电子束CT双期扫描定量估价胰腺增强程度

目的：定量估价电子束ＣＴ双期扫描胰腺的增强程度。材料和方法：１１０例可疑胰腺病变者（２６～７２岁）均行电子束ＣＴ检查。其中胰腺癌１５例，胰腺炎３例，胰腺外伤２例，正常胰腺９０例。应用高压注射器以３．５ｍｌ／秒（８０ｍｌ）和１０ｍｌ／秒（２０ｍｌ）速度注射Ｕｌｔｒａｖｉｓｔ１００ｍｌ，在注射造影剂后１８～２０秒和５５～６０秒，应用ＳＶＳ０．３秒序列扫描胰腺２０层，层厚６ｍｍ。于动静脉期测量胰腺头、体、尾ＣＴ值。结果：在动脉期胰腺增强的ＣＴ值为１０１Ｈｕ±８（标准差），静脉期为８１Ｈｕ±５。其中６１例（５５％）动脉期较静脉期ＣＴ值增高２０Ｈｕ以上；３８例（３４％）增高１０Ｈｕ以上；１１例（１０％）动脉期ＣＴ值低于静脉期。结论：胰腺动脉期扫描较静脉期可提供更详细的解剖结构，可更清楚显示胰腺癌对胰周的浸润，可提高检测胰腺内小病灶的准确性。     

胰腺恶性肿瘤的 CT 诊断

目的：探讨胰腺恶性肿瘤的ＣＴ诊断。方法：分析了５４例胰腺恶性肿瘤的ＣＴ表现，其中４１例胰腺癌、８例胰囊腺癌、５例胰转移癌。年龄２７～８６岁。扫描自脾门部至十二指肠水平部，层厚１０ｍｍ，连续扫描，必要时追加５ｍｍ层厚及层距。结果：胰腺恶性肿瘤ＣＴ表现为胰腺软组织肿块；平扫呈等密度、低密度或不均匀密度，肿块强化不明显；胆管及胰管扩张；胰腺萎缩；血管受侵犯；脏器及淋巴结转移；周围脏器及组织的直接浸润，腹水等。结论：熟悉胰腺恶性肿瘤ＣＴ的直接及间接征象，利于胰腺恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

胰腺癌CT诊断难点的探讨

笔者总结了经ＣＴ扫描及病理证实的胰腺癌共１２０例，其中直径≤３ｃｍ的小胰癌９例，癌肿全部位于胰头；以囊性肿块为主要表现的胰腺癌１０例。重点讨论了小胰腺癌及囊性胰腺癌的ＣＴ诊断。小胰腺癌的直接征象主要为胰腺轮廓外形改变，胰头不规则，轻度增大或有小的局部隆起，钩突圆隆增大。间接征象主要为胰、胆管的梗阻扩张。注射造影剂应用１．５～３ｍｍ薄层连续动态扫描，可使小的癌肿呈低密度改变，早较早发现小胰腺癌的有效     

小胰头癌的CT诊断

目的：探讨小胰头癌在动态增强ＣＴ及螺旋ＣＴ双期增强扫描图上的ＣＴ表现。材料与方法：１０例经手术病理证实的小胰头癌患者，其中５例行动态增强ＣＴ扫描，另５例行螺旋ＣＴ双期增强扫描，动态增强ＣＴ扫描方法为；造影剂总量为８０～１００ｍｌ，行团注法，注射造影剂后２０ｓ，开始作胰头部层厚，间隔各５ｍｍ的动态扫描，螺旋ＣＴ双期扫描为：造影剂总量９０ｍｌ，速率３ｍｌ／ｓ，动脉期扫描为注射造影剂３０ｓ后行胰头部螺旋     

