Burnout in the intensive care unit professionals

Background:

Professional burnout has been widely explored in health care. We conducted this study in our hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in United States to explore the burnout among nurses and respiratory therapists (RT).

Materials and Methods:

A survey consisting of two parts was used to assess burnout. Part 1 addressed the demographic information and work hours. Part 2 addressed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey.

Results:

The analysis included 213 total subjects; Nurses 151 (71%) and RT 62 (29%). On the emotional exhaustion (EE) scale, 54% scored “Moderate” to “High” and 40% scored “Moderate” to “High” on the depersonalization (DP) scale. Notably 40.6% scored “Low” on personal accomplishment (PA) scale.

Conclusion:

High level of EE, DP and lower PAs were seen among two groups of health care providers in the ICUs.     

Personal and Environmental Characteristics Predicting Burnout Among Certified Athletic Trainers at National Collegiate Athletic Association Institutions

Context:

Recent research in the health care professions has shown that specific personal and environmental characteristics can predict burnout, which is a negative coping strategy related to stressful situations. Burnout has been shown to result in physiologic (eg, headaches, difficulty sleeping, poor appetite), psychological (eg, increased negative self-talk, depression, difficulty in interpersonal relationships), and behavioral (eg, diminished care, increased absenteeism, attrition) symptoms.

Objective:

To examine the relationship between selected personal and environmental characteristics and burnout among certified athletic trainers (ATs).

Design:

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:

A demographic survey that was designed for this study and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 206 ATs employed at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions as clinical ATs volunteered.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We assessed personal and environmental characteristics of ATs with the demographic survey and measured burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine relationships between specific personal and environmental characteristics and each of the 3 subscales of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment).

Results:

Most ATs we surveyed experienced low to average levels of burnout. Personal characteristics predicted 45.5% of the variance in emotional exhaustion (P < .001), 21.5% of the variance in depersonalization (P < .001), and 24.8% of the variance in personal accomplishment (P < .001). Environmental characteristics predicted 16.7% of the variance in emotional exhaustion (P  =  .005), 14.4% of the variance in depersonalization (P  =  .024), and 10.4% of the variance in personal accomplishment (P  =  .209). Stress level and coaches'' pressure to medically clear athletes predicted ratings on all 3 subscales of burnout.

Conclusions:

Our findings were similar to those of other studies of burnout among NCAA Division I ATs, coaches, and coach-teachers. The results also support the Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout proposed by Smith. Finally, these results indicate new areas of concentration for burnout research and professional practice.     

医务人员工作倦怠、工作满意度与心理健康的关系

目的探讨医务人员工作倦怠、工作满意度与心理健康的关系。方法采用工作倦怠问卷(MBI)、工作满意度问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对河北省某省级三甲医院101名医务人员进行调查。结果 1不同年龄医务人员在玩世不恭、成就感低落及工作满意度方面的得分有统计学差异(F=3.36,3.07,2.73;P<0.05);不同工龄医务人员在情绪衰竭、成就感低落及焦虑、敌对因子方面得分有统计学差异(F=3.05,3.67,2.82,3.01;P<0.05);医生玩世不恭水平低于护士(t=-2.59,P<0.05),工作满意度高于护士(t=2.26,P<0.05);2情绪衰竭、成就感低落与SCL-90各因子呈明显正相关(P<0.01);工作满意度与SCL-90各因子(敌对除外)呈负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05);3在控制了人口统计学变量后,情绪衰竭对躯体化、强迫症状及敌对解释的方差变异量分别增加了3%、5%及3%;玩世不恭对SCL-90各因子解释的方差变异量增加了12%~31%。结论工作倦怠是影响医务人员心理健康的一个重要因素。     

边检基层民警工作倦怠与心理健康研究

目的探讨边检基层民警的工作倦怠状况及其与心理健康的关系。方法采用Maslach工作倦怠量表（MBI-HSS）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对333名边检基层民警进行测量。结果1边检基层民警工作倦怠的情绪衰竭和个人成就感低下较严重,去人性化中等;2人口统计学变量在一定程度上影响情绪衰竭和个人成就感;3工作倦怠中的情绪衰竭和去个性化因子与SCL-90各因子及总均分的相关均非常显著（P＜0.01）,个人成就感因子与SCL-90的抑郁和敌意因子相关显著（P＜0.05）。结论边检基层民警的工作倦怠与心理健康的关系密切。     

