手术治疗小儿急性肠套叠53例

目的探讨需要手术治疗的小儿肠套叠的诊断与治疗方法。方法对本院自2001年10月至2014年7月经手术治疗的53例肠套叠患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果48例患儿术前行Χ线空气灌肠复位术,4例因就诊时间超过72 h,而直接予手术治疗,1例巨结肠根治术后出现肠梗阻,经剖腹探查证实为回回型肠套叠。53例患儿中,原发性肠套叠46例,继发性肠套叠7例;继发于过敏性紫癜2例,美克尔憩室2例,肠息肉1例,淋巴瘤1例,异位胰腺1例。手法复位37例,行肠切除肠吻合术13例,肠穿孔肠修补术3例。结论手术是治疗小儿肠套叠的必要手段。当出现肠穿孔、腹膜炎及空气灌肠失败时应积极进行手术治疗。继发性肠套叠临床表现复杂多变,术前确诊困难,反复复发的肠套叠患儿疑有继发性肠套叠时应及时行剖腹探查术。     

儿童过敏性紫癜合并肠套叠手术治疗五例分析

目的 探讨手术治疗儿童过敏性紫癜合并肠套叠的方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析我院2009年6月至2011年2月收治的5例过敏性紫癜合并肠套叠患儿手术治疗的临床资料.结果 5例中3例于术中手法复位治愈,2例一期肠切除肠吻合治愈.随访1年～1年8个月无复发.结论 儿童过敏性紫癜合并肠套叠临床发生率较低,对腹膜炎体征明显、病情重、病程长、全身状况不佳者,应进行手术治疗.     

腹腔镜治疗儿童复发性肠套叠25例

目的探讨腹腔镜在儿童复发性肠套叠中的应用及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年2月至2011年6月在本院就诊的25例复发性肠套叠患儿（复发≥3次）的诊治经过。25例患儿均在腹腔镜监视下行空气灌肠复位,探查病因,并做进一步治疗。结果25例患儿中,13例为原发性肠套叠复发,行腹腔镜下回肠末端悬吊固定术;继发性肠套叠12例,其中美克尔憩室8例,回肠重复畸形1例,回肠息肉2例,均行肠切除肠吻合术;1例过敏性紫癜患儿行空气灌肠复位＋原发病治疗。25例患儿平均随访18个月（10～24个月）,无复发,无肠穿孔、吻合口瘘、肠梗阻等并发症。结论腹腔镜治疗复发性肠套叠可以发现并去除病因,手术创伤小,腹部切口小且隐蔽,有美观优势。     

过敏性紫癜的外科并发症

分析我科 2 4例过敏性紫癜患儿合并外科并发症的临床资料 ,目的在于加深对该病外科并发症的认识 ,减少误诊 ,正确指导临床治疗。临床资料男 13例 ,女 11例 ,并发肠套叠者 14例 ,腹膜炎 2例 ,出血性坏死性肠炎 1例 ,肠梗阻 1例。误诊为美克耳憩室出血者 3例 ,阑尾炎 2例 ,多发性胃肠道息肉病 1例 ,脓毒败血症 1例。讨　　论一、过敏性紫癜并发肠套叠的诊断与处理发生肠套叠时 ,患儿在原发病的基础上出现剧烈腹痛 ,果酱样大便及腊肠样肿物 ,空气灌肠可发现杯口状阴影。少数患儿可并发小肠套叠 ,空气灌肠不易发现 ,在临床工作中要提高警惕。本…     

儿童过敏性紫癜外科并发症的诊断及治疗

目的探讨儿童过敏性紫癜外科并发症的诊断及治疗方法。方法对于2001年1月～2004年12月在我院住院的560例过敏性紫癜患儿抽查进行回顾及总结。结果有外科并发症者11例:4例肠坏死、肠穿孔;4例肠套叠;3例阑尾炎。其中行肠造瘘、延期肠吻合者5例,行阑尾切除术2例,预后良好。结论过敏性紫癜外科并发症宜早诊断、早期积极手术治疗。对肠管病变严重者手术宜行肠切除、肠造瘘、延期肠吻合术,对肠管病变轻者可保留肠管,术后治疗原发病,同时密切观察外科征象。外科手术与内科规范用药联合治疗为治愈本病的关键。     

