胃癌根治术后早期复发转移的相关因素分析

目的 探讨胃癌术后早期复发转移的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2004年12月间收治的141例行胃癌根治术后复发转移患者的临床病理资料,探讨胃癌术后早期复发(≤1年,82例)的临床病理因素及其预后.结果 早期复发组与对照组(1年后复发转移,59例)的1、3年存活率分别为36.6%、2.4%和100%、45.8%,两组存活率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);早期复发组、对照组复发转移后中位生存时间分别为3、5个月,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).单因素分析显示年龄、肿瘤大体分型、肿瘤部位、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、淋巴结转移率、术式、腹腔热灌注化疗与胃癌根治术后早期复发转移的发生相关(P＜0.05);多因素分析发现淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移率及腹腔热灌注化疗是影响胃癌根治术后早期复发转移发生的独立因素(P＜0.05).结论 早期复发转移病例生存率低、复发转移术后生存时间短.淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移率及腹腔热灌注化疗是影响胃癌根治术后早期复发转移的独立危险因素.     

胃癌肝转移患者的手术治疗及预后分析

目的探讨胃癌肝转移患者手术治疗的指征和效果。方法回顾性分析我院1995年9月至2002年5月间经手术治疗的43例胃癌肝转移患者的临床资料。结果全组肝转移程度与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤侵犯深度、分化程度及有无淋巴结转移无相关关系(P>0.05)。异时性肝转移行肝切除4例,中位生存时间为35.0个月,预后明显优于同时性肝转移肝切除患者(中位生存时间10.0个月)(P=0.0233)。同时性肝转移组中,单纯胃切除32例,中位生存时间6.0个月;胃加肝切除7例,中位生存时间10.0个月,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.2799)。不同肝转移程度姑息性胃切除术后生存时间比较,H1、H2和H33组分别为7.5、6.0和4.0个月,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0007)。结论异时性胃癌肝转移患者肝切除术后预后良好,应争取积极手术切除;胃癌肝转移患者同期行胃加肝切除生存率未见明显改善;H3肝转移患者姑息性胃切除预后不佳。     

Size of surgical margin does not influence recurrence rates after curative liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between surgical margin status and site of recurrence after potentially curative liver resection for colorectal metastases using an ultrasonic dissection technique. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2003, 176 patients underwent liver resection with curative intent for colorectal metastases at a single institution. Demographics, operative data, pathological margin status, site of recurrence and long-term survival data were collected prospectively and analysed. RESULTS: On pathological analysis, resection margins were positive in 43 patients, negative by 1-9 mm in 110, and clear by more than 9 mm in 23 patients. At a median follow-up of 33 months, 133 of 176 patients had developed a recurrence, only five of whom had recurrence at the surgical margin. Recurrence at the surgical margin was not significantly related to the size of the margin. Overall, the median time to recurrence was 12.6 months, which was independent of surgical margin size, although there was a significantly higher proportion of patients with multiple metastases in the group with a positive margin (P = 0.008). Margin status did not correlate significantly with either recurrence-free or overall survival. CONCLUSION: The rate of recurrence at the surgical margin was low and a positive margin was not associated with an increased risk of recurrence either at the surgical margin or elsewhere.     

Risk factors for complications after esophageal cancer resection: a prospective population-based study in Sweden