中小学教师的职业倦怠与辞职意向的关系

目的：考察中小学教师辞职意向的一般特点及其与职业倦怠的相互关系。方法：采用辞职意向调查表和Maslach倦怠量表调查了717名中小学教师。结果：有25．10％的教师存在中等程度辞职意向，5．58％的教师存在高度辞职意向，中学教师的辞职意向高于小学教师（t=3．48，P〈0．01），高学历教师高于中低学历的教师，教龄15年以下的教师高于教龄21年以上的教师，年龄34岁以下的教师高于46岁以上的教师。情绪衰竭和人格解体程度越高，越容易辞职；个人成就感越低，越不容易辞职。职业倦怠对辞职意向的预测力达16．5％。结论：职业倦怠是影响中小学教师辞职意向的重要因素。年轻、高学历、有竞争力的教师更倾向于辞职。     

The relationship between medical students’ empathy and burnout levels by gender and study years

ObjectiveTo investigate the multifaceted factors affecting empathy in medical students.Methods1293 medical students from 15 South Korean medical schools participated in an online survey. Affective empathy was measured with the ‘empathy concern’ and ‘personal distress’ dimensions from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Medical Students (IRI-MS). Cognitive empathy was assessed with IRI-MS’ ‘perspective taking’ and Jefferson Scales for Physician Empathy for Student (JSPE-S). Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Students (MBI-MS) assessed the burnout levels of the participants.ResultsA significant gender difference in affective and cognitive empathy was found using JSPE-S. Different patterns were seen in the empathy dimensions between the study years and genders. Burnout scores showed no gender differences, while exhaustion and cynicism increased, and academic efficacy decreased with seniority. Academic efficacy was a consistently influential factor for both affective and cognitive empathy in both genders, all study years and the three domains of burnout.ConclusionAcademic efficacy was a significant factor influencing both affective and cognitive empathy.Practical implicationsThe comprehensive nature of empathy in medical students may be better investigated by applying multi-dimensional empathy measurement tools and by analyzing multiple factors such as gender, study year and burnout.     

农村小学教师职业倦怠与社会支持的关系研究

目的了解农村小学教师职业倦怠的现状及其与社会支持的关系。方法采用Maslach倦怠量表和社会支持评定量表对121名农村小学教师进行测试。结果1农村小学教师的职业倦怠呈现出高情感衰竭、高成就感降低和低去个性化的现象;2在情感衰竭维度上,不同婚姻状况的教师存在差异(P0.05);在去个性化维度上,是否担任班主任的教师存在差异(P0.05);3个人成就感降低与主观支持和社会支持总分呈显著的负相关(P0.01)。结论从总体上来说,农村小学教师的职业倦怠状况不严重,婚姻状况、是否担任班主任等人口统计学变量是影响职业倦怠的重要因素,社会支持,尤其是主观支持对个人成就感降低有重要的影响。     

护士心理控制源、应对方式与工作倦怠的相关研究

目的 了解护士心理控制源、应对方式与其工作倦怠水平的关系,为对护士的工作倦怠干预提供帮助.方法 采用中式工作倦怠量表、内在—外在心理控制源量表和简易应对方式问卷对175名护士进行测试.结果 控制源对于耗竭有正向的预测作用(P＜0.01),积极应对对于人格解体和成就感降低有负向的预测作用(P＜0.05),消极应对对于耗竭和成就感降低有正向的预测作用(P＜0.01).结论 心理控制源和应对方式是影响护士工作倦怠问题的重要因素.     

A Multicenter Study Investigating Empathy and Burnout Characteristics in Medical Residents with Various Specialties

We assessed empathy in medical residents, including factors modifying empathy and the relationship between empathy and burnout. Participants (n = 317 residents, response rate = 42%) from 4 university hospitals completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (Health Professional version, Korean edition), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Participants were classified by medical specialty: “people-oriented specialty” (POS group) or “technology-oriented specialty” (TOS group), with more women in the POS than in the TOS group, χ² = 14.12, P < 0.001. Being female, married, and having children were factors related to higher empathy (gender, t = -2.129, P = 0.034; marriage, t = -2.078, P = 0.038; children, t = 2.86, P = 0.005). Within specialty group, POS residents showed higher empathy scores in the fourth as compared to the first year, F = 3.166, P = 0.026. Comparing POS and TOS groups by year, fourth year POS residents had significantly higher scores than did fourth year TOS residents, t = 3.349, P = 0.002. There were negative correlations between empathy scores and 2 MBI subscales, emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP). Additionally, first year POS residents had higher DP scores than did first year TOS residents, t = 2.183, P = 0.031. We suggest that factors important for empathy are type of medical specialty, marriage, siblings, and children. Burnout state may be related to decreasing empathy.     

