术前Halo重力牵引对Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病伴严重脊柱侧后凸畸形截骨等级的影响

目的:探讨术前Halo重力牵引(Halo-gravity traction,HGT)对Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病(neurofibromatosis typeⅠ,NF1)伴严重脊柱侧后凸患者截骨等级的影响.方法:回顾性分析2011年1月～2018年12月在我院治疗的19例NF1合并严重脊柱侧后凸畸形患者的临床及影像学资料,其中男...     

先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的治疗现状

先天性脊柱侧后凸是由脊柱的结构发育异常所导致的一种常见的脊柱畸形。该类型发现早,畸形重,对心肺的发育及功能影响大,矫形困难,并发症多,近十年来其治疗有较大进展。本文将就其治疗现状进行综述。     

严重脊柱侧凸后路矫形术前Halo牵引致臂丛神经麻痹

目的:探讨严重脊柱侧凸后路矫形术前Halo牵引致臂丛神经麻痹的临床特征及预后。方法:300例严重脊柱侧凸后路矫形术前采用Halo牵引治疗时7例并发臂丛神经麻痹,其中男2例,女5例,年龄9～19岁,平均14岁,特发性脊柱侧凸1例,先天性脊柱侧凸3例,神经肌源性脊柱侧凸3例。Cobb角90°～135°,平均110°,3例伴脊髓纵裂和拴系综合征,2例伴胸腰椎后凸畸形。牵引期间,患者出现上肢神经症状时,立即减轻牵引重量,配合指间关节、腕、肘、肩关节康复训练,加强手完成精细动作的训练;同时应用神经营养药物治疗,并观察患者上肢神经功能恢复情况及时间。结果:7例患者的牵引时间2～6周,平均3.5周,平均Halo牵引重量8kg,相应于平均体重的19%(13%～26%)。7例患者的平均体重仅为40.2kg,而平均身高为175cm,均为瘦长体形。发现臂丛麻痹的时间为症状出现后1～3h。7例患者均有不同程度的手和前臂尺侧麻木。3例患者出现正中神经麻痹;4例患者尺神经麻痹。7例患者神经功能在3个月内均获得了完全性恢复。结论:Halo牵引并发臂丛神经麻痹的临床特征为正中神经、尺神经麻痹及手、前臂尺侧麻木,相应于臂丛C8、T1神经根损伤。及时发现并立即减轻或去除牵引重量、康复训练、应用神经营养药物治疗可实现完全性神经功能恢复。     

Halo重力牵引在伴神经损害的严重上胸段角状后凸畸形矫形术前的应用

目的:探讨严重上胸段角状后凸畸形伴神经损害患者术前Halo重力牵引+脊柱后路矫形内固定术的矫形效果。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年12月行术前Halo重力牵引+脊柱后路矫形内固定术治疗的严重上胸段角状后凸畸形伴神经损害患者16例,男11例,女5例;年龄（12.9±5.6）岁（范围6~27岁）。牵引后、手术后...     

一期头盆环牵引二期后路截骨矫正重度脊柱后凸侧后凸的临床效果评价

[目的]探讨一期头盆环牵引,二期后路截骨矫正重度脊柱后凸、侧后凸治疗的临床效果。[方法]回顾分析本院2006年1月²013年12月收治的80例重度脊柱后凸、侧后凸患者,均行一期头盆环牵引、二期后路截骨矫正的手术方案,对患者治疗效果进行评价。[结果]对于重度的脊柱后凸、侧后凸患者采用一期头盆环牵引后,脊柱后凸角明显减小,二期后路截骨矫正治疗后有效的避免了直接矫正时损伤脊髓及神经的并发症的发生,同时保证了矫形效果的最大化。[结论]通过选择一期头盆环牵引、二期后路截骨矫正治疗重度脊柱后凸、侧后凸畸形,可通过一期牵引使畸形部分松弛,从而保证矫形的最大化,是一种安全、有效、具有良好耐受性的治疗方法,矫形效果明显。     

