人对CRT显示器屏显字符的认知和瞬时记忆的研究

本研究的目的是考察人对显示在CRT 显示器屏幕上的、显示位置固定和随机的字符的认知和瞬时记忆的能力。实验结果:(1)得到了单个显示的阿拉伯数字和汉字的认知速率数据及字符认知与显示时间相关的数学模型;(2)得到了数字、彼此无关联的汉字、以及构成词句的汉字在显示时间为0.5、1、2、和5s 时的认知量和瞬时记忆量数据;(3)得到了每种字符在不同显示时间的视觉信息传递量数据;(4)字符的认知量和瞬时记忆量随显示时间的增加而提高,而单位时间的认知量和瞬时记忆量却随显示时间的增加而下降。     

作为搜索成绩因素的目标多余颜色编码、干扰和色觉缺陷

前言 本研究在模拟ATC状况显示仪上,评价用多余色形目标以增强搜索时的视觉搜索能力结合下列情况评估色觉缺陷的影响:①以红或黄色加强;②在一数据块中加强压的数目;⑧在干扰数据块中的颜色加强。方法 26名正常色觉的人和61名红绿色盲者参与。在飞机数据块中使用红色和黄色强调一行或多行目标。多余颜色使用字母数字、亮度对比和闪烁显示。     

人对阴极射线管显示器屏显信息处理能力的研究

本研究设计了难度和反应方式不同的三种类型的信息处理。要求被试者对屏显数字按双数减1,单数加1,0和9为0的规则说出相应的数字或按压相应的键,对屏显汉字说出其代表数字或与该汉字组成词组的另一汉字的代表数字,或按压相应的键。主要实验结果:(1)信息处理的时间与信息处理的难度成正相关;(2)确定了每种信息处理类型在选择信息载体和反应键的数量为3-10个时的单个信息载体认知和信息析取所需的时间以及包括按键反应的单个信息载体信息处理所需的时间;(3)选择信息载体和反应键的数量愈大,单个信息处理所需的时间愈长,建立了这种相关的数学模型;(4)确定了每种信息处理类型在显示时间为2～10s、口头报告或按键反应时的信息被正确处理的信息载体数量和视觉通道信息传递量,建立了这种信息载体数量与显示时间相关的数学模型。     

用皮层能量分析评估视觉辨别

前言 认知刺激,如颜色和形状的辨别工作,可引起在脑皮层的局部活动。确定这些工作期间的脑电图的变化,对于了解承担视觉监测操作者的生理反应和人机系统界面的设计是有用处的。方法 向12名有利手的青年男性显示一系列随机的、相等的红色或蓝色的三角形或方形。要求观测到指定的目标,即红色方形时作出反应。用多通道的脑电地形图事件相关电位     

CRT显示器屏显字符色选配的工效学研究

解决在ＣＲＴ显示器屏幕的同一背景色上同时显示两种以上不同颜色字符时的多种字符色的选配问题。ＣＲＴ显著器的亮度和对比度调整度旋钮设备在提供适当江屏面亮度和对比度的位置上，并在所有实验中固定不变，各种颜色的字符单个显示或同时显示在每一背景色上。字符为认识难度相同的汉字。实验得到以下主要结果：（１）确定了１０种字符色（红，橙黄，绿，青，兰，紫，白，灰和黑）在８种背景色（红，橙，绿，青，兰，紫，灰和黑）的     

新生儿皮肤颜色与疾病关系的临床观察

正常新生儿皮肤颜色为红色，早产儿可表现为粉红色。许多疾病可使皮肤表现为不同的颜色，如黄色、青紫色、白色、红色、绿色、青铜色。仔细观察皮肤的颜色对疾病的诊断及护理非常重要，以下是我们在上作中总结的几点绎验.     