腹腔镜辅助下空气灌肠复位术治疗肠套叠26例

目的：总结腹腔镜辅助下空气灌肠复位术治疗肠套叠的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2013年1月我们采取腹腔镜辅助下空气灌肠复位术治疗的26例肠套叠患儿临床资料。结果26例中,4例中转开腹手术,均为发病时间超过48 h患儿;22例均行腹腔镜辅助下空气灌肠复位,手术时间35～60 min。所有患儿术后1～2 d肛门排便排气,术后住院4～5 d出院,无一例发生并发症发生。结论腹腔镜辅助下空气灌肠复位术适用于绝大多数单纯空气灌肠无法复位的肠套叠,具有微创、安全、可行的优势。     

小儿急性肠套叠97例诊断治疗分析

目的 分析基层医院小儿肠套叠开腹手术治疗比例偏高的原因，提出对策。方法 回顾性分析1989年～2003年收治的97例急性肠套叠患儿诊断治疗经过。结果 97例中，钡剂灌肠复位成功43例，开腹手术54例。开腹手术54例中有39例就诊时间超过24h或有术前误诊；40例复位成功，10例行肠切除吻合术，4例行肠造瘘术。全组1例死亡，1例放弃治疗。结论 基层医院医师必须熟悉小儿肠套叠的诊断与治疗原则，尽早空气灌肠可显著降低开腹手术比例，降低并发症的发生率。     

小儿急性肠套叠的诊治体会

目的探讨近2年来我科小儿急性肠套叠的诊治特点。方法回顾性分析我科2003年5月～2005年5月收治的78例小儿急性肠套叠的临床资料,结合自已的诊治体会进行分析。结果78例小儿急性肠套叠空气灌肠前均行B超检查确诊,整复成功72例,成功率为92.3%。所有空气灌肠的患儿无肠破裂造成气腹者。6例空气灌肠复位不成功者转行肠坏死肠切除术2例,手法复位固定3例,手术入腹后见套叠块消失1例。结论B超对诊断小儿肠套叠的准确率高,应为首选的方法;X线空气灌肠对治疗早期小儿急性肠套叠复位成功率高,是最经济简单而又安全有效的方法,便于基层医院推广应用。     

复发性肠套叠的临床特点及治疗

目的 分析小儿复发性肠套叠的临床特点及治疗.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月-2010年12月本院3 730例肠套叠患儿的临床资料,其中复发性肠套叠395例.统计的内容包括一般情况、放射学表现和治疗结果.对于复发病例行进一步评估,并将不同治疗方法的复发率进行比较,分析不同治疗方法和复发之间的关系.应用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理.结果 3 730例肠套叠患儿中空气灌肠治疗3 729例,成功整复3 234例(86.7％),复发375例(11.6％).空气灌肠治疗失败后行手术治疗495例,其中单纯手法整复474例,术后20例复发(4.2％);行肠切除21例(11.4％),其中3例存在基础病变:2例存在小肠憩室,1例存在肠系膜囊肿.复发性肠套叠患儿395例,共发生587次肠套叠,复发率为10.6％(395/3 730例).首次发生肠套叠2岁内患儿占84.0％(332/395例).复发时间间隔1d～8a,54.9％的复发性肠套叠发生在6个月内.空气灌肠治疗395例复发性肠套叠,整复成功345例(87.3％),与空气灌肠治疗初次肠套叠的成功率比较无统计学差异(x2=0.044,P＞0.05).结论 复发性肠套叠大多数是非特异性的,空气灌肠是首选治疗方式.开腹手术适用于空气灌肠整复失败、疑有病理诱因或多次复发的患儿.     

