放疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的疗效

目的 探讨周低剂量紫杉醇同步放疗与周期性化疗同步放疗治疗局部中晚期食管癌的临床疗效及毒副反应.方法 将70例局部晚期食管癌患者随机分成两组,周低剂量紫杉醇同步放疗组(观察组,35例)采用紫杉醇(30 mg·m-2·w-1)静脉滴注,放疗第1天给药,持续6w;周期性化疗同步放疗组(对照组,35例)采用紫杉醇联合顺铂(紫杉醇135 mg/m2,第1天,顺铂20 mg/m2,第1～5天,21 d为1个周期,共2个周期),两组均采用23EX直线加速器三维适形同步放疗.比较治疗后两组近期疗效、毒副反应及2年生存率.结果 观察组与对照组总有效率有统计学差异(P＜0.05);两组的远处转移率和2年生存率之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).观察组Ⅲ、Ⅳ度骨髓抑制和放射性食管炎的发生率优于对照组(P＜0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ度骨髓抑制无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 周低剂量紫杉醇同步放疗对比周期性化疗同步放疗治疗局部晚期食管癌能明显提高疗效,且能降低毒副反应.     

放疗与低剂量奈达铂化疗联合治疗老年食管癌40例临床观察

目的观察放疗与低剂量奈达铂化疗联合治疗老年食管癌的疗效。方法 80例老年食管癌患者,随机分成放疗与低剂量奈达铂化疗联合治疗组(实验组)、单纯放疗组(对照组),放疗采用常规分割方式,剂量为1.8~2.0 Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量56~60 Gy/6周。实验组在此基础上静脉滴注奈达铂20 mg/m2,每周1次,连用6周,观察两组患者的近期疗效、生存时间及不良反应发生情况。结果实验组、对照组总有效率分别为92.5%、72.5%,两组比较,P<0.05。两组不良反应均以Ⅰ~Ⅱ度为主,其中实验组Ⅲ度以上骨髓抑制出现11例、对照组5例,两组比较,P<0.05。实验组、对照组1年生存率分别为82.5%、65%,2年生存率分别为45%、25%,两组比较,P均<0.05。结论放疗与低剂量奈达铂化疗联合治疗老年食管癌近期疗效好,且不良反应较低。     

多西他赛同步放疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察多西他赛同步放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和急性毒副反应。方法70例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为单纯放疗组（单放组）和多谣他赛同步放疗组（放化组）各35例。两组放疗方法相同,2.0Gy／次,1次／天,5次／周,总量DT60-70Gy。放化组放疗同时予多西他赛40mg每周化疗一次,共5-6次。结果单放组和放化组有效率分别为54.3％和80％（P〈0.05）。急性毒副反应主要是I-Ⅱ级放射性食管炎、I-Ⅱ级放射性肺炎和I级骨髓抑制,放化组高于单放组（P〉0.05）。结论多西他赛同步放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效好,毒副反应轻,患者能够耐受。     

调强放疗同步化疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的疗效观察

目的探究调强放疗同步多西他赛联合奈达铂治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效。方法 80例中晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分成对照组(40例)和观察组(40例),对照组行根治性6 MV X线外照射放疗,观察组在放疗的基础上进行多西他赛联合奈达铂同步化疗。观察2组患者的临床疗效、不良反应及1年的生存状况。结果观察组治疗总有效率、1年的生存状况均优于对照组(P0.05),对照组Ⅲ-Ⅳ度白细胞减少及Ⅲ-Ⅳ度中性粒细胞减少发生率低于观察组,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度恶心、呕吐发生率高于观察组(P0.05)。结论调强放疗同步多西他赛联合奈达铂治疗中晚期鼻咽癌临床效果显著。     

周剂量奈达铂增敏放疗与单纯放疗治疗食管癌的疗效比较

目的比较单纯放疗与周剂量奈达铂增敏放疗治疗食管癌的近期疗效。方法将54例食管癌患者随机分为两组,对照组行单纯放疗,治疗组行放疗＋奈达铂静滴治疗,均每周1次;治疗1个月后评价两组近期疗效,观察其毒副反应。结果对照组近期有效率为51.85%,治疗组为70.37%,两组近期有效率比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;与对照组比较,治疗组毒副反应以骨髓抑制及食管炎较多见（P〈0.05）,但经相应处理均恢复正常。结论周剂量奈达铂增敏放疗治疗食管癌有效、安全。     

吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的观察盐酸吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和毒副反应。方法核工业部四一六医院肿瘤科收治的有病理学依据的30例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者给予盐酸吉西他滨联合奈达铂化疗:给予吉西他滨1000 mg/m2,第1、8天,奈达铂80 mg/m2,第l天,同时给予常规止吐治疗,3周重复1次。2个周期后评价疗效和毒性。结果全组30例均可评价疗效,其中完全缓解(CR)1例,部分缓解(PR)10例,无变化(NC)13例,进展(PD)6例,总有效率(CR+PR)36.66%。毒副反应主要是轻度恶心呕吐,无Ⅲ~Ⅳ度恶心呕吐发生,骨髓抑制轻,Ⅰ~Ⅱ度骨髓抑制16例,Ⅲ度骨髓抑制2例,无Ⅳ度骨髓抑制发生。无显著心脏,肝肾功能损害。结论吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有疗效较好,毒副反应较轻,值得临床推广使用。     