The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Burnout in Collegiate Athletic Trainers

ContextSpiritual well-being is the expression of one''s spirituality as measured in the dimensions of existential and religious well-being. The Smith Cognitive Affective Model of Athletic Burnout suggests that personality factors such as spiritual well-being and the use of religious coping methods may affect burnout as well as its causes and outcomes. This has not been examined in collegiate athletic trainers (ATs).ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and burnout in collegiate ATs.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWeb-based survey.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 783 certified ATs employed full time in the collegiate setting participated. Part-time employees (eg, graduate assistants, interns) were excluded.Main Outcome Measure(s)A 100-item online questionnaire was created for this study. It used items from previously developed scales, including the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Brief RCOPE, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and substance-use questions from the Monitoring the Future study. Participants were able to complete the survey in approximately 10–15 minutes. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyze survey data. We mapped all independent (existential well-being, religious well-being, positive and negative religious coping) and dependent variables (situational variables, Maslach Burnout Inventory burnout subscales, substance use, and intention to leave) onto the Smith Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout to determine which variables altered burnout levels, substance use, and intention to leave. Tests of mediation or moderation were conducted when appropriate.ResultsExistential well-being was a significant positive predictor of social support and a significant negative predictor of work-family conflict, decreased sense of personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, intention to leave the profession, and binge drinking. Existential well-being also served as a mediator or moderator in several components of the model.ConclusionsExistential well-being was a protective factor against burnout as well as some of the causes and effects of burnout in collegiate ATs.     

精神病院医护人员工作倦怠与自我效能感的关系研究

目的了解精神病院医护人员工作倦怠的现状,并探讨其自我效能感与工作倦怠的关系。方法采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、中国工作倦怠量表(CM B I)为调查工具,对随机抽取的精神病院95名医护人员进行调查,对数据进行频数统计、t检验、方差分析、相关分析和回归分析。结果①精神病院医护人员轻度倦怠症状水平的检出率为32.6%,中度倦怠症状水平的检出率为18.9%,高度倦怠症状水平的检出率为5.3%;②经过回归分析得出,自我效能感对耗竭(t=-2.008,P<0.05)和个人成就感降低(t=-4.269,P<0.01)有预测作用,而对人格解体(t=0.542,P>0.05)无预测作用。结论精神病院医护人员工作倦怠现状不容乐观,其自我效能感对其工作倦怠有显著影响。     

Medical Supplies Shortages and Burnout among Greek Health Care Workers during Economic Crisis: a Pilot Study

Greece has been seriously affected by the economic crisis. In 2011 there were reports of 40% reduction to public hospital budgets. Occasional shortages of medical supplies have been reported in mass media. We attempted to pivotally investigate the frequency of medical supplies shortages in two Greek hospital units of the National Health System and to also assess their possible impact on burnout risk of health care workers. We conducted a cross-sectional study (n=303) of health care workers in two Greek hospitals who were present at the workplace during a casually selected working day (morning shift work). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used as the measure of burnout. An additional questionnaire was used about demographics, and working conditions (duration of employment, cumulative night shifts, type of hospital including medical supplies shortages and their impact on quality of healthcare. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment was 44.5%, 43.2% and 51.5%, respectively. Medical supply shortages were significantly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. This finding provides preliminary evidence that austerity has affected health care in Greece. Moreover, the medical supply shortages in Greek hospitals may reflect the unfolding humanitarian crisis of the country.     

交通警察工作倦怠调查分析

目的调查交通警察工作倦怠状况及影响因素。方法对179名交通警察用工作倦怠量表（MBI-GS）进行测试。结果交警职业倦怠中情绪枯竭维度、玩世不恭维度、成就感低落维度评分分别为1．90土1．18、1．84±1．18、3．00±0．89。男性交警情绪耗竭和玩世不恭程度高于女性警察;年轻的、警龄短的交警情绪耗竭和玩世不恭比年龄大的警龄长的交警严重;未婚交警情绪耗竭和玩世不恭程度高于已婚警察;学历高的交警个人成就感低;外勤警比内勤警工作倦怠严重。结论交通警察工作倦怠状况不容忽视,男性、年轻、警龄短、未婚、外勤的警察应列为预防和防预的重点对象。     