胰腺癌的CT与MR诊断新进展

近十年中胰腺的影像学检查,由于技术的飞跃发展,发生了显著的变化。高分辨率ＣＴ及磁共城成像（ＭＲＩ）的发展均为胰腺的检查诊断的进展作了贡献。胰腺癌的ＣＴ：胰腺癌的ＣＴ诊断标准是：１．胰腺肿块。２．胰管和／或胆管扩张。３．局部淋巴结增大。４．血管（下腔静脉、腹腔动脉和／或纱膜上动脉）周围脂及内肿瘤浸润。５．腹水。６．肝和远处转移。胰腺癌Ｃ物新进展：１．螺旋ＣＴ增强扫描：是胰腺癌ＣＴ的新发展,能良好显示     

胰胆管扩张的CT表现对胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎的诊断意义

目的 研究胰胆管扩张对胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎的诊断意义。材料与方法 回顾性分析４９例胰腺癌和３６例慢性胰腺炎的ＣＴ资料。结果 胰腺癌组主要特征包括：（１）胰管扩张多呈平滑状,并多在胰头肿块处截断（１６例,占８０％）;（２）扩张的胆总管多呈突然截断（２７例,占８７．１％）,部分可见肝内、外胆管扩张（１９例,占３８．８％）;（３）双管征（１９例,占３８．８％）,慢性胰腺炎组的主要特征为：（１）胰管扩张多呈     

胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎的CT诊断

目的：提高对胰腺疾病的ＣＴ诊断水平。材料与方法：作者根据被证实的１５４例胰腺癌、慢性胰腺炎及其他疑误诊为前两种疾病病例的ＣＴ资料，对４５个项目，３８个ＣＴ征象进行观测、统计与分析。结果：二者诊断与鉴别的主要征象是：（１）病变区胰腺局限或弥漫肿大与密度异常；（２）有无扩张的胆总管（或壶腹）突然性狭窄截断与胰周大血管被包埋、管径增粗、癌栓，腹部淋巴结肿大、肝转移；（３）有无沿胰管走向分布的钙化与扩张胰管，扩张胰管的形态与贯通病变区的情况；（４）胰腺囊肿的发生频率、部位，与胰腺的轮廓关系。结论：根据前述要点，参考其他征象，密切结合临床，ＣＴ诊断正确率达９０％以上。     

华支睾吸虫肝病的CT诊断：附139例报告

作者分析了１３９例华支睾吸虫肝病患者的ＣＴ表现。发现其肝内胆管扩张可分为四型、细长枝型：肝内胆管呈管状扩张为主且长度大于６ｃｍ，３４例（２４．４６％）；小囊型：胆管以囊状扩张为主，２０例（１４．３９％）；细短枝型：胆管以管状扩张为主，但长度小于６ｃｍ，１２例（８．６３％）；混合型：兼具上述２种或３种改变，７３例（５２．５２％）。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的ERC写CT对照分析

本文对比分析了８２例恶性梗阻性黄疸（包括胆管癌４５例，转移性癌２６例，胰头癌６例及壶腹周围癌５例）的ＥＲＣＰ与ＣＴ表现，主要发现：恶怀胆管梗阻部位多位于肝外胆管近侧段；肝外胆管近侧段梗阻所致的肝内胆管重度扩张的发生率，远多于远侧段阻塞，在反映肝内胆管扩张程度、扩张范围方面ＣＴ优于ＥＲＣＰ，而显示病灶肿块直接征象方面ＥＲＣＰ优于ＣＴ。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的ERCP与CT对照分析

本文对比分析了８２例恶性梗阻性黄疸（包括胆管癌４５例，转移性癌２６例，胰头癌６例及壶腹周围癌５例）的ＥＲＣＰ与ＣＴ表现，主要发现：恶性胆管梗阻部位多位于肝外胆管近侧段；肝外胆管近侧段梗阻所致的肝内胆管重度扩张的发生率，远多于远侧段阻塞，在反映肝内胆管扩张程度、扩张范围方面ＣＴ优于ＥＲＣＰ，而显示病灶肿块直接征象方面ＥＲＣＰ优于ＣＴ。     