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for complications after resection for esophageal or cardia cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Knowledge of risk factors for complications after esophageal resection for cancer is sparse, and prospective population-based studies are lacking. METHODS: A prospective, nationwide, population-based study was conducted in Sweden in April 2, 2001 through December 31, 2003. Details about tumor characteristics and stage, surgical procedures, and complications were collected prospectively from the Swedish Esophageal and Cardia Cancer register. Medical records and specific charts from surgical procedures, histopathology reports, and intensive care units were continuously scrutinized. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Among 275 patients undergoing surgical resection for esophageal or cardia cancer, 122 (44%) had at least one predefined complication. Operation by low-volume surgeons (<5 operations annually) were followed by more anastomotic leakages than those by surgeons with higher volume (odds ratio, 7.86; 95% confidence interval, 2.13-29.00). Hand-sewn and stapled anastomoses did not differ regarding risk of anastomotic leakage. Among cardia cancer patients, transthoracic approach resulted in more respiratory complications compared with transhiatal (abdominal only) approach (odds ratio, 4.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-13.76). Older age, adjuvant oncologic therapy, and higher preoperative bleeding volume nonsignificantly increased the risks of complications, while no influence of sex or tumor stage was found. CONCLUSIONS: High-volume esophageal surgeons seem to lower the risk of anastomotic leakage. More large-scale studies are warranted to establish the roles of the other potentially important risk factors suggested in our study.     

Risk factors associated with local recurrence after curative resection for rectal cancer

A retrospective study was conducted to identify the factors related to locoregional recurrence in patients who underwent curative resections for primary rectal cancer between January 1986 and April 1994 at Ankara Oncology Hospital in Turkey. A step-wise logistic regression analysis was applied for 116 patients who had complete follow-up. Age, sex, macroscopic size of the lesion, tumor location in the rectum as determined by the distance from the anal verge, obstruction at presentation, tumor histology, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, stage according to TNM classification, differentiation of the tumor, surgical treatment modality, radical abdominopelvic lymphadenectomy (RAPL), and blood transfusion were used as the clinico-pathologic variables. Locoregional recurrent disease was found after a mean follow-up period of 52 months in 28 (24.1%) patients, while the median recurrence-free period was 12 months. Univariate analysis demonstrated that age, disease stage, tumor grade, obstruction, RAPL, blood transfusion, and venous and lymphatic invasion were significant risk factors (P<0.05); however, using multivariate analysis, an increased risk for the development of locoregional recurrence was found to be associated with: age (P=0.0052), stage (P=0.0379), blood transfusion (P=0.0276), obstruction (P=0.0035), and RAPL (P=0.0069).     

Risk factors for early recurrence after curative hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases

Purpose  

With the broadening indications for hepatectomy to treat colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), early recurrence is a major problem. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors of early recurrence, defined as recurrence within 1 year after surgery.     

Liver metastases after curative resection in patients with distal bile duct cancer

BACKGROUND: Curative resection cannot ensure long-term survival for patients with distal bile duct cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the most frequent mode of recurrence after curative resection and to analyse its risk factors. METHODS: Clinical details for 64 consecutive patients with distal bile duct cancer who underwent surgical resection between 1980 and 1997 were reviewed. Modes of recurrence and clinicopathological findings were analysed based on the residual tumour (R) classification. RESULTS: The overall actuarial 5-year survival rate was 32 per cent. Of 42 patients undergoing R0 resection 10 were alive at 5 years, of 17 having R1 resection one was alive at 5 years, and none of the five patients having R2 resection survived for 5 years (R0 versus R1, P = 0.02). In the R0 group, the incidence of liver recurrence (14 of 42 patients) was similar to that in the R1 resection group (six of 17), although there were fewer lymph node and peritoneal recurrences than in patients who had R1 resection (P < 0.05). The high-risk factor for liver metastasis was microscopic vascular involvement. Important factors for survival were lymph node metastasis, microscopic vascular involvement and age. In addition, microscopic vascular involvement was the only independent factor for survival in the R0 group. CONCLUSION: R0 resection provided significant survival benefit but had no effect on liver recurrence. Therefore, new agents or strategies to prevent liver metastasis are necessary for improvement of survival.     

