褶纹冠蚌的脑、足神经节内Glu、GABA、5-HT、ACh和DA能神经元的分布

目的:观察谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)和多巴胺(dopamine,DA)神经元在褶纹冠蚌中枢神经系统内的分布。方法:免疫组织化学染色技术和免疫印迹技术。结果:脑神经节外侧胞体层存在大量的GABA能神经元,偶见胞体较大的Glu、5-HT、ACh和DA能神经元,其中央纤维网可见丰富的GABA能神经末稍及少量的Glu、5-HT、ACh和DA能神经末梢。足神经节外侧胞体层亦含有大量的GABA能神经元,可见散在的Glu、5-HT、ACh和DA能神经元,其中央纤维网可见丰富的GABA能神经末稍及零星的Glu、5-HT、ACh和DA能神经末梢。结论:褶纹冠蚌脑和足神经节均含有GABA、Glu、5-HT、ACh和DA能神经元,但这五类神经元的数量和密度有所不同。     

神经垂体内5-羟色胺的免疫电镜研究

本文用免疫电镜方法研究了大鼠神经垂体内5-HT的超微结构分布。结果表明:神经垂体内的5-HT免疫反应产物定位于神经末梢的大颗粒囊泡内、小透亮囊泡表面和线粒体外膜。有时,垂体细胞胞浆也呈5-HT免疫反应阳性。5-HT免疫反应阳性的神经末梢分布于毛细血管周围和垂体细胞附迈。本文首次报道含5-HT的神经末梢可与非5-HT神经末梢形成对称性轴-轴突触。其中,5-HT末梢为突触前成分。本文结果提示:神经垂体内的5-HT不仅可通过非突触方式而且可通过突触方式释放,参与神经内分泌功能的调节。     

乙醇对大鼠脑内5-HT能神经体系的影响

目的 观察乙醇处理大鼠脑内色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)和5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)的表达改变,判断乙醇对脑内5-HT能神经体系的影响.方法 以20%乙醇代替饮水饲养30只Wistar大鼠6个月;利用免疫组织化学、免疫印迹及流式细胞术等方法,分析乙醇处理大鼠有关脑区5-HT能神经体系相关指标的改变.结果 1.免疫组织化学法可见,乙醇处理组大鼠脑内中缝背核TPH、5-HT免疫反应阳性神经元数量少于对照组(P＜0.01);TPH免疫阳性神经元直径小于对照组(P＜0.01);相关脑区TPH、5-HT和SERT免疫反应灰度值比对照组增高(P<0.05).2.流式细胞术检测可见,乙醇处理组大鼠TPH、5-HT和SERT的表达量低于对照组(P<0.05).3.免疫印迹法检测可见,乙醇处理组大鼠SERT和TPH与β-actin相对吸光度比值均小于相应对照组(P<0.05).结论 乙醇降低脑内TPH、5-HT和SERT的表达,可能改变脑内5-HT能神经体系的功能活动.     

5-HT_(1A)受体亚型与P物质、Ⅰ型囊泡膜谷氨酸转运体和甘丙肽在大鼠背根神经节神经元中的共表达

为探讨5-HT1A受体亚型参与感觉信息调控的机制,本文利用免疫荧光组织化学双重染色技术观察了该受体亚型与P物质(SP)、I型囊泡膜谷氨酸转运体(VGLUT1)和甘丙肽(Gal)在大鼠背根神经节(DRG)神经元内的共存状况。结果表明:5-HT1A受体亚型阳性神经元占DRG神经元总数的46.2%,阳性神经元以大型及小型神经元为主。在DRG内观察到了5-HT1A/SP、5-HT1A/VGLUT1以及5-HT1A/Gal双标神经元。其中5-HT1A/SP双标神经元占5-HT1A受体亚型阳性神经元的34.6%,占SP阳性神经元的72.0%;5-HT1A/VGLUT1双标神经元占5-HT1A受体亚型阳性神经元的24.1%,占VGLUT1阳性神经元的18.5%;5-HT1A/Gal双标神经元占5-HT1A免疫阳性神经元的17.6%,占Gal免疫阳性神经元的63.8%。5-HT1A/SP和5-HT1A/Gal双标神经元主要为DRG的小型神经元,而5-HT1A/VGLUT1双标神经元主要为大、中型神经元。上述结果提示,5-HT1A受体亚型可能通过调节SP、谷氨酸以及Gal在初级传入终末及外周神经末稍的释放发挥其感觉信息的调节作用。     

