综合性治疗复发性卵巢上皮性癌的疗效及预后分析

目的　探讨个体化、分阶段综合治疗复发性卵巢上皮性癌 (卵巢癌 )的疗效 ,及分析影响预后的因素。方法　对 70例卵巢癌分两个阶段进行治疗 ,第一阶段为诱导缓解治疗阶段 ,即对铂类药物敏感患者选用紫杉醇 顺铂 (TP)或卡铂 环磷酰胺 (CP)方案进行化疗 ;对铂类药物耐药患者选用紫杉醇 丝裂霉素 (TM)或足叶乙甙 丝裂霉素 (VM)二线药物化疗方案进行化疗。化疗后行二次肿瘤细胞减灭术 ,使残留癌灶直径≤ 1cm。对经化疗或合并二次肿瘤细胞减灭术获得临床缓解的患者 ,进行残留癌灶局部放疗。第二阶段为巩固治疗阶段 ,即对获得临床缓解的患者采用间断、小剂量化疗 ,在化放疗期间选用干扰素等免疫治疗。结果　 70例患者的 1～ 5年总生存率分别为 6 7%、5 1%、4 5 %、38%、32 % ,中位生存期为 38 5 7个月 ;1～ 3年无癌生存率分别为 4 1%、37%、2 4 % ,中位无癌生存期为 12 0 0个月。多因素分析结果显示 ,中位停用铂类药物治疗时间 (P <0 0 5 )、Karnofsky评分 (P <0 0 1)、残留癌灶大小 (P <0 0 1)及化疗次数 (P <0 0 5 )等 ,是卵巢癌复发后生存期的独立预后影响因素 ,而残留癌灶大小 (P <0 0 5 )及化疗次数 (P <0 0 1) ,是卵巢癌复发后无癌生存期的独立预后影响因素。结论　个体化、分阶段的综合治疗     

铂类药物化疗和补救手术治疗二探术无阳性发现的卵巢癌复发

为评价铂类药物化疗后补救性手术治疗二次探查术(二探术)无阳性发现的复发性卵巢癌的疗效,1982～1994年米兰大学San Gerardo医院妇产科对38例卵巢上皮性癌患者进行研究。行细胞减灭术后用铂类药物静脉化疗获得完全缓解,二探术未发现病变,复发后再次使用铂制剂,部分敏感,单发病灶行补救手术切除。从手术至确诊复发的平均时间为27(12～83)个月,二探术至复发的平均时间为22     

铂敏感复发性卵巢癌维持治疗药物的研究进展

卵巢癌作为妇科疾病中预后最差的恶性肿瘤,发病较为隐匿,临床早期诊断难度大。对卵巢癌患者行全面分期手术辅以铂类或紫杉醇的药物化疗的标准治疗方案后,复发率极高,复发患者在多次化疗后易产生铂类药物耐药性,治疗效果愈发低下。因此,如何减少肿瘤复发、延长患者生存时间、提高生存质量一直是临床治疗卵巢癌的难点。对于铂敏感复发性卵巢癌患者,需对其在进行手术加化疗后采取维持治疗,通过抗血管生成药物、多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶[poly（ADP-ribose）polymerase,PARP]抑制剂等分子靶向药物维持患者化疗后疗效,以延长患者无进展生存期及延迟复发,改善生存率及生活质量。综述目前有关铂敏感复发性卵巢癌维持治疗的相关药物治疗方法,展望维持治疗在铂敏感复发性卵巢癌治疗中的应用前景。     

多西他赛联合奈达铂治疗复发性浆液性卵巢癌的疗效观察

目的研究多西他赛联合奈达铂治疗复发性上皮性卵巢癌的疗效及其安全性。方法回顾性分析34例复发性上皮性卵巢癌患者,根据实体肿瘤治疗疗效评估标准(RECIST)和血清CA125水平评估多西他赛联合奈达铂化疗方案的疗效,并依据WHO抗癌药物毒性表现及分级标准评估其安全性。结果 34例患者在完成2个化疗疗程后,完全缓解10例(29.4%),部分缓解10例(29.4%),病情稳定9例(26.5%),进展5例(14.7%),总有效率58.8%,疾病控制率85.3%。主要不良反应为轻度骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应。结论多西他赛联合奈达铂化疗方案治疗复发性上皮性卵巢癌,无论铂类敏感或耐药,均有较好的疗效,且不良反应相对轻微。     

