退变性腰椎滑脱与关节突关节的方向性

目的：探讨腰椎关节突关节的方向性在退性变腰椎滑脱发生中的病因学意义。方法：34例L4／5退变性腰椎滑脱患者及30名正常对照者的CT扫描片，侧位X线片上关节突关节的方向性及腰椎滑脱程度进行分析。结果：退变性腰椎滑脱患者的关节突关节方向与对照组比较更偏向吴矢状位（P＜0．01），关节突关节不对称程度也更为明显（P＜0．05），小关节椎弓根角更倾向于水平位（P＜0．01），关节突关节角，不对称程度及小关节椎弓根角与腰椎滑脱程度无显著相关性（P＞0．05）。结论：腰椎关节突关节的方向性在退变性腰椎滑脱的发生中可能有一定的病因学意义。     

关节突关节角变化与退变性腰椎滑脱间关系的研究

目的探讨关节突关节角的改变与退变性腰椎滑脱(degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis,DLS)发生之间的因果关系。方法回顾性选取2011-07-2014-07我科收治的50例L4-5单节段退变性前滑脱患者作为DLS组,另选同期50例无腰腿痛和脊椎滑脱的正常患者作为对照组,且使性别、年龄与DLS组相匹配。两组均行站立位腰椎正侧位X线片及腰椎三维CT检查,在腰椎侧位X线上测量腰椎滑脱指数;在CT矢状位图像上选取平行于L3-4、L4-5、L5-S1椎间隙上缘终板的CT横断位图像作为关节突的头侧部分;过椎弓根下缘且平行于L3-4、L4-5、L5-S1椎间隙下缘终板的CT横断图像作为关节突的尾侧部分,在横断位上进行关节突角度测量,同时在骨窗下对关节突的退变进行评估。结果 DLS组L3-4头侧关节突关节角(61.9±6.3)°大于对照组的(56.3±7.5)°,尾侧关节突关节角(57.1±6.9)°大于对照组的(51.9±6.8)°;DLS组L4-5头侧关节突关节角(55.8±5.6)°大于对照组的(50.2±6.7)°,尾侧关节突关节角(53.2±6.8)°大于对照组的(47.0±5.9)°;DLS组L5-S1头侧关节突关节角(49.1±7.8)°大于对照组的(43.9±6.9)°,尾侧关节突关节角(45.1±6.9)°大于对照组的(41.7±5.1)°,差异均具有显著性(P0.05)。DLS组患者L4-5头尾侧角度差值(2.1±0.8)°小于对照组的(5.0±1.3)°,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。DLS组L4-5左右两侧关节突关节角不对称度(8.0±2.0)°大于对照组的(4.2±1.3)°,差异有显著性(P0.05)。按关节突关节退变等级将DLS患者分成3组,各组间滑脱指数差异具有显著性(P0.05),不同退变等级中头、尾侧关节突关节角度差异具有显著性(r=0.457,P0.05)。结论关节突关节矢状化改变更可能是腰椎退变性滑脱发生预先存在的解剖学因素。     

退变性腰椎滑脱症的手术治疗

目的探讨采用后路腰椎椎管减压、钉棒内固定并椎间植骨融合术和后路腰椎减压并Dynesys系统内固定手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的效果。方法应用后路腰椎椎间融合（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）术进行椎管减压、钉棒系统固定并椎体间植骨融合手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱37例;应用后路腰椎管减压并Dynesys内固定手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱5例。结果随访9～39个月,平均26个月,腰痛疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分术前为8.7分,随访时为2.1分;腿痛VAS评分术前为7.6分,随访时为2.3分。术前Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）为58.2%,随访时为21.2%。无严重手术并发症发生。术后X线片复查显示椎间高度均得到不同程度的恢复,滑脱椎体完全复位或者基本复位,椎间植骨融合。无融合器移位或螺钉松动、断裂。结论后路腰椎椎管减压、钉棒内固定并椎间植骨融合术和后路腰椎减压并Dynesys内固定手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱效果满意,安全彻底的神经根管减压是取得满意临床效果的关键。     

退变性腰椎滑脱的治疗策略

目的回顾分析非手术治疗(Ⅰ组)、椎板切除减压结合融合(Ⅱ组),以及减压结合植骨融合并椎弓根内固定术式(Ⅲ组)3种治疗方法的临床疗效,探讨退变性腰椎滑脱的治疗策略。方法采用视觉模拟评分法评定疼痛程度,Stauffer-Coven-try法对两手术组进行术后疗效评定。统计分析手术时间、出血量、神经损伤发生率、再次手术率及植骨融合率。结果Ⅰ组可有效地缓解疼痛,疗效满意。Ⅱ组手术前后评分差异显著(P<0.01),各时间点评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),Ⅲ组亦发生类似改变。手术前后Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组疼痛评分无统计学差异(P>0.05)。Stauffer-Coventry结果示,Ⅱ组优良率为89.7%,Ⅲ组优良率为89.9%,组间无显著性差异。结论根据病理特点治疗退变性脊柱滑脱,内固定仅提高植骨融合率,对手术疗效无显著提高。     