家兔侧脑室注射5-羟色胺对血糖浓度的影响

5-羟色胺(5-HT)是一种广泛分布于中枢神经系统和外周组织中的神经化学物质。有人曾在兔、狗和大鼠的外周注射较大剂量的5-HT(5～10mg/kg)引起了血糖的升高。一般认为;由于血脑屏障的存在,外周的5-HT很难进入中枢,中枢和外周的5-HT     

大鼠臂旁核内5-羟色胺阳性纤维和终末的来源

本研究采用荧光金(FG)逆行追踪与5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫荧光组化染色相结合的双重技术观察了臂旁核(PBN)内5-HT阳性神经纤维和终末的来源。将FG注入PBN后,FG逆标神经元主要分布在三叉神经核簇、脑干网状结构外侧小细胞部、中缝核簇和中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG);免疫荧光组化染色的结果显示5-HT阳性神经元主要位于中缝核簇和PAG;在中缝核簇和PAG内可见FG逆标并呈5-HT阳性的双重标记神经元。上述结果表明,中缝核簇和PAG内的5-HT能神经元向PBN发出投射,它们在躯体和内脏感觉信息的传递和调控方面发挥重要作用。     

人淋巴组织中5-HT1A受体的表达

目的检测5-HT1A受体蛋白及其mRNA 在人淋巴组织中的表达情况,寻求神经免疫内分泌网络间功能双向调节的形态学依据.方法应用免疫组织化学Picture法及核酸分子原位杂交的方法,检测5-HT1A受体蛋白及其mRNA 在100例人淋巴结、脾脏及肠道淋巴组织中的表达.结果免疫表型显示5-HT1A受体蛋白在人各种淋巴组织中表达的阳性率为86.25%,与原位杂交(阳性率为75.0%)之间的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.570, P》0.05).结论人的淋巴组织不但可以表达5-HT1A受体蛋白还可以合成其mRNA, 5-HT1A受体为神经免疫内分泌网络共有的生物学语言媒介;神经源性与免疫源性的5-HT都可以通过免疫细胞膜上的5-HT1A受体对免疫系统发挥调节作用.     

大鼠孤束核内5-HT和内脏神经初级传入终末与向臂旁核投射神经元的联系-激光共聚焦扫描显微镜研究

本文在激光共聚焦扫描显微镜下观察了内源性5-HT终末、Ⅸ、X脑神经初级传人终末在孤束核内与向臂旁核投射神经元之间的联系.分别向臂旁外侧核微量注射四甲基罗丹明,Ⅸ、X脑神经干内微量注射生物素化葡聚糖胺,以免疫荧光和荧光组织化学方法显示5-HT、内脏神经初级传人终末和孤束核内的四甲基罗丹明逆行标记神经元.结果发现,大量罗丹明逆行标记细胞(红色)主要位于注射侧孤束核的的内侧、小细胞亚核及连合核.同部位也同时观察到5-HT能阳性终末(蓝色)和内脏神经初级传人终末(绿色).两种终末的终扣和膨体紧靠逆行标记神经元的胞体和树突或与其重叠,这些可能是突触连接部位的接触点.本文结果提示中枢内的下行性5-HT纤维可能直接作用于孤束核内向臂旁核投射的神经元且通过与内脏神经传人终末在此处的汇聚,而产生新的神经效应.     

GAD_(67)-GFP基因敲入小鼠脊髓背角GABA能神经元与不同5-HT受体亚型的共存研究

为初步探讨5-HT受体亚型对脊髓背角内抑制性GABA能神经元的介导作用,本研究以GAD67-GFP基因敲入小鼠为工具,利用免疫荧光双标记方法,检测了5-HT受体亚型与脊髓背角GABA能阳性神经元的共存情况。结果显示,GABA能阳性细胞与5-HT1A,5-HT2A和5-HT3等受体亚型共存,且共存率存在明显不同。以上结果提示5-HT受体各亚型在脊髓水平发挥不同的作用,从而参与完成5-HT复杂的生理效应。     