螺旋CT双期扫描对小胰头癌的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT双期扫描对小胰头癌的诊断价值。方法18例经手术及病理证实的小胰头癌患,均行螺旋CT双期扫描,层厚3—10mm,螺距为1．0,注射造影剂后25s行动脉期扫描;60-70s行门脉期扫描。结果CT平扫13例肿瘤病灶为低密度,5例呈等密度,螺旋CT双期扫描均呈低密度改变,同时14例胰管有不同程度的扩张,8例胆总管扩张,5例血管周围脂肪内浸润。结论螺旋CT双期扫描对小胰头癌诊断有重要价值,并对小胰头癌的可切除性可做出准确的术前评价。     

胃癌的CT诊断及分期

目的：描述胃癌的CT表现，评价胃癌术前CT分期的准确性，以总结CT在胃癌诊断中的应用价值．材料和方法：口服水对比剂充盈胃增强CT扫描．检查已知胃癌病者56例，并将CT发现与手术病理进行对照．结果：胃癌灶在CT上表现为胃壁增厚(38／55)，软组织肿块(17／55)及异常强化(48／55)。本组CT术前分期总的准确性为81．8％，胃癌可切除性术前估价准确性为89%。结论：CT检查在胃癌的检出及术前分期等方面具有较大的实用价值．     

胰腺癌CT征象及手术切除性估价的探讨（附67例分析）

分析了６７例经手术及病理学证实的胰腺癌的ＣＴ征象。胰腺轮廓局限性增大５０例（７４．６％），８例（１１．９％）显示向肠系膜侵犯的线条状影，等密度或均匀低密度病灶４１例（６１．２％）。受累血管以下腔静脉、肠系膜上动、静脉及腹主动脉为多（９４．８％）。脾脏增大１５例，继发假性囊肿１１例。讨论了早期胰腺癌诊断的难点和可能性，总结了胰腺癌继发囊肿的ＣＴ特征，对胰腺癌手术切除性的ＣＴ标准进行了评估。     

Role of CT in evaluation of the extension of pancreatic cancer

CT findings of 39 lesions from 37 cases of pancreas cancer were correlated with surgical and/or pathological findings. Each finding was recorded following "General rules for surgical and pathological studies on cancer of pancreas" proposed by Japanese pancreatic society. CT employed in this study is Somatom II (Siemens) with scan time of 5 seconds and slice thickness of 8 mm. Contrast study with bolus injection of contrast medium is a basic procedure in all the cases. The results are as follows: 1) T factor (size of the tumor) was underestimated in 9 lesions, no overestimation was observed. It is because that the contrast enhancement surrounding low density was not included in the size of the tumor. 2) No positive results were observed in lymph node group of #17, but many false positives in #12. Results of diagnosis of lymph nodes metastasis was poor, the total accuracy was 65.5%. 3) CT was very effective in the diagnosis of V factor, total accuracy was 95.5%. 4) In S (serosal invasion) and RP (retroperitoneal infiltration) factors, the total accuracy was 81.0%, and 87.1% respectively, when the protrusions into and the disappearance of the surrounding fat plane were taken into account. 5) CT is not effective in the diagnosis of CH (bile duct invasion) factor, because of non-differentiation between compression and invasion from the surrounding pancreas tumor. 6) Results of CT were good in Du (duodenal invasion) factor. 7) Finally, it was concluded that CT is effective in the staging diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.     