多西他赛联合铂类治疗126例晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的探讨多西他赛联合顺铂、卡铂及奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法应用多西他赛75 mg/m2联合顺铂75 mg/m2(或卡铂AUC=5,或奈达铂75 mg/m2)方案治疗126例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者。结果总有效率达48.4%,临床获益率为83.3%,其中初治与复治病例、ⅢB期与Ⅳ期病例组间的疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),腺癌与鳞癌两组之间、合并使用顺铂、卡铂或奈达铂三组之间疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、腹泻及脱发。结论多西他赛联合顺铂、卡铂及奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,毒副反应可耐受。     

奈达铂联合多西他赛同步放化疗治疗老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效观察

目的评价奈达铂联合多西他赛同步放化疗治疗老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的近期临床疗效及毒副反应。方法 60例诊断明确的老年局部晚期NSCLC患者随机分为两组,均接受三维适形放疗,照射剂量60~66 Gy;并每周一次同步化疗,方案分别为奈达铂(NDP组)或顺铂(DDP组)联合多西他赛。奈达铂用量为20~25 mg/m2,顺铂为20~25 mg/m2;多西他赛为30 mg/m2;观察两组近期疗效及毒副反应。结果 NDP组和DDP组总有效率均为70.0%;两组中位生存时间分别为17.5个月和16.8个月;差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但NDP组骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应发生率明显低于DDP组(P0.05)。结论奈达铂联合多西他赛同步放化疗治疗老年局部晚期NSCLC有效率不低于顺铂双药方案,且胃肠道反应显著减低,患者耐受性好,更易让患者接受。     

奈达铂化疗同步三维适形放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的临床观察

背景:食管癌常规放疗疗效欠佳,局部复发常见。目的:探讨奈达铂(NDP)化疗同步三维适形放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法:75例经病理证实的中晚期食管癌患者随机分成放疗组(37例,6 MV-X线或15 MV-X线常规放疗,2.0 Gy/次,5次/周,6～7周)和同期放化疗组(38例,与放疗同步行NDP化疗,30～40 mg静脉滴入,1次/周,共6次)。治疗结束后3个月评估近期疗效和近期毒副反应,随访结束后评估远期疗效。结果:同期放化疗组的总有效率高于放疗组,差异有统计学意义(78.9%对514%,P0.05);放疗组和同期放化疗组的2级及以上、3级及以上放射性食管炎发生率差异无统计学意义(40.5%对50.0%,10.8%对18.4%,P0.05)。同期放化疗组的1、3年局部控制率(73.0%对63.6%,49.2%对43.3%,P0.05)和1、3年生存率(69.8%对49.8%,41.3%对30.2%,P0.05)均显著高于放疗组。结论:NDP化疗同步放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的近、远期疗效均优于单纯放疗,且患者能耐受近期毒副反应,因此具有一定临床应用前景。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

小剂量垂体后叶素合并硝酸甘油治疗咯血

目的评价小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗咯血的疗效及不良反应。方法将50例咯血患者随机分为两组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上（n=26）应用小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油;对照组（n=24）在常规治疗基础上仅应用小剂量垂体后叶素。分析其疗效及不良反应。结果48小时后治疗组有效率96.15％（25／26）,对照组有效率58.33％（14／24）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.012）;治疗组对血压影响小,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,对照组能引起血压升高的副作用（P〈0.05）;治疗组出现头晕头痛、胸闷、心悸、腹痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、出汗、面色苍白等不良反应比对照组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗中量咯血比垂体后叶素单药治疗中量咯血疗效明显提高,且能减少垂体后叶素不良反应。     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Complications associated with the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors

To examine the safety profile of products used to treat inhibitor patients unresponsive to factor VIII, a review of published clinical experience was performed. The products evaluated were activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs), such as AUTOPLEX® T, porcine factor VIII and recombinant activated factor VII (rVIIa). Safety characteristics included potential for transmission of infectious agents, anamnesis, thrombogenicity, thrombocytopenia and allergic reactions. While viral transmission has been virtually eliminated, the risk is theoretically higher with plasma-derived products such as aPCC and porcine factor VIII than with rVIIa, although contamination of cultured cells is a concern. Anamnesis occurs with aPCCs and porcine factor VIII, and may induce resistance to further therapy with porcine factor VIII. Thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are very infrequently reported in patients exposed to aPCCs and rVIIa, and never with porcine factor VIII. The latter is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia, but this uncommonly limits treatment with this agent. Lastly, allergic reactions occur with about equal frequency with all products, but anaphylaxis is mainly a concern after administration of porcine factor VIII. In conclusion, products currently available are reasonably safe. Considerations such as efficacy, availability, ease of administration and cost must also be considered in making treatment choices.