MRCP在先天性胆管囊性扩张症诊断中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP) 在先天性胆管扩张症诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾分析48例先天性胆管扩张症病人的MRI及MRCP影像特点,并与手术结果相对照.结果 在48例病人中,按Todani 分型I 型28例, Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型1例,Ⅳ型11例, Ⅴ型(Caroli disease)7例,所有病例术中所见与MRCP 影像相符合.MRPC定性和定位准确率达100%.结论 MRCP对诊断和鉴别诊断先天性胆管扩张症具有重要价值.     

肝移植术后血管和胆系并发症的MRI诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振血管造影(MRA)和MR胰胆管成像(MRCP)对诊断肝移植术后血管及胆管并发症的价值。方法7例原位肝移植术后患者均用磁共振(MR)快速自旋回波(TSE)序列及快速小角度激发梯度回波(FLASH)序列常规扫描、MRCP、钆喷替酸葡甲胺(Gd-DTPA)动态增强3DMRA检查，分析各序列图像特点。结果术后正常2例，主要表现少量腹水，积血和轻度淋巴结增大。血管并发症4例：肝动脉过长迂曲1例，肝动脉供体端瘤样轻度扩张2例；门静脉轻度狭窄2例，位于吻合口；肝静脉末梢分支杵状扩张2例。胆系并发症3例：吻合口胆管狭窄3例；在吻合口以外的胆管狭窄2例，位于肝门及肝内；胆总管在吻合口扭曲2例；胆囊管残端黏液囊肿2例；胆漏1例。结论MRA和胆管造影作为1种非侵袭性影像检查方法，可准确、快速诊断肝移植术后出现的血管和胆管并发症，对指导临床诊断及治疗具有重要意义。     

MRCP 对 Caroli 病的诊断价值

Caroli 病是一种罕见的先天性胆管异常,为常染色体隐性遗传性疾病,主要特征为肝内胆管囊状扩张,又称交通性海绵状肝内胆管扩张症[1]。本文对本院自2009-10—2014-03确诊的19例病例进行回顾性分析,总结并探讨了 Caroli 病的磁共振胰胆管成像(MR cholangiopancreatography,MRCP)表现及其诊断价值。     

肝吸虫性胆管炎的磁共振胰胆管成像诊断

目的 探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对肝吸虫性胆管炎的诊断价值。方法 使用3D-FASE(三维高级快速自旋回波)重T2加权扫描技术对54例肝吸虫性胆管炎患者进行MRCP检查，并对照内窥镜逆行性胰胆管造影(ERCP)、腹腔镜和手术病理结果。结果 本组54例肝吸虫性胆管炎的MRCP的定性诊断率为88．9％，主要表现为肝内胆管轻度扩张(46例)，末梢胆管囊状扩张(43例)，肝外胆管扩张(15例)和狭窄(19例)，胆总管及胆囊内充盈缺损性低信号(6例)。结论 采用3D FASE重T2WI序列能获得清晰的MRCP图像。肝吸虫性胆管炎的MRCP特征性表现为肝内胆管轻度扩张合并末梢胆管的小囊状扩张，MRCP是诊断肝吸虫性胆管炎较为理想的方法。     

移植肝排斥反应血管和胆管改变的MR表现

目的：探讨磁共振血管造影（MRA）和胰胆管成像（MRCP）对诊断肝移植术后排斥反应的价值。方法：6例原位肝移植术（OLT）后排斥反应患者均用磁共振（MR）快速自旋回波（TSE）序列及快速小角度激发梯度回波（FLASH）序列常规扫描、磁共振胆管成像（MRCP）、钆喷替酸葡甲胺（Gd-DTPA）动态增强3D MRA检查,分析各序列图像特点。结果：①形态和信号改变：6例患者均有肝脏体积增大,饱满。仅1例重度急性排斥反应患者肝实质信号异常;②血管异常表现：1例急性排斥反应肝左动脉串珠样改变及供体段门静脉明显变细。1例急性排斥反应肝静脉末梢分支杵状扩张而下腔静脉吻合口通畅。其余4例血管无明显异常表现;③胆管异常表现：4例急性排斥反应患者肝内胆管纤细稀疏,1例肝内胆管未显影,1例无明显异常表现。3例慢性排斥反应患者中2例肝内胆管分支稀疏并左肝管串珠样改变;1例胆总管胆泥形成而肝内胆管未见扩张。结论：肝移植术后排斥反应有一些特征性的血管和胆管MR表现。磁共振血管造影和胆管造影作为一种非侵袭性影像检查方法,可以辅助临床诊断肝移植术后排斥反应。     