胰腺癌胰周淋巴结转移分布特征的螺旋CT表现

目的:胰腺癌胰周淋巴结转移的分布特征及螺旋CT影像表现。方法:搜集经手术病理诊断为原发性胰腺癌45例,所有病例均经手术病理或影像标准诊断有胰周淋巴结转移。根据本组45例病例CT所反映的肿大淋巴结的分布情况,将胰周淋巴结分为8组。设定淋巴结的短径≥1.0cm为淋巴结转移阳性的影像表现。统计阳性淋巴结的出现率,重点观察淋巴结转移的部位、大小、数目、形态、密度、强化情况。结果:本组45例胰腺癌中,共计89个部位观察到淋巴结转移胰周转移淋巴结以腹腔动脉干组46.7%(21例),肠系膜根部组46.7%(21例),腹主动脉周围组35.6%(16例)为最多,胃周11.1%(5例)及脾动脉-脾门组13.3%(6例)最少。结论:胰腺癌转移所致肿大淋巴结主要分布在腹腔干、肠系膜根部以及腹主动脉周围。螺旋CT扫描检查可以较准确显示胰腺癌胰周淋巴结的转移情况。     

胆胰管十二指肠连接区小肿瘤CT诊断及鉴别

目的 探讨胆胰管十二指肠连接区小肿瘤的ＣＴ诊断及其鉴别点,提高ＣＴ诊断的敏感性和准确性。材料与方法 连接区小癌２２例,包括胰头癌１２例（其中６例位于胰钩突）,Ｖａｔｅｒ’ｓ壶腹癌５例,胆总管下端癌５例;另胰头区炎症５例,以作对照分析,全部病例均经手术病理证实。结果 （１）连接区小癌ＣＴ表现为胰头或钩突增大变形、密度改变及十二指肠内侧壁结节,胆总管壁增厚或下端结节;胰头癌突出表现为低密度区;Ｖａｔｅ     

Endoscopic ultrasound and Computed Tomography in the diagnosis, locoregional staging and assessment of vascular infiltration of pancreatic carcinoma

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of colour-Doppler Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS), in the detection, loco-regional staging and assessment of vascular infiltration in pancreatic carcinoma, and to compare the results with those obtained by Computed Tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 57 patients with diagnosed or suspected pancreatic carcinoma was retrospectively analysed. All patients underwent EUS and thin-slice (< 5 mm) spiral dynamic CT. The final diagnosis (carcinoma in 37 patients and benign lesion in 20) was obtained by laparotomy in 21 patients, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in 17, and follow-up in 19. RESULTS: The specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignancy were respectively 45% and 92% for EUS and 45% and 89% for CT, with an accuracy of 75% for EUS (p <0.05) and 74% for CT (p = 0.07). The specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of loco-regional nodal metastases were both 100% for EUS. The specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of vascular infiltration were 100% and 94% for EUS and 100% and 44% for CT, giving a diagnostic accuracy of 97% for EUS vs 74% for CT (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: EUS proved to be more sensitive and specific than CT in the loco-regional staging of pancreatic carcinoma. Its diagnostic accuracy is especially high in assessing vascular infiltration and loco-regional nodal metastases. CT still remains the examination of choice for staging pancreatic carcinoma and for assessing its resectability as it affords a panoramic view and ability to rule out distant metastases. Candidates to resection should all be examined by EUS, as, due to its high accuracy in loco-regional staging and assessing vascular infiltration, it might allow a large proportion of patients to be spared the operation.     

肾前筋膜增厚的CT表现对鉴别诊断胰腺炎与胰腺癌的价值

目的：评价肾前筋膜增厚的CT表现在鉴别胰腺炎与胰腺癌诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析63例临床及CT复查证实为胰腺炎的肾前筋膜增厚征象，并与25例手术病理证实为胰腺癌的CT表现对照。胰腺炎中43例及25例胰腺癌做平扫加增强，20例胰腺炎仅做平扫。结果：胰腺炎组肾前筋膜增厚59例（占93％），其中急性胰腺炎肾前筋膜增厚49例（占98％），慢性胰腺炎肾前筋膜增厚10例（占77％）。胰腺癌25例中，1例肾前筋膜增厚，占4％。结论：肾前筋膜增厚的征象对胰腺炎与胰腺癌的诊断有鉴别意义。