MRI下小关节积液与退变性腰椎滑脱症的关系研究

目的 探讨磁共振(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)下小关节积液与退变性腰椎滑脱症的关系。方法 本研究选择2019年2月～2021年2月本院112例退变性腰椎滑脱症患者,男42例,女70例,年龄(61.33±5.93)岁;均为L_4-5滑脱。收集患者影像资料,MRI轴位片判断小关节积液情况,并设为积液组与未积液组。比较两组患者椎间盘Pfirrmann退变分级、椎体滑脱距离以及滑脱程度,并分析小关节积液宽度与Pfirrmann退变分级、椎体滑脱距离以及滑脱程度的相关性。结果 112例中,小关节积液54例,小关节积液平均宽度(2.90±0.45)mm。积液组病程、ODI指数显著高于未积液组(P<0.05);积液组Pfirrmann分级、椎体滑脱距离以及滑脱程度均显著高于未积液组(P<0.05);积液组小关节积液宽度与Pfirrmann分级、椎体滑脱距离以及滑脱程度均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 退变性腰椎滑脱症普遍存在腰椎小关节积液现象,且小关节积液与腰椎滑脱程度、椎间盘退变分级具有正相关关系,在退变性腰椎滑脱症的诊...     

退变性腰椎滑脱症手术治疗长期疗效观察

目的 探讨退变性腰椎滑脱症的各种手术方法的长期疗效.方法 回顾性分析116例退变性腰椎滑脱症伴腰椎管狭窄的患者不同的手术方法的治疗效果.男性41例,女性75例.所有病例均有腰痛及间歇跛行.根据手术方法将患者分为四组,经5至12年的随访,平均随访时间6.2年.所有随访患者术前术后放射片经相关测量,术前、术后JOA(日本骨科协会)评分.结果 术后JOA评分20～29分,平均28.3分,25分以下6例,25～29分110例.植骨融合失败6例,融合率94.8%.结论 1.术后脊柱是否融合是腰椎滑脱术后中长期疗效的关键;2.各种内固定方法的长期治疗效果无明显差异,但患者承受的经济负担及手术创伤不同.     

脊柱－骨盆矢状位参数及关节突关节角度对退变性腰椎滑脱的影响

目的：探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数及关节突关节角度对退变性腰椎滑脱的影响及相关性研究。方法：以2016年7月至2019年9月确诊的120例L₄-L₅单节段退变性滑脱患者为观察对象（滑脱组）,以性别和年龄相匹配的120例L₄-L₅节段退变性椎管狭窄患者为对照（对照组）。通过影像学资料测量如下参数：骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）,骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）,骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）,腰椎前凸（lumbar lordosis,LL）,胸椎后凸（thoracic kyphosis,TK）,矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）,L₄-L₅头侧关节突关节角,尾侧关节突关节角及小关节不对称性。比较两组患者参数的差异并对有意义参数行Logistic回归分析。对退变性腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节方向与脊柱-骨盆参数进行相关性分析。结果：两组患者在PI、PT、LL、SVA、头侧关节突关节角、尾侧关节突关节角差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析发现PI、PT及头侧关节突关节角是腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素（P<0.05）。滑脱组头侧关节突关节矢状化与PI、PT呈现显著相关（P<0.05）。结论：高PI、PT及头侧关节突关节矢状化是腰椎滑脱的危险因素,并且关节突关节矢状化程度和大PI、PT密切相关。     