小儿急性肠套叠的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨小儿急性肠套叠的诊断与治疗的方法。方法 对我院1990年1月～2002年6月间收治的小儿急性肠套叠72例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组中，男性多见(62．5％)，好发年龄为3月—6月，以回结型最为多见(73．6％)。空气灌肠复位成功24例，其余均手术治疗。死亡1例，其余均痊愈出院。结论 早期诊断、尽快治疗是小儿急性肠套叠空气灌肠复位成功的关键，发病超过48h者不宜行空气灌肠。复位失败、发病时间长或病情较重者，必须手术治疗。     

Intussusception: evolution of current management

The records of 583 children who were treated for intussusception at the Children's Hospital of Buffalo in the period 1930-1985 were reviewed. Following a change in management in 1970 from operative treatment to hydrostatic reduction of the intussusception by barium enema, two main groups are defined. In earlier years 95% of patients underwent operative reduction whereas in the latter period 92% had barium reduction attempted. The remaining 8% in this group had clinical contraindications for hydrostatic enema attempt. Ten percent had pathological lead points. Recurrent intussusception occurred in 50 cases (8.5%), 66% following barium enema reduction and 33% after surgery. The mortality in the earlier group was 3.9% and 1.3% in the latter group. No deaths occurred in patients treated successfully with barium enema reduction, and there were no deaths in the children with simple uncomplicated intussusception requiring surgery.     

Intussusception in children of school age

BACKGROUND: There are only a few reports discussing the characteristics of intussusception developing in school-age children. The characteristics of these cases are discussed, with reference to previous literature. METHODS: The present study included eight cases of intussusception in school-age children among 143 intussusception patients treated on an inpatient basis at Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, during the 11 year period from 1993 to 2003. The remaining 135 patients were assigned to the infant group as controls. The clinical characteristics of intussusception in school-age children were compared with those of the condition developing in infants. RESULTS: The eight children of school age with intussusception ranged in age from 8 to 15 years (mean, 11.6 years), and consisted of five boys and three girls. The major symptom was abdominal pain, occurring in 100% (8/8). Bloody stools and vomiting were reported in two patients each (25%) from this group. The triad of abdominal pain, bloody stools and vomiting was recognized in only one child (12.5%) of this group. Two children (25.0%) had a palpable abdominal mass, and one child (12.5%) complained of diarrhea. None of the school-age children with intussusception had any antecedent infection; five, two and one patients had the ileo-colic type, ileo-ileo-colic type and ileo-ileal type of intussusception, respectively. Four underwent enema reduction and four underwent surgical reduction. One of the eight children (12.5%) had underlying organic abnormality; in the remaining children the condition was labeled idiopathic. One child developed recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: In school-age children intussusception is generally believed to be commonly secondary to underlying organic abnormality, but in the present study only one of eight school-age children had underlying organic abnormality; in the remaining children, the condition was labeled idiopathic. The major symptom in school-age intussusception was abdominal pain. Therefore this may need to be differentiated from appendicitis in children of school age. It is considered that abdominal ultrasonography (USG) is a simple and useful method for making the diagnosis of intussusception, and that diagnostic USG should be conducted in all school-age children presenting with acute abdominal pain.     

婴儿阑尾盲肠多重套叠并急性阑尾炎一例并文献复习

目的 探讨婴儿期阑尾盲肠多重套叠并急性阑尾炎的临床病理和诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析1例阑尾盲肠多重套叠并急性阑尾炎8月龄婴儿的临床资料,并通过PubMed、ProQuest、中国知网(CNKI)、万方和维普数据库中检索2016年5月前的报道并复习相关文献资料,对各类儿童阑尾套叠进行系统性综述.结果 本例阑尾盲肠多重套叠并急性阑尾炎经手术诊断,整复套叠后切除阑尾并经病理证实,术后顺利康复.共检索到215例阑尾套叠中儿童52例,阑尾盲肠套叠136例,仅3例阑尾自身套叠中有2例为儿童;检索到肠套叠并阑尾炎66例,儿童59例,其中小于1岁的患儿27例,回结型肠套叠43例,此外,检索到回肠盲肠型套叠7例和盲肠盲肠型套叠并阑尾炎1例均为成人患者,所有病例均行手术治疗而痊愈.儿童阑尾盲肠多重套叠并急性阑尾炎者未见报道.结论 婴儿阑尾盲肠多重套叠并急性阑尾炎罕见,如套叠未导致回盲瓣排空完全梗阻则无典型症状体征,诊断困难,易误、漏诊.因此,对经保守治疗不能解除肠梗阻且不能解释其原因时,只要B型超声提示“同心圆征”或“套筒征”就应果断行手术探查以明确诊断并及时治疗.     