卵巢癌拓扑异构酶Ⅱα表达与化疗敏感性的关系

目的 :研究卵巢癌拓扑异构酶Ⅱα表达与化疗敏感性的关系。方法 :采用免疫组化Envision法检测 81例上皮性卵巢癌TopoⅡα的表达 ,并予以 3～ 8个疗程以铂类为主的联合化疗。结果 :低分化卵巢癌TopoⅡα的表达明显高于中、高分化者 (P =0 .0 4 7) ,术前行化疗的卵巢癌TopoⅡα表达明显低于术前未化疗者 (P =0 .0 0 2 ) ,而复发性卵巢癌TopoⅡα表达再次升高 ;不考虑MDR1因素时 ,TopoⅡα与化疗敏感性间未见明显的相关性 (P =0 .0 73) ,而在排除MDR1影响后 ,TopoⅡα表达与化疗疗效间具有明显相关性 (P=0 .0 2 6 ) ,阳性表达时化疗效果好 ,未发现TopoⅡα的表达强度与化疗疗效间有相关性(P =0 .98)。结论 :TopoⅡα表达与卵巢癌分化程度有关 ,化疗影响TopoⅡα的表达 ,复发病例TopoⅡα表达重新增强 ,MDR1阴性时 ,TopoⅡα表达与化疗敏感性间具有明显相关性。因此 ,可以根据卵巢癌TopoⅡα表达情况 ,制定合理的化疗方案     

大剂量米托蒽醌、卡铂及环磷酰胺加自体骨髓移植解救复发的上皮性卵巢癌:临床效果和危险因素的分析

尽管以顺铂为基础的联合化疗对卵巢癌的首次治疗有效率提高,但是多数卵巢癌死于肿瘤对药物的耐药性。这种耐药性在较早使用大剂量化疗加自体骨髓移植治疗白血病及淋巴瘤中已被克服。通过这种方法治疗30例复发或难治性上皮性卵巢癌,前瞻性研究了其临床意义和危险因素。 本实验组共30例病例,均为首次减瘤术后给予1～4次以顺铂为基础的联合化疗的复发性上皮性卵巢癌,其中20例对铂类药物耐药(占67％),其余10例对铂类药物敏感(占33％),22例病例肿瘤直     

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合铂类或异环磷酰胺治疗复发性卵巢癌的疗效及安全性分析

目的:观察白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合铂类或异环磷酰胺治疗复发性卵巢癌的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法:回顾分析我院46例复发性卵巢癌患者接受含不同制剂紫杉醇的联合化疗的疗效及安全性。26例铂敏感复发患者分别采用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇或溶剂型紫杉醇联合铂类化疗,20例铂耐药复发患者采用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇或溶剂型紫杉醇联合异环磷酰胺方案,每21天为1疗程,直至完全缓解后再巩固2个疗程或疾病进展或出现不可耐受的不良反应。比较患者间临床效果、毒副作用及预后差异。结果:铂敏感复发患者中,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组的完全缓解率显著高于溶剂型紫杉醇组(60%vs 18.8%,P0.05);两组的客观缓解率分别为90%、75%。铂耐药复发患者中,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组的完全缓解率显著高于溶剂型紫杉醇组(16.7%vs 0%,P0.05);两组的客观缓解率分别为66.7%、57.1%。铂敏感复发患者中,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组及溶剂型紫杉醇组的中位无进展生存时间(PFS)分别为10.25、7.5个月(P0.05);铂耐药复发患者中白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组及溶剂型紫杉醇组的中位PFS分别为7.8、5.6个月(P0.05)。4组患者的不良反应主要表现为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,铂敏感、铂耐药患者中白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组及溶剂型紫杉醇组各种严重不良反应的发生率均无显著差异。结论:与溶剂型紫杉醇比较,含有白蛋白结合型紫杉醇的联合化疗方案治疗铂敏感或铂耐药复发性卵巢癌均有更高的完全缓解率,可有效延长PFS,且不额外增加严重毒副反应的发生率。     