垂直悬吊牵引像在重度脊柱侧凸矫形中的应用

目的分析悬吊牵引像在脊柱侧凸矫形中预测上、下固定椎的作用。方法选择2004年7月至2008年7月北京协和医院骨科收治的胸椎侧凸畸形患者27例,男15例,女12例,年龄11～21岁,平均15.5岁。所有患者均采用后路脊柱侧凸矫形植骨融合、钉钩混合固定,随访6～36个月,平均14.7个月。采用标准方法测量术前脊柱正侧位悬吊牵引像,术后及随访正位像的Cobb角、顶椎偏距、悬吊稳定椎等,测量所得结果进行统计学分析。结果 （1）术后胸弯平均Cobb角为43.8°,术后随访平均Cobb角为51.1°,较术前（平均Cobb角84.6°）明显改善（P〈0.01）,平均矫正率为48.2%;（2）悬吊像胸弯Cobb角与术后胸弯Cobb角呈正相关（P〈0.01）;（3）悬吊像顶椎偏距、术后胸弯顶椎偏距与术前顶椎偏距有显著差异（P〈0.01）;（4）悬吊像下平分椎倾斜度与术前站立位下固定椎无显著差异（P〉0.05）,与术后及随访的下固定椎倾斜度有显著差异（P〈0.01）;（5）悬吊像上平分椎倾斜度与术前站立位上固定椎、术后及随访的上固定椎倾斜度有显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论选择悬吊牵引像的稳定椎作为脊柱侧凸矫形中上、下固定椎,术后平衡效果良好。     

脊柱侧凸术前牵引的作用

作者于1986～1996年间,手术治疗不同类型的脊柱侧凸165例,应用自行研制的脊柱牵引矫形床改善病人的侧凸角度,并对手术矫正度进行预测,减少了手术并发症,收到了良好的效果。本文对侧凸类型,累及节段,病人年龄等方面的数据进行统计学比较分析,得出了不同情况下牵引和手术矫正的具体参数,现报告如下:     

严重脊柱侧后凸畸形头盆环支撑牵引预治疗31例体会

从1998年10月至2003年5月，我院骨科利用头盆环支撑牵引后行脊柱后路手术治疗严重脊柱侧后凸31例获得满意疗效。头盆环支撑牵引作为脊柱后路手术矫形的前期治疗，在治疗的全过程中有着重要的意义，故本引用“预治疗”的概念，称其为“头盆环支撑牵引预治疗”。现将治疗体会总结如下。     

术前Halo重力牵引对重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者肺功能和营养状况的作用

目的探究术前Halo重力牵引在改善重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者脊柱畸形、肺功能以及营养状况方面的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2012年11月—2015年12月在本院行术前Halo重力牵引的重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸的15例患者资料,其中男5例,女10例;年龄13~37岁,平均21.3岁。采用全脊柱影像学检查中主弯Cobb角度评价脊柱畸形程度,用力肺活量(FVC)与预测值的百分比(FVC%)评价肺功能,体质量指数(BMI)和血浆白蛋白浓度衡量患者的一般营养状况。对牵引前后上述指标进行比较分析。结果经平均135.6 d的Halo重力牵引后,患者主弯Cobb角由牵引前92.1°±26.2°改善至牵引后74.8°±3.2°,矫形效果达(20±16)%。FVC%由(60.0±15.0)%上升至(67.0±9.6)%。BMI值由牵引前(16.4±3.9)kg/m~2小幅升高至(18.0±2.8)kg/m~2,血浆白蛋白浓度由牵引前(42.3±3.4)g/L小幅升高至(45.4±2.3)g/L。牵引前后患者主弯Cobb角、FVC%、BMI值及血浆白蛋白浓度比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论术前Halo重力牵引对于重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者有一定的改善肺功能、矫正脊柱畸形的作用,但在提高患者营养状况方面的作用有限。     

Halo-gravity traction in the treatment of severe spinal deformity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

Halo-gravity traction has been reported to successfully assist in managing severe spinal deformity. This is a systematic review of all studies on halo-gravity traction in the treatment of spinal deformity to provide information for clinical practice.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted for articles on halo-gravity traction in the treatment of spinal deformity according to the PRISMA guidelines. Appropriate studies would be included and analyzed. Preoperative correction rate of spinal deformity, change of pulmonary function and prevalence of complications were the main measurements.