5-羟色胺系统参与学习记忆调节的研究进展

5-羟色胺（5-HT）系统在学习记忆中的调控作用越来越受到关注。5-HT能神经元是学习记忆研究最主要的神经元之一。5-HT释放作用于突触前/后膜各种亚型受体发挥其功能，尤其是对5-HT能神经元投射环路深入研究，将促进对学习记忆的探究。本文对5-HT受体、5-HT能神经元活动水平、5-HT能神经元投射环路参与学习记忆的相关研究进行阐述，为治疗学习记忆障碍提供理论依据。     

The serotoninergic division of the vegetative nervous system under normal and pathological conditions

The authors researched into the mechanisms through which the sympathetic nerve intensifies the vagal stimulation of the gastroduodenal, urinary bladder, uterine and deferent duct motility and the vagal inhibition of heart functioning. It was shown that these phenomena are mediated by preganglionic serotoninergic fibers conducting excitement to intramural serotoninergic neurons. The study found a growing cranio-caudal gradient of the serotoninergic innervation of visceral organs. The mechanism of gastroduodenal motility activation includes intramural serotoninergic neurons, which conduct excitement to 5-HT1,2 -serotonin receptors of the effector tissues. A model of myocarditis and experimental gastric ulcer demonstrated the cardio- and gastroduodenoprotectory effects of the serotonin blockers.     

大鼠心房室结区血管活性肠肽神经的分布和定量研究

用免疫组织化学方法结合图像分析和放射免疫测定研究了大鼠心房室结（ＡＶＮ）区血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）的分布和含量，发现房室结区不仅含有ＶＩＰ神经纤维而且含有ＶＩＰ神经细胞。结果提示ＡＶＮ的ＶＩＰ能神经可能在房室传导等心功能调节中起重要作用。     

Architecture and age-related analysis of the neuronal number of the guinea pig intrinsic cardiac nerve plexus.

The aims of the present study have been to determine the architecture of the guinea pig intrinsic cardiac nerve plexus (ICNP) and to test whether or not the heart of this species undergoes decrease in neuronal number with aging. Nine young (3-4 weeks of age) and nine adult (18-24 months of age) animals were examined employing histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase to reveal the ICNP in total hearts. The number of intracardiac neurons in seven animals was assessed via counting of the nerve cells both on total hearts and in serial sections of the atrial walls. The intracardiac neurons from adult guinea pigs were amassed within 329 +/- 15 ganglia. The hearts of young animals contained significantly fewer ganglia, only 211 +/- 27. In adult guinea pigs approximately 60% of the intracardiac neurons were distributed within ganglia of not more than 20 neurons, but the ganglia of such size accumulated only 45% of the neurons in young animals. The total number of the intracardiac neurons estimated per guinea pig heart was 2321 +/- 215, and this number did not differ significantly between young and adult animals. The nerves entering the guinea pig heart were found both in the arterial and venous part of the heart hilum. The nerves from the arterial part of the heart hilum proceeded into the ventricles, but the nerves from the venous part of the hilum formed a nerve plexus of the cardiac hilum located on the heart base. Within the guinea pig epicardium, intrinsic nerves divided into six routes and proceeded to separate atrial, ventricular and septal regions. In conclusion, findings of this study contradict the age-related decrease of the neuronal number in the guinea pig heart and illustrate the remarkable similarity in the architecture of the intracardiac nerve plexuses between guinea pig and rat.     

大白鼠脊髓中间带内5-羟色胺免疫反应纤维的分布

本文用免疫细胞化学卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合体(Avidin-Biotin PeroxidaseComplex, ABC)法显示大白鼠脊髓中间带内5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫反应纤维的分布。5-HT纤维见于交感节前神经元所在的各亚核区。在含中间外侧核的侧角内,5-HT纤维呈簇状分布,各簇之间以纵行纤维联系。纤维簇向外连于外侧索内的5-HT纤维,向内成横束经中间灰质至中央管周围。5-HT纤维在中央管背方较多,靠中线者趋于纵行。中央管室管膜下也有5-HT纤维,紧贴中央管两旁则形成两条纵向的5-HT纤维束。在含交感节前神经元的各节段内,5-HT纤维在中间带的分布形式虽然基本相似,但在各节段侧角内5-HT纤维簇的大小和疏密,以及中间带内横行纤维束的粗细和间隔大小等又有各自的特点。这些特点与各节段中交感节前神经元的分布形式和多寡是相互一致的。     

Hypothalamo-bulbar regulation of afferent reactions of intact and altered heart]

Afferent reactions of the heart were studied by registration of evoked potentials (EP) in acute experiments on cats. It was established that the hypothalamo-bulbar structures take part in regulation of heart afferentation through depressive effects descending along the system of the vagus nerves. In this case increase of the activity of the posterior hypothalamus in the period of acute myocardial ischemia due to activation of neurons of the motor nucleus of the vagus nerves leads to depression of excitation processes on the neurons of the intracardiac nervous system, while the zones of the anterior hypothalamus exert a relieving effect on heart afferentation.     