IAP方案治疗复发及耐药性卵巢上皮性癌的临床分析

目的 探讨奥沙利铂+表柔比星+异环磷酰胺(1AP)方案治疗复发及耐药性卵巢上皮性癌(卵巢癌)的有效性和安全性.方法 2004年7月-2008年1月间,北京大学人民医院共收治复发及耐药性卵巢癌患者25例,均行IAP方案(其中奥沙利铂130 mg/m2,表柔比星50～60 mg/m2,异环磷酰胺3～4 g/m2)化疗,疗程间隔3周.其中接受≥2个疗程IAP方案化疗的21例纳入本研究,并对其疗效及化疗副反应进行回顾性分析.21例患者共接受80个疗程的IAP方案化疗,化疗疗程的中位数为4个[(2～7)个].结果 (1)疗效评价:21例患者中,完全缓解10例(48%),部分缓解5例(24%),病情稳定1例(5%),病情进展5例(24%),有效率达71%.其中,原发性铂类药物耐药患者的有效率为60%(6/10),继发性铂类药物耐药患者的有效率为7/8.IAP方案化疗后肿瘤无进展时间的中位数为11个月(1～33个月),总生存时间的中位数为31个月(1～71个月).(2)副反应:80个疗程的化疗中,血液学副反应(Ⅲ～Ⅳ度)的发生率为30%(24/80),非血液学副反应包括周围神经毒性反应(38%,30/80)、浅表静脉炎(29%,23/80)等.结论 IAP方案用于复发及耐药性卵巢癌患者的三、四线挽救性化疗,其疗效较好,且副反应可耐受,但有待扩大样本进一步验证.     

复发性卵巢癌的治疗选择——手术还是化疗

复发性卵巢癌的治疗是妇科肿瘤中棘手的问题,一般包括再次手术和挽救化疗.对铂类敏感的复发性卵巢癌,可以在二次肿瘤细胞减灭术的基础上,再使用铂类为基础的联合化疗方案.对铂类耐药的复发性卵巢癌,根据患者的具体情况,权衡手术和化疗的利弊,挽救化疗时宜选择其他二线化疗药物进行单药序贯化疗.对复发性卵巢癌手术,要严格选择、充分准备,尽可能完全切除复发癌灶,为挽救化疗创造有利条件.     

复发性卵巢癌的治疗选择——手术还是化疗

复发性卵巢癌的治疗是妇科肿瘤中棘手的问题，一般包括再次手术和挽救化疗。对铂类敏感的复发性卵巢癌。可以在二次肿瘤细胞减灭术的基础上，再使用铂类为基础的联合化疗方案。对铂类耐药的复发性卵巢癌，根据患者的具体睛况，权衡手术和化疗的利弊，挽救化疗时宜选择其他二线化疗药物进行单药序贯化疗。对复发性卵巢癌手术。要严格选择、充分准备，尽可能完全切除复发癌灶，为挽救化疔创造有利条件。     

影响复发上皮性卵巢癌化疗疗效的临床病理因素分析

目的:分析影响铂类敏感型及耐药型复发上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)患者预后的相关临床病理因素。方法:回顾分析1985年1月至2011年11月广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的复发EOC患者83例,其中铂类敏感型56例,耐药型27例。采用Kaplan-meier生存率曲线、Log-rank test检验和Cox模型多因素回归分析法分析影响复发EOC患者预后的相关因素。结果:(1)铂类敏感型复发EOC患者的中位无进展生存期(PFS)为11个月(95%CI 9.105～12.895),中位总生存期(OS)为16个月(95%CI 13.144～18.856);铂类耐药型复发EOC患者的中位PFS为8个月(95%CI 4.219～11.781),中位OS为10个月(95%CI 3.824～16.176)。(2)复发后伴有腹水、复发后化疗方案、化疗疗程、化疗效果是影响敏感型复发EOC患者的重要预后因素(P<0.05);无复发生存时间(RFS)、复发后伴有腹水、复发部位、化疗效果是影响耐药型复发EOC患者的重要预后因素(P<0.05)。(3)复发后化疗疗程数、复发后伴有腹水、化疗疗效是影响敏感型复发EOC患者预后的独立危险因素,而复发部位是影响耐药型复发EOC患者预后的独立危险因素。结论:铂类敏感型患者复发后宜选择与一线类似的铂类联合方案化疗,并尽可能化疗至6疗程。复发病灶位于盆腹腔是影响耐药型患者预后的独立危险因素,应积极治疗。     

