^123I—IomazenilSPECT脑受体显像对癫痫灶定位的价值

目的探讨１２３ＩＩｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌＳＰＥＣＴ脑受体显像对癫痫灶定位诊断的价值。方法对４０例癫痫病人进行１２３ＩＩｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌＳＰＥＣＴ脑受体显像，并与录像脑电图强化监测（Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ）、９９ｍＴｃ六甲基丙二胺肟（ＨＭＰＡＯ）ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流显像和ＭＲＩ检查结果进行对比分析。结果以Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ癫痫灶检出率９５％（３８／４０）为参照标准，６５８％（２５／３８）癫痫病人脑受体显像异常，表现为局部放射性稀疏，与Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ定位符合２０例；脑血流显像和ＭＲＩ癫痫灶检出率分别为５５３％（２１／３８）和４７４％（１８／３８），与Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ定位符合分别为１５例和１６例。１２３ＩＩｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌ脑受体显像联合ＭＲＩ检查，癫痫灶检出率为８４２％（３２／３８）。４例ＭＲＩ、脑血流和受体显像正常患者１８Ｆ脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）ＰＥＴ显像全部异常，并均与Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ定位符合。结论１２３ＩＩｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌＳＰＥＣＴ脑受体显像是癫痫病灶定位的有效方法，与ＭＲＩ配合，能提高病灶检出率。     

SPECT脑血流显像定位诊断癫痫病灶的临床应用──与CT、皮质脑电图及病理检查对比分析

对１４２例癫痫病人进行间歇期ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流显像，并与脑ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、ＥＥＧ、皮质脑电图（ＥＣｏＧ）及手术病理结果进行比较。结果表明，ＳＰＥＣＴ阳性率最高（７５．４％），ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ分别为５２．０％和５６．７％．ＳＰＥＣＴ能准确定位癫痫灶，与埋藏式ＥＣｏＧ或术中ＥＣｏＧ标测结果（ｎ＝５１）的符合率达９２．０％。致痫灶的病理改变多为隐匿性脑血管畸形、胶质增生、局灶性神经元固缩、变性及排列紊乱等。研究表明ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流显像是诊断癫痫病灶的有效方法，灵敏度优于ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ，定位价值优于ＥＥＧ，对于制订癫痫的手术治疗方案有一定帮助。     

Video/EEG,SPECT和MRI对部分性癫痫定位诊断作用及临床意义探讨

目的：探讨录像脑电图检测（Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＣ）,ＳＰＥＣＴ和ＭＲＩ３种方法对部分性癫痫的无创性定位和病因诊断的作用及临床意义。材料与方法：对５２例部分性癫痫患者分别进行Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ,＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＨＭＰＡＯ－ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流显像,＾１２３Ｉ－Ｉｏｍａｚｅｎｉｌ ＳＰＥＣＴ脑受体显像和全脑ＭＲＩ检查。根据Ｖｉｄｅｏ／ＥＥＧ记录的癫痫发作类型,ＳＰＥＣＴ显示的ｒＣＢＦ和ＢＺＤ的分布以及ＭＲＩ显示     

SPECT脑血流显像定位诊断癫痫病灶的临床应用—与CT,皮质脑电图…

对１４２例癫痫病人进行间歇期ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流显像，并与脑ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、ＥＥＧ、皮质脑电图及手术病理结果进行比较。研究表明ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血液显像是诊断癫痫病灶的有效方法，灵敏度优于ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ，定位价值优于ＥＥＧ，对于制订癫痫的手术治疗方案有一定帮助。     

癫痫发作期和发作间期~（99m）Tc－ECD脑断层显像

癫痫发作期和发作间期~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ－ＥＣＤ脑断层显像［英］／ＧｒｕｎｗａｌｄＦ…∥ＪＮｕｃＩＭｅｄ．－１９９４，３５（１２）．－１８９６～１９０１方法：１６例患者行２３次脑ＳＰＥＣＴ（ＣＥＲＡＳＰＥＣＴ）显像研究，其中８次为发作期显像，１５次为发作?..     