Results

Sixteen studies, a total of 351 patients, were included in this review. Generally, the initial Cobb angle was 101.1° in the coronal plane and 80.5° in the sagittal plane, and it was corrected to 49.4° and 56.0° after final spinal fusion. The preoperative correction due to traction alone was 24.1 and 19.3%, respectively. With traction, the flexibility improved 6.1% but postoperatively the patients did not have better correction. Less aggressive procedures and improved pulmonary function were observed in patients with traction. The prevalence of traction-related complications was 22% and three cases of neurologic complication related to traction were noted. The prevalence of total complications related to surgery was 32% and that of neurologic complications was 1%.

Conclusion

Partial correction could be achieved preoperatively with halo-gravity traction, and it may help decrease aggressive procedures, improve preoperative pulmonary function, and reduce neurologic complications. However, traction could not increase preoperative flexibility or final correction. Traction-related complications, although usually not severe, were not rare.

     

Preoperative skeletal traction in scoliosis.

To determine the role of preoperative traction in the treatment of spinal curves, ten patients with curves averaging 81 degrees by the Cobb measurement were studied. Each patient was treated in traction by means of a halo or skull tongs and femoral pins for two to three weeks prior to the surgical correction of the scoliosis with instrumentation. Weights were added to the traction apparatus, 1.8 kilograms a day, to a maximum of 18.1 kilograms. Pretraction supine roentgenograms were compared with supine roentgenograms made at three-day intervals throughout the traction period. Preoperative traction resulted in an average improvement of the curves of 34 degrees, or 41 per cent of the initial curve. Most of the correction was obtained within the first week of traction. Further correction during surgery with Harrington instrumentation yielded 13.5 degrees on the average (16 per cent) so that combined correction averaged 47 degrees, or 57 per cent.     

Halo-pelvic traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis: a meta-analysis

Purpose

To provide better evidence of the efficacy and safety of preoperative halo-pelvic traction on the improvements of deformity and pulmonary functions in patients with severe scoliosis.

Methods

Electronic database searches were conducted including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. All studies of halo-pelvic traction for the management of severe spinal deformity were included. We referred to a list of four criteria developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to assess the quality of included studies. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

Based on the study selection criteria, a total of eight articles consisting of a total of 210 patients were included. Statistically significant differences were found in coronal Cobb angle (P < 0.001), sagittal Cobb angle (P < 0.001) and height (P < 0.001) between pre- and post-traction. Sensitivity analysis was conducted, and there were substantial changes in heterogeneity with preoperative thoracoplasty subgroup in coronal Cobb angle (P < 0.001). Three trials including 74 subjects reported FVC and FEV1 predicted value between pre- and post-traction. There were statistically significant differences in FVC, FVC%, FEV1 and FEV1% (P < 0.001). The complication rate was 6.6–26.7%, and symptoms disappeared after reasonable traction strategy and intensive care.

Conclusions

Preoperative halo-pelvic traction achieved significant improvements in spinal deformity and pulmonary functions, with minor and curable complications. Thus, it is an effective and safe solution before surgery and may be the optimal choice for severe scoliosis. In light of the heterogeneity and limitations, future researches are needed to better determine the long-term efficacy on comprehensive assessment and to explore the appropriate traction system.

     

Halo-gravity traction combined with assisted ventilation: an effective pre-operative management for severe adult scoliosis complicated with respiratory dysfunction

Purpose

To investigate the change of pulmonary function in adult scoliosis patients with respiratory dysfunction undergoing HGT combined with assisted ventilation.

Methods

21 adult patients were retrospectively reviewed with a mean age of 26.2 years. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age over 18 years old; coronal Cobb angle greater than 100°; with respiratory failure; and duration of HGT more than 1 month. All patients underwent respiratory training.

Results

The Cobb angle averaged 131.21° and was reduced to 107.68° after HGT. Significantly increased mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was found after HGT (P = 0.003) with significantly improved percent-predicted values for FVC (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, significantly increased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was also observed (P < 0.001) with significantly improved percent-predicted values for FEV1 (P = 0.003) after HGT.

Conclusion

The results of our study revealed that combined HGT and assisted ventilation would be beneficial to pulmonary function improvement in severe adult scoliosis cases, most of which were young adults.