Weekly single-agent carboplatin in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian, peritoneal and fallopian tube carcinoma

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To report the experience of a single institution in the south of Israel with weekly carboplatin in heavily pretreated patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian, peritoneal and fallopian tube carcinoma. METHODS: The hospital records of ten patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian, peritoneal and fallopian tube carcinoma who had 2nd-line or later chemotherapy with weekly carboplatin between January 2003 and December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Weekly carboplatin, at a dose calculated with use of the Hilary Calvert's formula at AUC = 2, was given intravenously in 500 ml dextrose 5% over 30 minutes on day 1 of every seven days. Response was determined using clinical evaluation, radiological reports and CA-125 level. Toxicity was graded using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria. RESULTS: Overall, 155 courses of weekly carboplatin were given. The median number of courses per patient was 14 (range, 2-37) and median duration of treatment was 22.5 (range, 2-40) weeks. Four patients (40%) had complete response lasting for 8-20 (median, 12) weeks, two (20%) had partial response lasting for five and 14 weeks, respectively, one (10%) had stable disease lasting for 23 weeks and three (30%) had progressive disease. Toxicity was mainly hematological with only grade 1-2 hematological toxicity as follows: anemia--four patients (40%), leukopenia--three (30%), neutropenia--three (30%) and thrombocytopenia--two (20%). CONCLUSION: Weekly carboplatin has considerable activity and low and well tolerated toxicity in heavily pretreated patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian, peritoneal and fallopian tube carcinoma.     

A phase II evaluation of tirapazamine plus cisplatin in the treatment of recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the anti-tumor activity, nature and degree of toxicity of tirapazamine in combination with cisplatin in patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian or primary peritoneal cancers. METHODS: Eligible consenting patients had to have recurrent epithelial ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma with measurable disease. Patients were not allowed to have received any additional cytotoxic chemotherapy for management of recurrent or persistent disease, including re-treatment with initial chemotherapy regimens. Patients must have been platinum-sensitive, meaning a treatment-free interval of >6 months after response to a platinum-based regimen. The RECIST criteria were used for parameters of response. Tirapazamine was administered at a dose of 390 mg/m2 IV over 2 h followed 1 h later by cisplatin 60 mg/m2 IV every 3 weeks until disease progression or adverse effects prohibited further therapy. RESULTS.: Between June 2001 and February 2004, 65 patients were entered onto this study by 27 institutions; one patient was excluded due to ineligible tumor type. Twenty-six patients (41%) received six or more cycles of therapy; however, 16 (25%) received one course of therapy (mainly due to side effects or patient request). There were six (9%) complete responders and 28 (44%) partial responders for a total response rate of 53%. Only two patients (3%) developed increasing disease on this protocol, and response could not be assessed in 18 patients (28%). The median progression-free and overall survival for all patients is 10.9 and 26.4 months, respectively. The regimen did not cause major hematologic toxicity, however, it did cause frequent constitutional (23%) and gastrointestinal (mostly nausea/vomiting) (44%) grade 3 or 4 toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of tirapazamine and cisplatin has definite activity in the treatment of recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer. However, toxicity, primarily non-hematologic, was substantial. Reducing the toxicity of a tirapazamine-platinum combination should be pursued in future trials.     