小儿癫痫的SPECT、EEG和MRI的对比研究

目的 评价ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像在小儿癫痫灶定位诊断的价值。方法 对７４例发作间期、１０例发作期,共８４例癫痫患儿行ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像及ＥＥＧ检查,其中６７例作了ＭＲＩ检查,并对各种检查结果进行比较。结果 ＳＰＥＣＴ、ＥＥＧ和ＭＲＩ的异常率分别为８２．１４％、７１．４３％和４７．７６％;ＥＥＧ异常的６０例患儿中与ＳＰＥＣＴ异常部位完全或基本符合率为７０．５９％;ＭＲＩ异常的３２例患儿中１７     

SPECT脑血流灌注显像在老年人脑梗塞中的应用

目的：评价ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像在老年病中的临床应用价值。材料和方法：４６例脑梗塞患者行９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤ脑血流灌注显像，并与ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、对照。其中４例行Ｄｉａｍｏｘ脑血流负荷检查。结果：４６例脑梗塞患者４５例脑血流灌注异常，占９７．８％．３３例同时做过ＣＴ，其灵敏度９６．７％．２５例做过ＭＲＩ，灵敏度９６％。ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流显像灵敏度与ＣＴ及与ＭＲＩ间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。７例ＳＰＥＣＴ图像上出现＂交叉性小脑神经失联络征＂。４例行Ｄｉａｍｏｘ脑血流负荷检查，１例原梗塞灶血流明显改善；两例显示病灶范围更广泛；另１例除小脑血流分布改善外．余处未见明显改变。４例中３例有＂交叉性小脑神经失联络征＂，使用Ｄｉａｍｏｘ后小脑血流改善。结论：本组病例ＳＰＥＣＴ灵敏度与ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ无显著差异；ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像可探测梗塞后存活的脑组织，为临床治疗提供客观依据；结合Ｄｉａｍｏｘ脑血流负荷检查有望进一步提高诊断的阳性率     

发作间期SPECT脑灌注显像在癫痫手术定位中的价值

本研究分析了８６例癫痫患者ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）显像、ＥＥＧ和ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ与术中皮层脑电图（ＥＣｏＧ）的关系,以探讨ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像对癫痫灶定位的作用。资料与方法１临床资料。受检者共８６例,男５７例,女２９例,年龄２５～４９岁;...     

肝癌的影像学评价:1.5T MRI与常规CT、US比较

目的：探讨三种非创伤性影像检查方法ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ和ＵＳ在肝癌诊断中的敏感性和准确性。方法：５２例经病理及临床证实的ＨＣＣ行ＭＲＩ,ＣＴ和ＵＳ检查。结果：ＭＲＩ常规序列与ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ相比,敏感性以ＳＥＴ２Ｗ及ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ序列为高。对ＨＣＣ检出总的敏感性依次为ＭＲＩ（ＳＥ＋ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ）８５．８９％,ＣＴ７５．６４％,ＵＳ７１．７９％,＜３ｃｍＨＣＣ,ＭＲＩ检出的敏感性为７１．４２％明显高于ＣＴ（５１．４２％）和ＵＳ（４５．７１％）,对于＞３ｃｍＨＣＣ,三者敏感性相似。ＨＣＣ定性准确性依次为动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ（９２．０６％）,常规ＳＥ序列（８５．９３％）,ＣＴ（８４．７４％）,ＵＳ（７５．００％）,ＳＥ序列结合动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ对肝癌定性准确性可达９５％,明显优于ＣＴ和ＵＳ。结论：在ＨＣＣ的检出敏感性和定性诊断上,１．５ＴＭＲＩＳＥ序列结合动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ明显优于常规ＣＴ和ＵＳ,为肝癌重要的影像学检查手段。     

99Tcm-ECD SPECT对难治性癫痫灶的定位

ＳＰＥＣＴ可用于多种神经系统疾病的研究，其中包括癫痫灶的定位诊断。本研究探讨了９９Ｔｃｍ双半胱乙酯（ＥＣＤ）ＳＰＥＣＴ脑断层显像对癫痫发作间期癫痫灶定位的价值，并与ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ作对比。一、资料与方法难治性癫痫患者１１２例，年龄３～４８岁，平均１６岁...     