综合医院医技人员职业倦怠调查及影响因素

目的 对重庆市大型综合医院医技人员的职业倦怠进行调查及相关因素进行分析,提高医院管理部门对医技人员的重视,达到防治医技人员职业倦怠、提高医疗安全的目的.方法 采用整群抽样方法,对重庆市3家综合医院176名医技人员进行问卷调查.结果 医技人员职业倦怠轻、中、重度的检出率分别是38.07％,29.55％,6.25％;情感耗竭检出率22.16％,人格解体检出率46.02％,成就感减低检出率51.14％;医技人员在人格解体纬度上显著高于医护人员(t=3.069,P＜0.01);大专以下学历在情感衰竭纬度上的评分显著高于本科及硕士以上学历(F=3.862,P＜0.01);神经质(β=0.191,P＜0.01)与精神质(β=-0.126,P＜0.01)对情感衰竭有显著的预测作用,神经质(β=0.182,P＜0.01)、掩饰性(β=-0.132,P＜0.01)和自我效能(β=0.124,P＜0.01)对人格解体有显著预测作用,掩饰性(β=-0.170,P＜0.01)和自我效能(β=-0.247,P＜0.01)对人格成就感减低有显著预测作用.结论 医技人员职业倦怠程度总体上来说较为严重,人格特征及自我效能在一定程度上可以预测职业倦怠.     

西安市三级医院肿瘤外科护士职业倦怠及影响因素分析

目的 了解肿瘤外科护士职业倦怠现状,分析其影响因素。方法 2017年12月~2018年2月采用随机抽样方法抽取西安市五所三级医院肿瘤外科432名护士进行调查,采用Maslach编制的职业倦怠感量表进行调查。结果 肿瘤外科护士职业倦怠检出率为72.68%,其中轻度倦怠占37.92%,中度倦怠占42.28%,重度倦怠占19.80%。职业倦怠三个维度中,情感耗竭得分（27.42±12.99）分,去人格化得分（8.12±7.94）分,低个人成就感分得（30.2±11.71）分,均属于高度倦怠,且分别高于国内常模,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素回归显示:年龄、长期轮值夜班影响护士的职业倦怠。结论 肿瘤外科护士职业倦怠感处于中等偏高水平,医院管理者应引起重视,通过改善夜班工作模式,年龄层级培养加强护士降低职业倦怠感的发生,提高工作满意度。     

艾滋病医护人员社会支持对工作倦怠的影响

目的了解艾滋病医护人员工作倦怠状况,探讨社会支持对其工作倦怠的影响,为进行有效干预提供依据。方法采用中式工作倦怠量表（CMBI）和社会支持问卷（SRRS）对342名河南省艾滋病医护人员进行测试。结果艾滋病医护人员工作倦怠总体检出率达到75．5％,其中．轻度倦怠为35．4％,中度倦怠为32．2%,高度倦怠为7．9％。情感耗竭与主观支持和支持利用度呈极显著负相关;成就感降低与社会支持3个维度均呈极显著负相关;人格解体与社会支持各维度相关不显著。分层回归显示,主观支持对情感耗竭、成就感降低预测作用显著,支持利用度对成就感降低预测作用显著。结论应关注艾滋病医护人员的工作倦怠问题,给予他们更多的支持与关爱。     

大学生人际倦怠的初步研究

目的 编制大学生人际倦怠量表.方法 对500名大学生施测编制的大学生人际倦怠量表,对其中的180名大学生同时施测幸福感指数量表.结果 验证性因素分析表明,人际倦怠量表包括情绪耗竭、人格解体、成就感降低3个维度;人际倦怠量表及其各维度的α系数为0.7104～0.8217;人际倦怠及其各维度与总体情感指数和生活满意度呈显著...     

中小学教师的自我概念与其职业倦怠的关系

目的：探讨教师自我概念与职业倦怠之间的关系。方法：采用教师自我概念量表(TSCES)和职业倦怠量表对692名中小学教师进行了问卷调查。结果：教师自我概念与职业倦怠中的情绪衰竭和去人性化呈显著负相关，与低成就感呈显著正相关：回归分析表明教师自我概念中教学满意度、自我接纳、人际感知和师生关系对职业倦怠有一定的预测作用。结论：中小学教师的自我概念与其职业倦怠存在显著的相关，自我概念的不同维度对职业倦怠具有不同的预测作用。     

大学生社会支持中介人格与人际倦怠的关系

目的检验大学生社会支持对人格与人际倦怠关系的中介作用。方法对被试大学生施测社会支持量表、人际倦怠量表和简式艾森克人格问卷。结果①精神质对主观支持有预测作用(β=-0.324,P<0.001),内外向对社会支持各维度都有预测作用(0.186<β<0.413,P<0.05);②精神质能预测人格解体(β=0.308,P<0.001),内外向能预测情绪耗竭(β=-0.216,P<0.001)和成就感降低(β=-0.540,P<0.001),神经质能预测情绪耗竭(β=0.513,P<0.001)和人格解体(β=0.169,P<0.05);③主观支持部分中介精神质与人格解体的关系,主观支持部分中介内外向与成就感降低的关系。结论社会支持对人格与人际倦怠的关系有中介作用。