The "Leuven" dose-dense paclitaxel/carboplatin regimen in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the "Leuven" dose-dense regimen in recurrent ovarian cancer. METHODS: Six courses of paclitaxel (90 mg/m(2)) and carboplatinum (AUC 4) on d1 and d8 every 3 weeks were administered. Response rates were determined using RECIST and Gynaecological Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) CA 125 criteria. Platinum resistance was defined as progression during or within 6 months after platinum-based chemotherapy. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included with a median number of prior treatment regimens of 2. Nine patients were platinum-resistant and 24 were platinum-sensitive. Three of 8 patients in the platinum-resistant group and 16 of 21 patients in the platinum-sensitive group achieved an evaluable response according to RECIST. According to the GCIG CA 125 criteria 3 of 7 patients in the platinum-resistant and 17 of 19 patients in the platinum-sensitive patients responded. In the entire patient population evaluable for response (n=29), the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9 months; the median overall survival (OS) was 18 months. Median PFS was 6.75 months for the platinum-resistant and 10.5 months for the platinum-sensitive group. The median OS was 8 months in the platinum-resistant and not yet reached in the platinum-sensitive group. Toxicity was mostly bone marrow-related with neutropenia grade 3/4 in 34% and neutropenic fever in 2% of courses. Dose reduction was necessary in 25% of patients. Nausea and vomiting and fatigue were the most frequent non-hematological side effects. CONCLUSION: Dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin offers a well-tolerated regimen with high response rates even in heavily pre-treated and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.     

Chemotherapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer previously treated with platinum--a systematic review of the evidence from randomized trials

PURPOSE: To evaluate the chemotherapeutic options for women with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer who have received platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS: A systematic search of the Medline, CancerLit and Cochrane Library databases was performed for the period from 1984 to June 2001 to find randomized trials comparing second- or higher-line chemotherapy regimens in patients with recurrent platinum-pretreated epithelial ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Seven randomized trials have failed to demonstrate the clear superiority of any one chemotherapy regimen in terms of improvements in long-term survival, quality of life or response rate. One trial detected a statistically significant difference between treatments in progression-free survival, which was longer with cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/cisplatin than with paclitaxel in women with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Another trial did not show a difference between liposomal doxorubicin and topotecan overall in women with recurrent ovarian cancer but a subgroup analysis detected a significant survival advantage for liposomal doxorubicin over topotecan in women with platinum-sensitive disease. CONCLUSION: The evidence available does not support firm conclusions about the preferred chemotherapy regimen for recurrent ovarian cancer. Randomized trials that compare new drugs with current standard treatments are needed.     

Is pretreatment hemoglobin level a predictor of complete response to salvage chemotherapy for recurrent platinum-pretreated ovarian carcinoma?

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: The aim of this retrospective study was to correlate some patient characteristics at relapse, including also baseline hemoglobin levels, with complete response rate and survival following second-line chemotherapy for recurrent platinum-pretreated ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: The investigation was conducted on 63 patients who received salvage chemotherapy with different agents for clinically detectable recurrent ovarian carcinoma following initial surgery and first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Some patient characteristics at relapse (patient age, serum CA 125 level, baseline hemoglobin level, number of recurrence sites, ascites, platinum-free interval, and treatment-free interval) were related to complete response rate to salvage chemotherapy and survival after recurrence. Median baseline hemoglobin level was 11.6 g/dl (range, 7.5-15.0 g/dl). RESULTS: Second-line chemotherapy obtained a complete response in 17 (27.0%) patients and a partial response in 11 (17.5%), whereas stable disease and progressive disease were detected in 19 (30.1%) and 16 (25.4%) patients, respectively. By univariate analysis, complete response rate was related to baseline hemoglobin level (p = 0.0019), platinum-free interval (p = 0.0012) and treatment-free interval (p = 0.0048). Multiple logistic regression showed that platinum-free interval (p = 0.0107) and baseline hemoglobin level (0.0312) were independent predictors of complete response. Patients with baseline hemoglobin levels >11.6 g/dl had a 5.338 higher chance of obtaining a complete response when compared to those with lower hemoglobin values. The platinum-free interval was the only independent prognostic variable for survival after recurrence (p = 0.0141), whereas baseline hemoglobin level was not related to survival at univariate nor at multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline hemoglobin level is an independent predictor of complete response to salvage chemotherapy in patients with recurrent platinum-pretreated ovarian carcinoma. Attention must be paid to anemia correction in these patients, with the aim of improving both the chance of response to salvage treatment and the quality of life.     