癫痫发作间期脑血流灌注功能与脑组织损伤程度相关性研究

目的探讨癫痫患者抗癫痫药物治疗期间不同疗效状态下,发作间期致痫灶局部血流灌注和脑细胞功能低下与脑组织损伤程度的相关性。方法按随机数字表法随机选择48例癫痫发作间期患者,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测血清S-10013蛋白的水平,SPECT脑血流显像测定局部脑血流量,并与30例对照者进行比较。采用SPSS11．0软件进行统计学分析,两样本均数之间行t检验,多样本比较采用方差分析,两变量间相关性分析用线性相关分析法进行。结果癫痫发作间期患者血清S-10013蛋白水平（0．572±0．163）μg/L,高于对照组（0．218±0．134）μg/L,差异有统计学意义（t=9．96,P〈0．01）。根据癫痫控制标准,患者中控制20例,显效和有效18例,无效10例;3组s．100t3蛋白水平和局部脑血流（rCBF,％）分别为（0．443±0．083）μg/L和（0．035±0．038）％,（0．585±0．108）μg/L和（0．187±0．075）％,（0．809±0．056）μg/L和（0．337±0．060）％,无效组与其他两组比较,S-10013蛋白水平与rCBF的变化均有统计学意义,其余两组比较差异亦有统计学意义（F=56．740,92．316,P〈0．01）。癫痫患者血清S-100p蛋白水平、rCBF下降百分率呈高度正相关（r=0．887,P〈0．01）。结论SPECT脑血流灌注显像联合检测血清S-100β蛋白水平,可对癫痫致痫灶进行定位,并评价癫痫所致的脑组织损伤。S-100β蛋白水平可作为抗癫痫药物治疗癫痫疗效的监测指标。     

Single photon emission computed tomography in children with idiopathic seizures.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-p[123I]-iodoamphetamine (IMP), X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 20 children with idiopathic seizures. In children with idiopathic seizures, SPECT could detect the abnormal sites at the highest rate (45%) compared with CT (10%) and MRI (12%), but the abnormal sites on SPECT correlated poorly with the foci on electroencephalograph (EEG). Idiopathic epilepsy with hypoperfusion on SPECT was refractory to treatment and was frequently associated with mental and/or developmental retardation. Perfusion defects on SPECT scans probably affect the development and maturation of the brain in children.     

Comparative analysis of MR imaging,Ictal SPECT and EEG in temporal lobe epilepsy: a prospective IAEA multi-center study

Background and purpose MR imaging, ictal single-photon emission CT (SPECT) and ictal EEG play important roles in the presurgical localization of epileptic foci. This multi-center study was established to investigate whether the complementary role of perfusion SPECT, MRI and EEG for presurgical localization of temporal lobe epilepsy could be confirmed in a prospective setting involving centers from India, Thailand, Italy and Argentina. Methods We studied 74 patients who underwent interictal and ictal EEG, interictal and ictal SPECT and MRI before surgery of the temporal lobe. In all but three patients, histology was reported. The clinical outcome was assessed using Engel’s classification. Sensitivity values of all imaging modalities were calculated, and the add-on value of SPECT was assessed. Results Outcome (Engel’s classification) in 74 patients was class I, 89%; class II, 7%; class III, 3%; and IV, 1%. Regarding the localization of seizure origin, sensitivity was 84% for ictal SPECT, 70% for ictal EEG, 86% for MRI, 55% for interictal SPECT and 40% for interictal EEG. Add-on value of ictal SPECT was shown by its ability to correctly localize 17/22 (77%) of the seizure foci missed by ictal EEG and 8/10 (80%) of the seizure foci not detected by MRI. Conclusions This prospective multi-center trial, involving centers from different parts of the world, confirms that ictal perfusion SPECT is an effective diagnostic modality for correctly identifying seizure origin in temporal lobe epilepsy, providing complementary information to ictal EEG and MRI. Part of this work was presented at the 2005 SNM meeting in Toronto, Canada.     

外伤性癫痫的CT、MRI与脑电描记术及经颅多普勒检查的比较研究

目的 比较外伤性癫痫患者CT、MRI与脑电描记术（EEG）及经颅多普勒（TCD）的检查结果。方法 65例外伤性癫痫患者分别行CT、MRI及EEG、TCD检查，并对各种检测的结果进行比较。结果 EEG对外伤性癫痫病灶的检出阳性率最高，为78％（51／65），CT为42％（27／65），MRI为54％（27／50），TCD为62％（40／62）；病灶的定位率以MRI最高，为96％（26／27），CT为89％（24／27），EEG为57％（29／51）。CT及MRI与EEG检出的病灶部位符合率分别为52％（14／27）和63％（17／27）。结论 四种方法各有其优势，也有其不足，它们相互结合可以提高外伤性癫痫的正确诊断及病灶定位率。     

Ictal SPECT in neocortical epilepsies: clinical usefulness and factors affecting the pattern of hyperperfusion