Clinico-pathological study on recurrent gastric cancer after curative resection

Among 675 patients who had undergone curative resection of gastric cancer during last 13 years, 113 died of cancer recurrence. One hundred and forty-five patients who had survived longer than 5 years were used as controls. In the recurrence group, the primary lesion was larger and the lymph node metastasis more common as compared with the surviving controls. Moreover, these lesions were often located at the upper third of the stomach and exhibited Borrmann 3 or 4 type. Prognostic serosal invasion was positive in 75 per cent of the recurrence group and negative in 84 per cent of the surviving controls. The most frequent mode of recurrence was hematogenous metastasis in negative prognostic serosal invasion (54%) and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in positive prognostic serosal invasion (52%). There were no differences in the distribution of gross and histological types of cancer in the modes of recurrence. It was found that peritoneal dissemination and/or local recurrence dominated as the mode of recurrence (51%), followed by hematogenous metastasis (34%), but that lymph node recurrence was uncommon (15%). In peritoneal disseminated cases, long-term survival following reoperation should not be expected. It was suggested that in order to improve the prognosis in the case of hematogenous metastasis, postoperative immunochemotherapy should be applied.     

1031例胃癌外科治疗预后的多因素分析

目的探讨影响胃癌外科治疗预后的因素。方法回顾性分析第四军医大学西京医院普通外科2003年1月至2007年12月间收治的1031例经手术治疗的胃癌患者的临床资料。结果本组早期胃癌95例（9．2％）;其余均为进展期胃癌（90．8％）。胃切除980例（95．1％）,其中根治性切除874例（84．8％）,姑息性切除106例（10．3％）,其余51例（4．9％）行胃空肠吻合或探查手术。本组患者1、3、5年总生存率分别为80．2％、58．0％和48．2％。ⅠA、ⅠB、Ⅱ、ⅢA、ⅢB、Ⅳ期患者的5年生存率分别为93．2％、65．1％、52.3％、41．4％、16．5％和10．6％。经单因素和多因素分析结果显示,影响胃癌患者生存的独立预后因素分别是肿瘤大小（P〈0．01）、血清白蛋白（P〈0．05）、手术根治度（P〈0．05）、TNM分期（P〈0．01）和综合治疗（P〈0．01）。结论根治性手术是治疗胃癌的最有效手段。以手术为中心、施行个体化治疗方案的综合治疗有助于提高胃癌患者的生存率。肿瘤大小、血清白蛋白水平和TNM分期可作为评估胃癌预后的重要指标。     

Predictive factors and timing for liver recurrence after curative resection of gastric carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Advanced and reliable diagnostic methods in order to identify the site of recurrence of gastric cancer in an early stage are needed. METHODS: One hundred twenty patients whose recurrence was confirmed after curative resection for gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Liver recurrence was evident in 41 patients. Advanced age, tumor invasion into subserosa, intestinal and mixed type of histology, Borrmann type 0 to 2, tumor diameter (<6.5 cm), and tumor marker (carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein) elevation were related to liver recurrence. By logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for liver recurrence included Borrmann's classification, histology, and tumor marker elevation. The median time from the primary operation to liver recurrence was shortest in the tumor marker elevation group when compared with other independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: This information may help to design a better follow-up program and appropriate treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis.     

进展期胃癌根治术后复发的预后分析

目的探讨进展期胃癌根治术后复发患者的预后影响因素。方法对2001年1月至2005年1月收治的进展期胃癌根治术后复发的163例患者进行回顾性研究．根据诊断复发时患者有或无临床症状及体征,分为症状复发组和无症状复发组。结果症状复发组72例．无症状复发组91例。两组患者的淋巴结分期差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。无症状复发组中位总体生存期为19．8个月,显著长于症状复发组的15．7个月（P〈0．05）;无症状复发组复发后中位生存期为9．5个月,显著长于症状复发组的4．8个月（P〈0．01）。症状复发组的中位无复发间期为10．0个月．长于无症状复发组的9．2个月（P〈0．05）。单因素分析结果显示,胃癌术后化疗（P〈0．05）、复发类型（P〈0．01）、临床分期（P〈0．01）、无复发间期（P〈0．05）和复发后手术（P〈0．01）是影响胃癌复发患者预后的主要因素;多因素分析结果显示,临床分期（P〈0．01）、复发类型（P〈0．01）、无复发间期（P〈0．05）和复发后手术（P〈0．05）是影响胃癌复发患者预后的独立因素。结论胃癌复发患者的预后较差．胃癌术后2年内是检测随访的重点,积极行再手术治疗有助于延长患者的生存时间。     