Phase II evaluation of topotecan and navelbine in patients with recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and toxicity profile in patients with recurrent ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer treated with topotecan at 2.5 mg/m² days 1 and 8 plus vinorelbine at 25 mg/m² days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks.Materials and methodsEligibility criteria included patients with recurrent primary peritoneal or epithelial ovarian cancer with either platinum-resistant or platinum-sensitive disease. Patients were required to have a performance status of ≤ 2 and normal hepatic and renal function. Response to therapy and toxicity were assessed using standard criteria. Chi square and Student's t-tests were used as appropriate. Survival was assessed with Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsAll 40 patients enrolled were assessable for response. The median age of the patients was 58 years (range 30–82). Median treatment-free interval was 4.0 months. A total of 216 cycles of chemotherapy were administered with a median of 5.0 cycles per patient. Overall median TTP with this treatment regimen was 19 weeks (range 2–136 weeks). The response rate was 30% overall, and the response for platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant patients was 44% (95% CI:22–69%) and 18% (95% CI:5–40%) respectively. Median progression-free survival was 3.0 months (range 1–9 months). Median overall survival was 16.4 months (range 1.5–51.7 months). Assessment of toxicity by patient showed 58% demonstrating grade 3/4 neutropenia with the vast majority being uncomplicated. No severe non-hematological toxicity was observed.ConclusionAdministration of topotecan and navelbine is feasible with demonstrable activity and tolerable toxicity. This regimen may be considered especially in platinum-sensitive patients if a non-platinum based doublet is desired.     

Treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer: a retrospective analysis of women treated with single-agent carboplatin originally treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience

OBJECTIVE: There is no standard treatment for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). As there are no curative options, many oncologists choose to treat women who recur with carboplatin, particularly if they are deemed to have platinum-sensitive disease. However, particularly in the era of platinum-taxane treatment as primary therapy, the utility of this treatment has not been established, nor is it clear whether the results of single-agent treatment are equivalent to that of combination therapy. We sought to determine the outcomes for patients with platinum-sensitive EOC who were treated with carboplatin-taxane therapy and received single-agent carboplatin (C) as second chemotherapy. In addition, we sought to compare these results to the outcomes in women who received carboplatin and paclitaxel (C + T) at first relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified 24 patients using our electronic institutional database with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ovarian cancer that had a complete response to platinum-paclitaxel chemotherapy, relapsed greater than 6 months after treatment, and received single-agent carboplatin as second-line chemotherapy. We performed a subsequent comparison between a subgroup of this cohort and one that met the same inclusion criteria but received C + T at relapse between January 1998 and December 2000. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were evaluable for response, and all were available for analysis of survival end points. For evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 39% (complete, 11%; partial, 28%). Twenty-two percent had stable disease. Six (25%) patients experienced a hypersensitivity reaction, including 1 who required hospitalization. The median overall survival was 22 months. The 2-year overall survival rate was 49%. Stratification by treatment-free interval (TFI) showed a 25% for a TFI between 6 and 12 months and 43% for a TFI > 12 months. When a subgroup of these women (18/24) was compared to a cohort that received C + T (29), the combination was associated with a higher complete and overall response rate, 7 and 36% for C versus 45 and 71% for C + T (P = 0.02). The overall survival in women who received C was 26 months versus 42 months in the women who received C + T (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION: Carboplatin as a single agent is effective therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer in women who recur following treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel, and the treatment-free interval predicts response to single-agent carboplatin. However, our secondary analysis suggests that carboplatin and paclitaxel may produce a higher response rate and a survival benefit compared to C alone. This supports the conclusions of ICON4, which recently reported both overall and progression-free survival benefits with C + T over C in women with platinum-sensitive recurrent disease.