Introduction: The aims of this analysis were to: (1) determine the value of ictal SPECT in the localization of neocortical epileptogenic foci, (2) evaluate the relationships between the results of ictal SPECT and other potential affecting factors, and (3) compare traditional visual analysis and the subtraction method.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 81 consecutive patients with neocortical epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery and achieved a favourable surgical outcome, including 36 patients with normal MRI. Side-by-side visual analysis and subtraction images were classified as correctly localizing,correctly lateralizing, or non-localizing/non-lateralizing images according to the resected lobe.Results: Side-by-side visual analysis and subtraction SPECT correctly localized the epileptogenic lobe in 58.9% and 63.0% of patients, respectively. The two methods were complementary and the diagnostic sensitivity of ictal SPECT using the two methods was 79.0%. Ictal SPECT using the visual method correctly localized the epileptogenic lobe more frequently in patients with a localizing pattern of ictal scalp EEG at the time of radioligand injection. When using subtraction images, an injection delay of less than 20 s after seizure onset was significantly correlated with correct localization. The subtraction method was superior to the visual method for localizing frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE), and in patients with non-localizing/non-lateralizing EEG at onset.Conclusions: Ictal SPECT analyses using visual and subtraction methods are useful and complementary for the localization of the epileptogenic foci of neocortical epilepsy. Early radioligand injection and ictal EEG patterns are related to ictal SPECT localization. The subtraction method may be more useful in some epileptic syndromes.     

Limited value of interictal brain perfusion SPECT for detection of epileptic foci: High resolution SPECT studies in comparison with FDG-PET

Accurate localization of epileptic foci is important for pre-surgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable epilepsy, and F-18 FDG PET has been proved to be a valuable method for this purpose. To examine the clinical value with interictal brain perfusion SPECT, we performed brain perfusion SPECT of Tc-99m HMPAO by means of a high resolution SPECT camera, and compared the results with F-18 FDG PET images and MRI in 10 patients with medically intractable epilepsy. In 9 of 10 patients (90%), FDG PET images showed focal hypo-metabolism in the area corresponding with the results of electroencephalography (EEG). SPECT images, however, demonstrated hypo-perfused lesions which corresponded with hypo-metabolic lesions on FDG PET images in only 6 cases (60%). Although MRI showed abnormal findings in 8 cases, the lesions were not directly related to epileptic foci in 2 cases. In conclusion, FDG PET is a valuable tool for accurate localization of epileptic foci. Brain perfusion SPECT, however, may not always be paralleled to metabolism visualized on FDG PET images.     

美解眠介入脑血流显像对癫痫病灶的定位研究

目的：研究美解眠介入SPECT脑血流显像对癫痫病灶的定位。材料和方法：将药物诱发脑电图技术与^99mTc—ECD SPECT脑血流显像相结合建立美解眠介入亚临床发作脑血流显像并对14例局限性癫痫患者(8例经外科手术切除癫痫病灶)进行了发作间期和亚临床发作期脑血流显像比较研究．结果：亚临床发作期癫痫病灶脑血流平均较间期增加12．65%．10／14例增加超过5%，8／14例增加超过10%．最多增加超过31%．图像比较以亚临床发作期病灶血流出现反转和填充较有意义．结论：本方法可克服发作期显像不易及时注入显像剂的缺陷。     

18F-FDG PET/CT脑显像与EEG用于颞叶癫(癎)灶术前定位

目的 对比研究18F-FDG PET/CT脑显像与EEG对颞叶癫(癎)灶术前定位的价值.方法 回顾性分析临床诊断为颞叶癫(癎)的患者152例,其中男108例,女44例,年龄范围3～59岁.所有患者行18F-FDG PET/CT脑显像和长程和(或)视频EEG检查,其中29例无法准确定位者行颅内电极EEG检查.所有患者行手术治疗,手术切除组织行病理检查,以术后病理为“金标准”,术后随访6个月以上.用x2检验对PET/CT脑显像及长程和(或)视频EEG的准确性进行统计学分析.结果 152例患者PET/CT脑显像定位致(癎)灶的准确性为80.92％ (123/152),长程和(或)视频EEG定位致(癎)灶准确性为43.42％ (66/152),2种检查方法定位致(癎)灶的准确性差异有统计学意义(x2=22.72,P＜0.01),29例术前无法准确定位的患者行颅内电极EEG定位致(癎)灶,其准确性为100％.结论 发作间期18F-FDG PET/CT脑显像定位癫(癎)灶价值优于长程和(或)视频EEG,与颅内电极EEG联合使用,可进一步提高对致(癎)灶定位的准确性.