Risk factors for surgical site infection after elective resection of the colon and rectum: a single-center prospective study of 2,809 consecutive patients

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing elective resection of the colon and rectum. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: SSI causes a substantial number of deaths and complications. Determining risk factors for SSI may provide information on reducing complications and improving outcome. METHODS: The authors performed a prospective study of 2,809 consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal resection via laparotomy between February 1995 and December 1998 at a single institution. The outcome of interest was SSI, which was classified as being incisional or organ/space with or without clinical leakage. A likelihood ratio forward regression model was used to assess the independent association of variables with SSIs. RESULTS: The overall SSI, incisional SSI, and organ/space SSI with and without clinical anastomotic leakage rates were 4.7%, 3%, 2%, and 0.8%, respectively. Risk factors for overall SSI were American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score 2 or 3 (odd ratio [OR] = 1.7), male gender (OR = 1.5), surgeons (OR = 1.3-3.3), types of operation (OR = 0.3-2.1), creation of ostomy (OR = 2.1), contaminated wound (OR = 2.9), use of drainage (OR = 1.6), and intra- or postoperative blood transfusion (1-3 units, OR = 5.3; >/=4 units, OR = 6.2). However, SSIs at specific sites differed from each other with respect to the risk factors. Among a variety of risk factors, only blood transfusion was consistently associated with a risk of SSI at any specific site. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to ASA score and surgical wound class, blood transfusion, creation of ostomy, types of operation, use of drainage, sex, and surgeons were important in predicting SSIs after elective colorectal resection.     

Long-term survival after a surgical resection of pulmonary metastases from gastric cancer: Report of a case

We describe a patient who survived for a prolonged period after repeated resections of pulmonary metastases from gastric cancer. A 59-year-old man underwent a distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A right middle lobectomy and a left lower lobectomy were performed for metastases from gastric cancer at 34 months and 82 months after the initial gastric resection, respectively. The patient died of cerebral infarction 65 months after the first lung resection, with no further relapse. To our knowledge, long-term survival after resection of pulmonary metastases from gastric cancer has only been reported in 3 patients previously. We herein review the literature and discuss the role of surgery in such patients.     

结直肠癌肝转移肝脏切缘问题研究进展

结直肠癌肝转移(colorectal liver metastases,CRLM)的非解剖性肝切除与保留肝实质理念是近年讨论的热点问题,这就涉及到CRLM的外科切缘问题(是指从肿瘤边缘到肝脏切面的距离)[1]。外科切缘问题既要遵循肝脏外科的基本原则,又要考虑结直肠癌肝转移特有的生物学特性,本文拟就CRLM肝脏切缘研究进展予以回顾。     

Risk factors for surgical site infection in patients with gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the common postoperative complications after gastric cancer surgery. Previous studies have explored the risk factors (such as age, diabetes, anaemia and ASA score) for SSI in patients with gastric cancer. However, there are large differences in the research results, and the correlation coefficients of different research results are quite different. We aim to investigate the risk factors of surgical site infection in patients with gastric cancer. We queried four English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biological Medicine Database, Wanfang Database and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database)) to identify published literature related to risk factors for surgical site infection in patients with gastric cancer. Rev Man 5.4 and Stata 15.0 were used in this meta-analysis. A total of 15 articles (n = 6206) were included in this analysis. The following risk factors were found to be significantly associated with surgical site infection in gastric cancer: male (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.06, 1.55]), age >60 (OR = 2.75, 95% CI [1.65, 4.57]), smoking (OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.46, 2.73]), diabetes (OR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.59, 2.61]), anaemia (OR = 4.72, 95% CI [1.66, 13.40]), preoperative obstruction (OR = 3.07, 95% CI [1.80, 5.23]), TNM ≥ III (OR = 2.05, 95% CI [1.56, 2.70]), hypoproteinemia (OR = 3.05, 95% CI [2.08, 4.49]), operation time ≥3 h (OR = 8.33, 95% CI [3.81, 18.20]), laparotomy (OR = 2.18, 95% CI [1.61, 2.94]) and blood transfusion (OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.01, 2.06]). This meta-analysis showed that male, age >60, smoking, diabetes, anaemia, preoperative obstruction, TNM ≥ III, hypoproteinemia, operation time ≥3 h, open surgery and blood transfusion were the risk factors for SSI in patients with gastric cancer.     