退变性腰椎滑脱的关节突关节形态学分析

目的：探讨腰椎关节突关节形态学变化在退变性腰椎滑脱（degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis,DLS）发生中的病因学意义。方法自2007年1月至2013年7月收治的L4,5 DLS患者中随机选取115例作为观察组,男28例,女87例;年龄41~76岁,平均57.3岁。自体检人群（无脊柱滑脱及腰腿痛表现）中随机选取与DLS组年龄、性别相匹配的115例作为对照组,男31例,女84例;年龄45~77岁,平均56.4岁。两组均行腰椎正、侧位X线片,CT平扫及多层面重建检查。于侧位X线片测量DLS组患者腰椎滑脱程度（Taillard指数）,CT图像分别测量滑脱组及对照组L3,4、L4,5节段两侧关节突关节角并评估两组小关节不对称程度,矢状面CT重建图像测量两组L3,4、L4,5关节突关节椎弓根角（pedicle facet angle,P?F角）,对两组相应节段所测角度进行比较分析;CT横断面骨窗下对两组L4,5关节突关节进行退变程度分级并比较,且对DLS组不同退变等级之间的滑脱程度进行分析。对DLS组L4,5的关节突关节角、P?F角与滑脱程度进行相关性分析。结果 DLS组L4,5均为Ⅰ度滑脱。DLS组L3,4、L4,5节段关节突关节角与对照组相应节段相比明显偏向矢状位;P?F角均较对照组大,更倾向于水平位。小关节不对称程度,L4,5节段DLS组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,而L3,4节段的差异无统计学意义。两组L4,5关节突关节退变程度比较差异有统计学意义,DLS组患者L4,5关节突关节不同退变等级之间,滑脱程度的差异无统计学意义。DLS组L4,5滑脱程度与其关节突关节角、P?F角无相关性。结论关节突关节形态学变化（更小的关节突关节角、水平化的P?F角、小关节不对称）对退变性腰椎滑脱的发生具有一定的病因学意义,但其作用不应被夸大;关节突关节退变是随着年龄增长出现的继发性改变,而腰椎滑脱加剧了小关节的退变。     

退变性腰椎滑脱症的临床治疗

目的探讨退变性腰椎滑脱的治疗方法.方法经后路减压、椎弓根螺钉系统内固定、植骨融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱25例.结果术后19例滑脱完全复位,6例滑脱无明显复位但患者症状有明显改善.25例经6～24个月随访,治疗改善率为86.9%,无椎弓根钉断裂及滑脱加重.结论该方法效果满意,术中重点在减压,关键是为融合创造条件.     

退变性腰椎滑脱中腰椎-骨盆结构参数的特点分析

目的:分析退变性腰椎滑脱(degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis,DLS)中腰椎-骨盆结构特点及其在退变性腰椎滑脱症中的意义。方法:对2015年4月至2017年1月收治的45例单纯退行性L_4,5节段腰椎滑脱患者(滑脱组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期50例(对照组)体检资料齐全的健康者进行比较。通过影像学资料对受试者的腰椎-骨盆结构参数进行统计分析,分析DLS患者的脊柱-骨盆特点。观察退变性腰椎滑脱患者椎间盘及关节突关节退变特点。利用Spearson分析各观察项目之间的相关性。结果:滑脱组L_4,5关节突关节角、腰椎前凸角、骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角为(36.5±11.2)°、(44.2±7.3)°、(66.5±11.6)°、(22.2±10.0)°、(33.4±11.3)°。对照组L_4,5关节突关节角、腰椎前凸角、骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角为(44.4±8.2)°、(36.7±8.5)°、(55.4±13.2)°、(14.4±7.0)°、(42.3±13.1)°,滑...     

Orientation and tropism of lumbar facet joints in degenerative spondylolisthesis

The orientation and tropism of the lumbar facet joints at L4-5 level was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 53 patients with degenerative L4-5 spondylolisthesis and 53 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects. The degree of disc degeneration at the L4-5 level and of vertebral slip on lateral radiographs was also evaluated. Patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis had more sagittally orientated facet joints (P < 0.01) and more significant facet joint tropism (P < 0.05) than normal control subjects. For patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis, the facet joint tropism was significantly correlated with the degree of disc degeneration (P < 0.05). The results suggest that morphological abnormalities of the lumbar facet joints are a predisposing factor in the development of degenerative spondylolisthesis.     

关节突关节角度与退行性腰椎滑脱的关系

目的:探讨关节突关节角度与退行性腰椎滑脱(DLS)的关系。方法:选取2008年7月～2010年6月我院收治的60例单纯退行性L4/5节段前滑脱患者为DLS组,年龄55.6±8.8岁,排除腰椎骨折及峡部不连者;对照组为57例同期无滑脱及腰腿痛的其他疾病患者,年龄53.7±9.4岁。两组均行腰椎CT检查,在CT定位像上测量DLS组患者L4/5节段滑移距离及下位椎体矢状径,计算腰椎滑脱程度(Taillard指数);在CT图像上测量两组L3/4、L4/5及L5/S1节段关节突关节角并进行比较分析;骨窗条件下观察DLS组L4/5关节突关节退变程度,按Fujiwara标准进行分级,并按不同退变等级分3组比较滑脱程度;对DLS组L4/5的关节突关节角与滑脱程度进行直线相关性分析。结果:DLS组L4/5均为Ⅰ度滑脱,Taillard指数为0.1679±0.0365。DLS组L4/5关节突关节角为33.1°±12.2°,小于对照组的49.5°±11.4°,差异有显著性(P<0.001);DLS组与对照组L3/4关节突关节角分别为36.1°±9.1°与38.6°±8.0°,无显著性差异(P>0.05);DLS组与对照组L5/S1关节突关节角分别为48.5°±13.0°与51.9°±13.0°,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。DLS组L4/5滑脱Taillard指数与其关节突关节角度无相关性(r=0.065,P>0.05)。DLS组患者L4/5关节突关节退变程度为Ⅱ度4例,Ⅲ度23例,Ⅳ度33例,其滑脱Taillard指数分别为0.1837±0.0418、0.1723±0.0370和0.1589±0.0343,各组间滑脱程度差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:DLS患者滑脱节段的关节突关节角明显小于非滑脱患者的相应节段,但关节突关节角度与DLS的关系尚不明确。     

