膝关节半月板损伤的MRI诊断

目的：回顾性研究膝关节半月板不同程度损伤的ＭＲＩ表现。材料与方法：对１１０例临床可疑半月板损伤患者的ＭＲＩ和关节镜检查进行了对照研究。根据半月板内部ＭＲ信号特征将半月板损伤分为０～Ⅲ度。结果：在１１０例２２０个半月板中，有１７８个（８０．９％）半月板呈典型的０～Ⅲ度ＭＲ表现，４２个（１９．１％）损伤的半月板ＭＲ表现不典型。以关节镜检查结果为标准，ＭＲＩ诊断半月板撕裂和破碎的敏感性为９７．２％，特异性为９５．６％，准确性为９６．４％，阳性预测值为９５．４％，阴性预测值为９７．３％。结论：ＭＲＩ是一种无创伤性的能准确诊断半月板损伤的成像方法，将逐渐取代诊断性的关节镜检查。     

膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI（与手术,关节镜对照研究）

目的：研究半月板内信号接触关节面的特定型式与半月板撕裂的关系。材料和方法：分析了９８例临床怀疑半月板撕裂病人的膝关节ＭＲ资料，并与手术或关节镜检查结果进行对照研究。结果：信号接触关节面的半月板发生撕裂的机率明显高于不接触和可能接触的半月板（Ｐ＜００１）。信号可能接触关节面的半月板与不接触的半月板发生撕裂的机率无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）。当一层以上图像显示半月板内信号接触关节面时，发生半月板撕裂的机率在９０％以上；而只有一层图像显示半月板内信号接触关节面时，发生半月板撕裂的机率在内侧半月板为５０％，外侧半月板为３３％。半月板撕裂最好发的部位是半月板的后角。结论：当半月板内信号与关节面无接触或可能接触时，发生半月板撕裂的可能性均较小；当只有一层图像显示半月板内信号接触关节面时，诊断为半月板可能撕裂较妥，当一层以上图像显示信号接触关节面时，诊断为月板撕裂较可靠     

髌骨软化症的MRI研究

目的：总结髌骨软化症（ＣＭＰ）的ＭＲＩ表现，研究ＭＲＩ对ＣＭＰ的诊断作用。材料与方法：对９７例拟诊ＣＭＰ膝关节的ＭＲＩ表现和关节镜检查所见进行对照研究。结果：ＣＭＰ的ＭＲＩ表现为：（１）髌软骨内尖刺状或斑片状低信号；（２）软骨局部隆起，其内信号强度减低；（３）软骨表面不光滑；（４）软骨变薄；（５）软骨缺损、骨质暴露。以关节镜为标准ＭＲＩ诊断ＣＭＰ的敏感性为９０．７％，特异性为７８．６％，准确性为８５．６％。结论：ＭＲＩ能显示ＣＭＰ的病理变化；在病变晚期，与关节镜的诊断符合性好；在病变早期，ＭＲＩ在诊断上有一定优势     

半月板可疑撕裂的MRI与关节镜对照研究

研究半月板可疑撕裂的出现机率及其临床意义。材料和方法：回顾性分析了１２６个膝关节的ＭＲ扫描资料，当二位放射科医生均不能肯定半月板内的高信号是否延伸至半月板表面时，诊断为半月板可颖撕裂，并与关节镜检查结果进行对照。结果：１２６例中有２２例诊断为半月板可疑撕裂，占１７．５％。１２例位于内侧半月板的后角，４例位于外侧半月板的前角，６例位于外侧半月板的后角。２２例中１８例作了关节镜检查，只有２例发现有撕裂     

MRI和关节镜诊断膝半月板损伤的比较研究

目的 :探讨膝关节半月板损伤MRI和关节镜下的不同表现及其对半月板损伤的诊断意义。方法 :回顾性分析 10 2个半月板损伤的MRI表现和关节镜下图像。根据MRI信号改变将半月板损伤分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级 ,并与关节镜下所见对比 ,分别加以研究。结果 :根据MRI信号强度改变 ,10 2个膝关节中Ⅰ级损伤 3 4个 ,Ⅱ级损伤 2 7个 ,Ⅲ级损伤 41个。与关节镜检结果对比 ,MRI诊断半月板撕裂的敏感度 90 .0 % ,特异度 91.9% ,符合率 91.2 %。结论 :MRI在半月板损伤的诊断中具有极高价值 ,对指导患者的治疗具有重要的临床意义。     