Intussusception in infants and children: feasibility of ambulatory management

To evaluate the ambulatory management of ileo-colic intussusception in infants and children, a retrospective study over 3 years of 113 children treated for ileo-colic intussusception in a paediatric emergency department was undertaken with the aim of shortening the length of stay. A total of 113 children aged 10 days to 9 years (median 12 months) were treated for intussusception between January 1993 and December 1996. None had septic shock or peritoneal aeric effusion. Barium enema reduction was attempted in all patients. Successful reduction rate was 81%. Fifty patients (44.2%) were completely ambulatory managed and 42 were hospital-supervised after successful enema reduction. Twenty-one children underwent laparotomy after failure of enema. With the ambulatory device, costs were reduced ($1000/case) compared with conventional in-patient treatment. Conclusion Outpatient treatment of acute ileo-colic intussusception is secure and reduces costs. It depends on the willingness of the medical team but requires simultaneous adaptation of hospital funding to promote this trend. Received: 28 October 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 8 February 1999     

Recurrent ileocolic intussusception after different surgical procedures in children

Intussusception in children may recur after surgical correction. Ileopexy has popularly been used as a procedure to prevent recurrent intussusception, but its effect has not been well evaluated. The present study compared the incidence of recurrent intussusception after several different surgical procedures for intussusception in children. The charts of 278 children undergoing surgical reduction of ileocolic intussusception over 17 years were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of recurrent intussusception was compared among the three surgical procedures: simple manual reduction, manual reduction plus ileopexy, and segmental resection. Simple manual reduction was performed in 67 (24.1%) of the 278 patients, manual reduction plus ileopexy in 186 (66.9%), and resection of the involved segment in 25 (9.0%). There were four episodes of recurrence in three (4%) patients who had had manual reduction, nine episodes in eight (4%) patients who had undergone ileopexy, and none after segmental resection. There was no statistical difference in recurrent rate among the three groups (reduction vs. ileopexy, P = 0.95; reduction vs. resection, P = 0.28; ileopexy vs. resection, P = 0.29). Ileopexy is not better than simple manual reduction in preventing recurrence of ileocolic intussusception in children.     

小儿肠套叠合并肠坏死的超声表现及诊断价值

目的：肠套叠合并肠坏死是空气灌肠复位的绝对禁忌症,目前对小儿肠套叠合并肠坏死的超声检查表现及特点报道较少,该研究重点探讨其超声表现,及时指导临床医生正确选择复位方式。方法：回顾性分析2004~2006年手术复位的48例肠套叠合并肠坏死病例的超声图文资料。结果：①肠套叠的类型与肠坏死密切相关,回回结型最易导致肠坏死;②套叠部肠壁明显增厚,套叠中心部常伴有肿大的淋巴结、肿大的阑尾;③肠套叠内积液、套叠远端肠管扩张伴肠壁增厚、肠蠕动减弱或消失是肠壁大片坏死的表现;④继发性肠套叠也是导致肠坏死的一个重要因素,部分可探及原发病灶的声像;⑤腹腔积液是所有肠套叠伴肠坏死的共同表现。结论：当肠套叠伴肠坏死时有一些较为明显的声像图特征,可间接提示肠坏死的可能,掌握这些超声表现能及时指导临床医生正确选择复位方式。     

Childhood intussusception: A prospective study of management trend in a developing country

Background:

The management of intussusception has evolved universally from the use of hydrostatic reduction through operative reduction to the use of pneumatic reduction for the acute and uncomplicated cases and surgical reduction for the complicated cases. However, the process of evolution has been very slow in the developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa, due to lack of requisite facilities and expertise to manage these patients nonoperatively. This study examined the trends in the management of childhood intussusception in a developing country, compared operative and nonoperative modalities of treatment, and assessed the impact of delayed presentation on the outcome of management.