Risk factors for coagulopathy after liver resection

Study ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for coagulopathy in patients undergoing liver resection.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPatients who underwent liver resection at a university hospital between April 2010 and May 2011 were evaluated within seven days after surgery.PatientsOne hundred forty-seven patients were assessed for eligibility. Thirty needed to be excluded because of incomplete data (23) or a preexisting coagulopathy (7).MeasurementsCoagulopathy was defined as 1 or more of the following events: international normalized ratio ≥ 1.4, platelet count < 80,000/μL, and partial thromboplastin time > 38 seconds. Related to the time course and coagulation profile thresholds, 3 different groups could be distinguished: no coagulopathy, temporary coagulopathy, and persistent coagulopathy.Main ResultsSeventy-seven patients (65.8%) had no coagulopathy, whereas 33 (28.2%) developed temporary coagulopathy and 7 (6%) developed persistent coagulopathy until day 7. Preoperative international normalized ratio (P = .001), postoperative peak lactate levels (P = .012), and resected liver weight (P = .005) were identified as independent predictors. Preoperative liver transaminases and transfusion volumes of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma were significantly higher in patients with persistent coagulopathy.ConclusionsEpidural anesthesia is feasible in patients scheduled for liver resection. Caution should be observed for patients with extended resection (≥ 3 segments) and increased postoperative lactate. In patients with preexisting liver disease, epidural catheters should be avoided.     

近端胃癌根治术后早期复发的危险因素分析

目的探讨近端胃癌根治术后早期复发（2年内）的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年5月年间天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院行根治性切除、且有完整随访资料的367例近端胃癌患者的临床资料,其中术后早期复发71例（19．3％）。通过单因素和多因素分析来明确近端胃癌术后早期复发的危险因素。结果早期复发危险因素的单因素分析结果显示．B01Tinann分型（P〈0．01）、病理类型（P〈0．01）、浸润深度（P〈0．05）和阴性淋巴结数与近端胃癌早期复发有关（P〈0．05）：多因素分析显示,病理类型（P〈0．05）、浸润深度（P〈0．05）和阴性淋巴结数（P〈0．01）是近端胃癌早期复发的独立危险因素（均P〈0．05）。早期复发患者的阴性淋巴结数为（8．4±7．2）枚,明显低于无早期复发者的（10．±8．7）枚（P〈0．05）。结论对原发肿瘤浸润深度达B以上、病理类型为腺鳞癌的近端胃癌患者,应适当扩大手术切除范围、积极行标准或扩大的淋巴结清扫．于术中或术后常规加行辅助治疗。     

What factors influence survival in patients with unresected synchronous liver metastases after resection of colorectal cancer?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the survival of patients with untreated synchronous liver metastases after resection of a colorectal cancer was associated with any features of the primary tumour. METHODS: Information for 398 consecutive patients with unresected liver metastases in the period 1971-2001 was examined by multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS: Of 19 clinical and pathological variables considered, survival was independently associated only with residual tumour in a line of resection (hazard ratio (HR) 1.95), venous invasion (HR 1.87), right colonic tumour (HR 1.68), lymph node metastasis (HR 1.54), and extra-hepatic metastasis (HR 1.16); 8.3% of patients had none of these adverse features. Their 2-year overall survival rate was 39.2%, compared with only 16.5% (P < 0.001) in those with one or more adverse features. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may assist in selecting patients most likely to benefit from treatment of hepatic metastases and in counselling patients and their relatives.