盘状半月板的磁共振成像诊断

目的探讨盘状半月板及其继发病变的磁共振诊断方法和价值。材料和方法23例盘状半月板病例中10例为关节镜证实,另收集23例非盘状半月板膝关节MRI作为对照组。结果MRI上外侧半月板中部宽度与外侧胫骨平台的比率超过50％为盘状半月板可靠的依据。板内Ⅲ级信号改变可为变性、板内撕裂或显性撕裂。结论MRI诊断盘状半月板及其继发病变具有很高的价值。     

MR与关节镜诊断半月板损伤的临床价值研究

目的探讨MR与关节镜诊断半月板损伤的临床价值。方法本组72例患者检查86个膝关节,共172例半月板,入院后进行MRI检查评价半月板损伤情况,2周内进行膝关节镜检查,MRI检查结果按Fischer分级标准分I级信号、II级信号、III级信号,关节镜检查结果分正常、退变、撕裂。结果 MRI与关节镜检查诊断半月板损伤结果比较,X~2=1.432,P=0.698,κ=0.694;MRI与关节镜检查诊断半月板撕裂结果比较,X~2=0.529,P=0.629,κ=0.767,MRI诊断半月板撕裂的敏感度86.27%、特异度91.73%、阳性预测值81.48%、阴性预测值94.07%、阳性似然比10.43、阴性似然比0.15、准确度90.12%、假阳性率8.27%、假阴性率13.73%。结论 MRI能够较好的诊断半月板损伤的程度,特别是对半月板撕裂的诊断,MRI的Ⅲ级信号可作为临床选择关节镜检查和手术治疗的一个重要指征。     

半月板根部撕裂与膝骨性关节炎严重度的关系

【摘要】目的：探讨半月板根部撕裂与膝骨性关节炎（KOA）的关系，并评价MRI对半月板根部撕裂的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2017年12月-2018年8月KOA患者59例，经关节镜证实有半月板根部撕裂的37例为观察组，无根部撕裂的22例为对照组，将两组膝关节进行的KL分级和Outerbridge分级后对比，并就MRI对根部撕裂及发生部位的诊断结果与关节镜的差异进行对比分析。结果：观察组的KL分级，Ⅰ级9例、Ⅱ级25例、Ⅲ级3例，对照组0级3例、Ⅰ级14例、Ⅱ级4例、Ⅲ级1例，两组间差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.847，P＜0.05）。观察组的Outerbridge分级，Ⅰ级1例、Ⅱ级6例、Ⅲ级12例、Ⅳ级18例，对照组0级1例、Ⅰ级5例、Ⅱ级2例、Ⅲ级10例、Ⅳ级4例，两组间差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.349，P＜0.05）。MRI对半月板根部撕裂发生（χ2=2.053，P=0.152）及部位（χ2=1.007，P=0.604）的诊断与关节镜结果差异无统计学意义。结论:半月板根部撕裂与KOA的严重程度相关，会导致KOA进展加速。而MRI对半月板根部撕裂有着高度敏感性，可辅助临床术前诊断。     

膝关节退行性骨关节病的MR诊断

目的：研究ＭＲＩ对诊断膝关节退行性骨关节病的能力和意义。材料和方法：分析３７例３８个膝关节退行性骨关节病的ＭＲＩ表现，并与平片、关节镜或手术结果进行对照。结果：ＭＲＩ能较为准确地显示骨关节病的关节软骨、半月板、韧带、滑膜、游离体及骨质的改变，明显优于平片，与关节镜检查结果基本一致，且能显示关节镜不易发现的软骨、半月板的早期退变。结论：由于ＭＲＩ信号特点与关节镜和病理分级结果一致，这就为术前正确诊断及手术方案的制定提供了确切的依据。     

膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂的MR诊断

目的　研究膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂的MR表现。方法　分析 38例经关节镜证实为半月板桶柄样撕裂的患者术前MR的特征性表现。结果　38例中 30例可见典型的撕裂半月板髁间窝内移位,半月板缺失或部分缺失征象; 5例仅显示半月板撕裂Ⅲ级信号; 3例无异常发现。结论　膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂典型的MRI表现为撕裂半月板的游离缘关节内移位征象,但是当撕裂的游离缘未发生移位时,仅表现半月板撕裂的 3级信号,且与半月板的上下关节面均相通。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.