Serotoninergic but not noradrenergic neurons in rat central nervous system adapt to long-term treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Repeated administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors induces a transient decrease in the firing rate of serotoninergic neurons followed by complete recovery, whereas it results in a persistent reduction of the firing rate of noradrenergic neurons. Under these conditions, serotoninergic, but not noradrenergic, neurons undergo a desensitization of their somatic autoreceptors. Serotoninergic neurons therefore show the capacity to free themselves from their autoregulatory control, a property which noradrenergic neurons appear to be lacking. The time course of the recovery in the firing rate of the serotoninergic neurons is consistent with the delayed antidepressant effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.     

Effects of beta-amyloid protein on serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic markers in neurons of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum in the rat

The effects on serotoninergic, noradrenergic and cholinergic markers on neurons of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum nuclei were studied in rats following local administration of fibrillar beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta1-40) into the left retrosplenial cortex. Focal deposition of Abeta in the retrosplenial cortex resulted in a loss of serotoninergic neurons in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. The dorsal raphe nucleus showed a statistically significant reduction of 31.7% in the number of serotoninergic neurons and a decrease (up to 17.38%) in neuronal density in comparison with the same parameters in uninjected controls. A statistically significant reduction of 50.3%, together with a significant decrease of 53.94% in the density of serotoninergic neurons, was also observed in the median raphe nucleus as compared with control animals. Furthermore, a significant reduction of 35.07% in the number of noradrenergic neurons as well as a statistically significant decrease of 56.55% in the density of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons were also found in the locus coeruleus as compared with the corresponding hemisphere in uninjected controls. By contrast, a reduction of 24.37% in the number of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons and a slight decrease (up to 22.28%) in the density of cholinergic neurons, which were not statistically significant, was observed in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus in comparison with the same parameters in control animals. These results show that three different neurochemically defined populations of neurons in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum are affected by the neurotoxicity of Abeta in vivo and that Abeta might indirectly affect serotoninergic, noradrenergic and cholinergic innervation in the retrosplenial cortex.     

豚鼠中脑中缝背核和中缝正中核5-羟色胺能神经元向视交叉上核的直接投射

实验借助HRP逆行定位和免疫细胞化学定性相结合的双重标记技术,探讨豚鼠中脑中缝背核和中缝正中核向下丘脑视交叉上核的直接投射.结果首次确定了:(1)中缝背核/中缝正中核内5-羟色胺和非5-羟色胺能神经元对视交叉上核的直接投射和分布特点;(2)投射神经元主要集中在中缝背核;(3)中缝背核对视交叉上核的投射神经元几乎均为5-羟色胺能,而中缝正中核中5-羟色胺和非5-羟色胺能投射神经元约各占半数.     

Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in juvenile Aplysia

Serotonin-immunocytochemistry has been applied to whole mounts of the central nervous system and of several peripheral tissues from stage 12 juvenile Aplysia californica. The small size of animals at this stage permits visualization of the three-dimensional distribution of structures containing serotonin-immunoreactivity in unsectioned tissues. Many neuronal cell bodies are stained in addition to the giant cerebral neuron of the cerebral ganglion and cells in the RB cluster of the abdominal ganglia which previously had been characterized biochemically and pharmacologically as being serotoninergic. Neuronal cell bodies, both in central ganglia and in the wall of the gut, are encircled by plexuses of serotoninergic varicosities. The neuropil of ganglia and the eye also contain fine, immunoreactive axons bearing varicosities. Intraganglionic connectives and nerves contain many stout fluorescent axons. Serotoninergic varicosities are also observed in the connective tissue sheath surrounding central ganglia and nerves, as well as in heart and body muscle, blood vessels and gut.