肝门部胆管癌的磁共振诊断与手术对照研究

目的　探讨磁共振成像(MRI)及磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)在肝门部胆管癌诊断中的价值及对手术可切除性估价的指导意义。方法　回顾性分析20例肝门部胆管癌的MRI及MRCP影像特点,并与手术结果进行对照。结果　MRI18例在肝门区可见软组织肿块, 2例未见到肿块,仅表现肝内胆管扩张及管壁增厚。根据MRI与MRCP影像特点,对肝门部胆管癌的分型结果为:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型6例,Ⅳ型7例,与术中所见对比符合率80%;对肿瘤可切除性进行术前评估,敏感度75%,特异度75%,诊断符合率80%。结论　MRI和MRCP联合应用有助于肝门部胆管癌的诊断、分型及手术可切除性的评估。     

磁共振胰胆管造影诊断Caroli病一例

病例资料:患者,男,53岁,体检行B超检查示“胆囊结石”,于当地医院复查B超示:胆囊结石、多发性胆囊息肉、胆总管扩张,遂于海军总医院行磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)检查.MRCP表现:肝左叶及肝右叶肝门处胆管扩张,肝左叶胆管呈多发囊性串珠样扩张,胆总管上段稍增宽,下段逐渐变细.胆囊略大,边缘较光整,胆囊内见多发直径在10mm以下的短T2信号.诊断为Caroli病.     

胆管癌的MRI诊断(附32例报告)

目的：探讨胆管癌的MR表现及鉴别诊断,方法：收集32例经手术,病理证实的胆管癌,回顾性分析其MR表现,结果：肝内胆管癌2例,MR表现为肝内块状长T1长T2信号,可见中心瘢痕,卫星结节,增强后呈中度环形强化,肝门胆管癌18例,MR表现为肝内胆管扩张,胆总管或左右肝管起始部狭窄,充盈缺损,肝门软组织肿块,中下段胆管癌12例,MR表现为肝内胆管扩张,病变以上胆总管扩张,病变胆总管狭窄,中断及周围软组织肿块,MRCP对扩张的肝内胆管,胆总管及狭窄端胆总管形态显示良好。结论：肝内胆管癌及肝门部胆管癌根据MR表现不难作出诊断,胆总管癌须认真分析MR及MRCP表现,鉴别其他低位梗阻性胆道疾病后作出诊断。     

复发性化脓性胆管炎的影像诊断

目的 分析复发性化脓性胆管炎(RPC)的影像学表现,以提高对本病的认识.资料与方法 6例中4例经手术、2例穿刺证实.6例术前1或2次超声检查,4例术前CT平扫和增强,2例术后CT平扫,6例术前均作MR平扫和磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP),4例作动态增强扫描.结果 (1)肝内胆管病变:MRI发现肝内胆管不对称性扩张5例, 伴多发性结石3例.B超显示左肝管扩张和结石4例,漏诊右肝管结石1例、误诊1例,但发现肝内胆管积气1例.(2)胆总管病变:MRI发现胆总管多发性结石2例、单发结石1例和泥沙样结石1例.B超未能显示泥沙样结石,1例胆总管下端显示不清.(3)胆囊病变:MRI显示胆囊萎缩2例,胆囊炎1例,无异常1例,胆囊切除2例.B超显示胆囊萎缩2例,胆囊炎2例,胆囊切除2例中1例残端结石.(4)肝实质病变:MRI显示肝左叶萎缩3例,胆汁性肝硬化2例,囊性扩张的肝内胆管边缘肝组织渐进性强化6例共20个病灶:单发3例,多发(4～8个)3例,分别位于肝Ⅱ段2个,Ⅲ段2个,Ⅴ段3个,Ⅶ段6个和Ⅷ段7个;扩张的胆管截面呈圆形19个、长辫子状1个,直径1.5～4.5 cm;信号特点:长T1、长T2信号,并见等T1、短T2信号分隔,典型者呈"梅花瓣状".动态增强动脉期显示囊状扩张的肝内胆管边缘轻度环形强化,门脉期中度强化,环壁增厚,静脉期和延迟期持续强化.结论 (1)肝内外胆管不规则扩张、胆系结石、胆囊炎、胆汁性肝硬化是本病的基础病变.(2)典型的影像学表现:肝内胆管多房囊性扩张并周边渐进性强化为特征,MRI平扫、增强和MRCP对本病的及时诊断具有重要意义,B超可以作为初步筛选手段.     

先天性胆管扩张的鉴别诊断

目的探讨磁共振胆胰管造影(MRCP)诊断儿童先天性胆管扩张的临床价值。方法回顾性分析78例先天性胆管扩张患儿的MRI和MRCP表现,并与手术病理结果进行对照分析。结果先天性胆管囊肿76例,Ⅰ型33例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型0例,Ⅳ型41例,Ⅴ型0例,囊肿型胆道闭锁2例;先天性胆管囊肿常合并胆囊扩大(53.9%),胆汁淤积(75%)和结石(42.1%);囊肿型胆道闭锁其胆管扩张局限,肝门部及门静脉周围可见局限斑片状长T_2信号,无胆囊扩大,胆汁淤积和结石等合并症。结论 MRCP能正确诊断先天性胆管扩张,可有效鉴别诊断先天性胆管囊肿和囊肿型胆道闭锁。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.