Patients and Methods:

This was a prospective study of the management of children with intussusception at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Results:

Fifty-five consecutive cases of intussusception that presented to the Children Emergency Unit of the University College Hospital between January 2005 and December 2011 were prospectively studied. Details of sex, age of the patients, clinical presentation, duration of symptoms, mode of treatment, and incidence of recurrence were recorded and analyzed. The median age was 7 months. Moreover, the duration of symptoms varied from 1 to 21 days with a mean of 4 days. Twenty-two patients (40%) had attempted hydrostatic reduction; this was successful in 14 patients (63.6%), whereas 8 patients (36.4%) had failed reduction. In all, 41 patients (74.6%) had operative management of intussusceptions; primary operative intervention was carried out in 33 patients (60%) and secondary surgical management in 8 patients (14.5%) with failed hydrostatic reduction. At surgery, manual reduction of intussusception was carried out on 17 patients (30.9%) and resection of devitalized bowel with end to end anastomosis was carried out on the remaining 24 patients (43.6%). The incidence of surgical intervention for intussusception was 74.6%, mortality was 3.6%, and recurrence rate was 3.6%.

Conclusions:

Nonoperative management of intussusception should be adopted in carefully selected cases of intussusception in this subregion as it will help to reduce the financial burden on the parents while surgical management should be reserved for the complicated cases.Key words: Hydrostatic, intussusception, management, reduction, surgical     

2669例儿童肠息肉的临床特征及继发肠套叠的危险因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨儿童肠息肉的临床特征及继发肠套叠的危险因素。方法回顾性收集2669例肠息肉患儿的临床资料,根据是否继发肠套叠,分为肠套叠组(n=346)和非肠套叠组(n=2323)。比较分析两组患儿的临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析儿童肠息肉继发肠套叠的危险因素。结果62.42%肠息肉患儿为学龄前儿童,男女比例2.08∶1,92.66%以便血起病,94.34%为左半结肠及直肠息肉。继发肠套叠346例,发生率为12.96%(346/2669)。息肉越大、多发息肉(≥2个)、分叶形息肉是继发肠套叠的危险因素(分别OR=1.644、6.034、93.801,P<0.001)。结论儿童肠息肉好发于学龄前,男性多见,多数以便血起病,好发部位为左半结肠及直肠;息肉越大、多发息肉、息肉形态为分叶形,继发肠套叠的风险越高,需尽早内镜干预,以改善预后。     

Perforation during gas reduction of intussusception

Perforation during attempted gas-enema reduction of intussusception is more common than during a barium enema. In a review of 650 consecutive attempted gas enemas, perforation occurred in 7 infants (1.1%). Gross abdominal distension from the pneumoperitoneum may be rapid and cause splinting of the diaphragm, which leads to acute respiratory distress. This complication is readily recognised at the time of the gas enema, and may require immediate intervention by paracentesis using a 14-gauge needle. A review of 7 children with intussusception in whom perforation occurred revealed that all had radiologic evidence of bowel obstruction (air-fluid levels) prior to the enema, and the patients had had a relatively long history since the onset of symptoms. No perforation occurred during a delayed repeat enema reduction. Perforation during gas enema produces minimal peritoneal contamination. No pathological lesion at the lead point of the intussusception was identified in any of the children in whom perforation occurred.     

Intussusception reduced by barium enema. Outcome and short-term follow-up

A retrospective study was performed of 88 consecutive cases of intussusception that occurred during a 3-year period. Forty-eight patients experienced hydrostatic reduction of intussusception with barium enema and 40 patients required surgical correction of intussusception when barium enema reduction was unsuccessful. Patients with fever or duration of symptoms greater than 24 hours, or ileo-ileocolic type of intussusception had a significantly greater rate of unsuccessful hydrostatic reduction (p less than 0.001). Of 48 cases of intussusception hydrostatically reduced by barium enema, 47 patients received repeat physical examination after reduction, 45 having normal findings. Oral feeding was tolerated in these 47 patients within 12 hours after reduction. All 41 hospitalized patients were discharged within 24 hours of reduction without developing complication; of seven non-hospitalized patients, six reported no complications during the initial 24 hour post-reduction period. The single complication that occurred was recurrence of intussusception (ileo-ileocolic type) in a patient 6 hours after initial reduction; this was the only case in which neither post-reduction physical examination nor trial of feeding had been performed. Children with intussusception hydrostatically reduced by barium enema are at low risk for complication during the subsequent 24 hour post-reduction period. When the pre-reduction course has been relatively uncomplicated, the post-reduction physical examination does not reveal abnormalities, and the patient is able to tolerate oral feeding, close outpatient monitoring appears to be safe.