The correlation between exaggerated fluid in lumbar facet joints and degenerative spondylolisthesis: prospective study of 52 patients

Background  

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to evaluate low back pain; however, MRI in the supine position does not always reveal degenerative spondylolisthesis. The existence of a linear correlation between increased fluid in the facet joints seen on the supine axial T2 MRI of the lumbosacral spine and lumbar instability seen on standing lateral flexion–extension lumbosacral radiographs has recently been reported. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of increased fluid in the lumbar facet joints seen on the supine axial T2 MRI, and to evaluate the correlation of this finding with radiographic evidence of lumbar instability.     

Noninstrumented facet fusion in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy for degenerative spondylolisthesis

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical efficacy of uninstrumented facet fusion in elderly patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy for spinal stenosis due to a single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis. Several studies have clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of concomitant spinal fusion with laminectomy in degenerative spondylolisthesis. Controversy, however, persists regarding the virtues of fusion in this patient population. This study included 62 patients with a single-level grade I or II degenerative spondylolisthesis who underwent laminectomy and uninstrumented facet fusion for unremitting symptoms of spinal stenosis. Group 1 (39 patients) had a fixed degenerative spondylolisthesis with no measurable translation on flexion/extension radiographs, while group 2 (23 patients) had a mobile degenerative spondylolisthesis with preoperative translation. Postoperatively, the 62 listhetic levels were analyzed for radiographic signs of instability on flexion/extension radiographs for a minimum of 24 months. Clinical outcome was assessed in each patient at the time of final follow-up. In group 1 (patients with no preoperative translation), 64% of the index listhetic facet fusion levels had < or = 2 mm of motion on postoperative flexion/extension radiographs, while the other 36% had > 2 mm to < or = 15 mm of motion. Ninety-six percent of patients with < or = 2 mm of postoperative motion were "much better" after surgery, whereas only 50% of patients with > 10 mm of postoperative motion had similar results. Similar trends were also observed in group 2 with 52% of levels having < or = 2 mm motion and patient "much better" outcomes being observed with less motion postoperatively. The overall postoperative radiographic stabilization rate and improved patient outcomes were higher in group 1 than in group 2. In patients undergoing laminectomy for a grade I or II fixed or mobile degenerative spondylolisthesis, concomitant facet fusion decreases motion and stabilizes the spine via a bony fusion or a stable pseudarthrosis. In general, patients with less motion on postoperative flexion/extension radiographs had a better clinical outcome than those with more motion.     

The role and incidence of facet tropism in lumbar spine degenerative disc disease.

The correlation of posterior intervertebral (facet) joint tropism (asymmetry), degenerative facet disease, and intervertebral disc disease was reviewed in a retrospective study of magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine from 100 patients with complaints of low back pain and sciatica. Of the 27 of 100 (27%) of patients discovered to have disc disease (either herniation of nuclear material or bulge) at the L4-5 level, an approximately equal number had facet tropism (14 of 27) as did not (13 of 27). Of the 27 of 100 (27%) patients noted to have disc disease at the L5-S1 level, slightly more (16 of 21) had facet tropism than did not (11 of 27). Of the 65 of 100 (65%) of patients who had facet degenerative disease at the L4-5 level, an approximately equal number had facet tropism (33 of 65) as did not (32 of 100). At the L5-S1 level there was slightly more of a difference, with 25 of 41 having facet degenerative joint disease and tropism and 16 of 41 without it. This study raises questions as to the significance of facet joint tropism in intervertebral disc disease and degenerative facet joint disease but did show that asymmetry of the posterior intervertebral joint is far more common than previously thought: 50% of patients were found to have asymmetric facets at the L5-S1 level and 42% at the L4-5 level.