     

Preoperative halo-traction in severe paralytic scoliosis

AIM: During the past decades the treatment of severe paralytic scoliosis has developed towards surgical treatment. However there is controversial discussion about the need of pre-operative Halo-traction. The aim of this study was to built two groups of patients -- one group with and another one without pre-operative Halo-traction -- and to compare the results after surgical correction of scoliotic deformity with data from literature. METHOD: Between 2000-2003 twenty-five patients with severe neuromuscular spine deformity were treated surgically. Eight patients had preoperative Halo-traction, seventeen patients underwent directly operative correction and instrumentation. The evaluation included the pre- and postoperative X-rays as well those after Halo-traction before surgery. RESULTS: In the group without Halo-traction the scoliotic angle according to Cobb was reduced from 77 degrees to 33 degrees on average (mean correction of 44 degrees [57 %]). In the group with Halo-traction scoliosis was reduced from 85 degrees to 33 degrees on average (mean correction of 52 degrees [61 %]). CONCLUSION: The preoperative Halo-traction in patients with severe neuromuscular scoliosis indeed leads to radiologically higher correction, but this is not significant (p = 0.19) and only in single cases clinically relevant. In our point of view except from specific indications Halo-traction should not be applied in general as a standard procedure.     

颈椎牵引预矫形结合手术矫形治疗重度颈椎后凸畸形

目的 :研究颈椎牵引预矫形结合手术矫形与单纯手术矫形治疗重度颈椎后凸畸形的疗效,探讨重度颈椎后凸畸形的治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析2003年3月~2017年3月,在我院接受手术治疗的大于40°的重度颈椎后凸畸形患者共32例,男24例,女8例。年龄5.9~63.4岁,平均19.5±12.2岁。根据治疗方案是否行牵引预矫形分为牵引组及非牵引组。牵引组26例,其中4例为颅骨牵引,22例为颈椎平衡悬吊牵引,6例先行颈椎松解手术、而后采用牵引预矫形,最后进行颈椎矫形内固定融合手术。非牵引组6例,单纯采用颈椎矫形内固定融合手术。测量及记录所有患者治疗前、矫形手术(前路、后路或前后联合入路矫形融合内固定手术)后出院前(术后2周左右)、末次随访时,以及牵引组患者牵引后(矫形手术前)不同时间点的颈椎后凸节段的后凸角、JOA脊髓功能评分并进行比较。结果 :本组32例后凸角由治疗前73.5°±26.5°矫正至术后16.6°±17.2°,最终矫正率平均(79.8±19.0)%,术后与治疗前存在统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗前JOA评分11.9±4.5分,术后JOA评分15.2±2.9分,有统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗前牵引组的后凸角(77.9°±26.5°)明显大于非牵引组(54.7°±18.2°,P0.05),但是牵引组的手术矫正率(81.7±17.9)%高于非牵引组(73.4±25.8)%,存在统计学差异(P0.05)。采用平衡悬吊牵引的牵引预矫正率(70.3±18.7)%及手术后的最终矫正率(83.8±14.4)%与采用颅骨牵引的相应指标(52.2±21.8)%、(70.4±32.1)%相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :对于重度颈椎后凸畸形,采用颈椎牵引预矫形,结合前路、后路或者前后联合入路矫形固定融合手术,可以取得良好的矫形效果。     

Efficacy of perioperative halo-gravity traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis in children.

SUMMARY: Perioperative halo traction was used in the treatment of severe scoliosis in 19 children. Diagnoses included neuromuscular, idiopathic, and congenital scoliosis. Traction was transferable between the bed and a walker or wheelchair. Thirteen patients had prior spinal surgery, and most required osteotomy. Traction was used for 6 to 21 weeks. All patients underwent spinal fusion surgery after traction, with instrumentation used in 15 patients. Improvement was achieved in all patients. The Cobb angle improved 35% from an average 84 degrees before traction (range 63 degrees -100 degrees ) to 55 degrees preceding fusion. Trunk decompensation improved in all patients. Trunk height increased 5.3 cm in traction. Response to traction did not correlate with diagnosis, patient age, or prior surgery. There were no neurologic complications. Perioperative halo-gravity traction improves trunk balance and frontal and sagittal alignment in children with severe spinal deformity. Surgical fusion was enhanced by the improved alignment, and neurologic injury was avoided.