近红外光学成像技术检测视觉搜索任务期间大脑前额叶氧合血红蛋白水平变化

目的 研究视觉搜索对大脑前额叶氧合血红蛋白水平变化的影响.方法 25名右利手健康大学生被试者在一列非靶字母中搜索靶字母,依据非靶字母数目(2个或6个),将任务分为2个水平(任务1或2).实验期间同时记录被试者行为反应和前额叶脑区氧合血红蛋白水平变化.结果 1)与任务1相比,任务2期间被试者反应时延长、正确率下降,前额叶脑区氧合血红蛋白水平明显上升;2)任务2期间被试者前额叶脑区激活水平与反应时呈负相关.结论 前额叶区域氧合血红蛋白反应与视觉搜索行为结果相一致,较高的氧合血红蛋白水平有可能缩短行为反应时间.     

无意识刺激提高飞行学员视觉搜索绩效的试验研究

目的研究无意识刺激对飞行学员视觉搜索绩效的促进作用。方法以15名航空大学高年级飞行学员为受试对象,应用Eprime 2.0软件设计编写视觉搜索试验程序,对飞行学员完成任务的正确率和反应时进行测试,并进行双因素方差分析。结果对视觉搜索的正确率进行分析表明,线索提示范围的主效应有统计学意义(P<0.05),阈下刺激呈现时间的主效应无统计学意义(P>0.05),二者的交互作用也无统计学意义(P>0.05);当线索提示范围为小范围时,对正确率进行简单效应分析,结果发现3种不同呈现时间下受试对象视觉搜索正确率的差异无统计学意义(P=0.058),其中35 ms条件下,受试对象的正确率最高;对视觉搜索的反应时进行双因素方差分析表明,线索提示范围的主效应有统计学意义(P<0.05),阈下刺激呈现时间的主效应不显著(P>0.05),二者的交互作用也不显著(P>0.05)。结论小范围提示条件下,受试对象接受35 ms(接近阈限水平)的线索提示时视觉搜索的正确率最高。无意识刺激得到了较高水平的加工,可以用于提高飞行人员完成视觉搜索任务时的工作绩效。     

空间站舱内多身体朝向的定向任务绩效差异仿真试验研究

目的探究三维空间中定向任务的特点,探讨在不同身体朝向条件下完成空间站模拟失重视觉环境中定向任务绩效间的差异。方法选取16名男性志愿者参加舱内定向测试任务,对不同身体朝向下的舱内定向任务绩效指标进行差异性检验;同时测量志愿者的空间能力,对空间能力绩效指标与舱内定向任务绩效指标进行相关性分析。结果不同身体朝向下的定向任务完成绩效间具有显著性差异,身体朝向相对于典型朝向偏差越大时完成定向任务的反应时越长;个体空间能力与舱内定向任务绩效之间具有显著的相关性。结论三维空间定向任务中存在"朝向依赖"效应,飞行前进行多朝向的定向训练对航天员在轨高效完成定向任务是必要的;个体空间能力可能在多朝向的舱内定向任务中发挥着重要作用。     

某部人员认知能力指标测评与分析

目的 考察战斗部队不同专业人员的认知能力特点与差异,为进一步构建部队人员认知能力模型、确定综合认知能力评价模型及其标准提供理论依据和技术手段.方法 选用注意力检测、听觉数字记忆广度测试、手指灵活性测定、视觉反应能力测试、听觉反应能力测试、思维活动力检测等6项测试对某战斗部队4个不同专业5类人员,包括工兵、步兵、装甲兵、男侦察兵与女侦察兵共314名战士进行测试.结果 被试6项认知能力测试指标均有良好的鉴别力,记忆力与注意力呈现高度相关性(P<0.01),注意力与数字译码显著相关(P<0.05),与声光反应时显著相关(P<0.01).不同专业人员的认知能力指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).按不同年龄、职务、学历分组,多项指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 声光简单反应时只取其中之一即可,各项指标均可作为部队人员认知能力的单项指标进行测评.根据测评结果可以对其能力进行评估.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）