寒区部队居室空气颗粒物中10种元素含量分析

在哈尔滨、长春、绵西三市各选新、旧营房一处，监测了冬、夏两季室内空气颗粒物中的Ａｓ，Ｈｇ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｂｅ和Ｃｕ１０种元素含量。结果表明，寒区室内空气污染冬季比夏季重；空气颗粒物中有害元素Ａｓ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ含量较我国西南地区和北京市略高；Ａｓ含量超过我国居住区卫生标准１倍以上，地区间比较１０种元素含量为室内高于室外，除Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ外，其它７种元素含量为哈尔滨＜长春＜锦西。     

等离子体光谱法同时测定食品中七种元素

本方法采用等离子体发射光谱分析法，同时测定食品中的Ａｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ元素。测定时采用信号补偿方式，消除各种因素对测定结果的影响。结果表明，本法干扰小，稳定性好，七种元素的变异系数在１．２％￣８．０％之间，回收率在８８％￣１０２％之间。采用该方法分别对罐头等食品中Ａｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ元素进行测定。测定时以标准物质人微言轻质控样品，测定值在标准值的允许范围内。     

化妆品中铅、镉、铬、铜、锌、锰含量调查

为了解化妆品重金属污染情况,随机抽样了荆州市场销售的６０余种化妆品,对其Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ六种金属元素的含量进行分析。结果表明,荆州市场销售的化妆品Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ六种重金属含量范围广,不同种类,同一种为的不同厂家的化妆品中重金属含量差异较大;Ｐｂ含量超标率为６．４％,建议对其它５种重金属制定化妆品最高允许浓度。     

锡焊作业者发中十五种微量和常量元素含量的研究

锡焊作业者发中十五种微量和常量元素含量的研究胜利石油管理局职业病防治所（山东省东营，２５７０３６）孙书芹，徐红娟，王峰清，李慧敏本文对２５名锡焊工和２８名对照组的发样进行了Ｐｂ、ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ含...     

冠心病患者头发中微量元素相关性研究

用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定了８７ 例冠心病患者头发样品中的Ａｌ、Ｂａ、Ｃａ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ等１３种微量元素的含量,并和健康人进行比较,结果显示：冠心病患者机体中Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ 超载,Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ 含量降低,其它元素无显著性差异。初步分析了头发中微量元素含量与冠心病的相关性     

仓颉菊的微量元素含量与功用

用原子吸收光谱仪测定了河南虞城县产仓颉菊中的Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ的含量,并把它与河南地道药材怀菊中的相应元素含量进行了对比,发现仓颉菊中富含多种人体必需的微量元素,其中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ的含量高于怀菊,Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值则低于怀菊     

锡焊作业者发中微量元素的测定

锡焊作业者发中微量元素的测定孙书芹，徐红娟，王峰清，李慧敏我们对２５名锡焊工和２８名对照组的发样进行了Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｓｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ含量的测定。一、对象与方法胜利油田某汽车修理厂水箱修理锡焊车...     

木立芦荟中的微量元素与功用

用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪（ＰＬＡＳＭＡ－８ＰＥＣ美国制造）测定了木立芦荟（ａｌｏｅ ａｒｂｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓｍ ｉｌｌｅｒ）中的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｓｅ、Ｇｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｄ、Ｓｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｂａ、Ｌｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｌａ、Ａｌ的含量,发现芦荟中除富含人体必需的多种微量元素外,还富含硒和锗,是一种极具开发和利用价值的中药植物。     

181例细菌性肺炎患者血清11种元素测定分析

１８１例细菌性肺炎患者血清１１种元素测定分析韩仁成，关云屏兰州解放军第一医院内二科（兰州７３００３０）梁东东兰州军区军医学校微量元素室ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＢｙｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｔｈｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆＣａ，Ｍｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ，Ｓｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｐｂ...     

用F浮动逐步回归分析法研究儿童及青少年智力与生物元素含量的关系

对昆明市儿童及青少年共２１３人进行了智商测定，以头发为样品，测定了Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ和Ｐ的含量，以上述测定值及Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ、Ｃａ／Ｍｇ、Ｎａ／Ｋ、年龄、性别等１９项指标为自变量，用Ｆ浮动法进行多元逐步回归，筛选出对智商影响较明显的因素为Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ，其次为Ｃｄ及Ｎａ。提示各元素间的协同作用和拮抗作用对智力产生综合影响。     

积累指数法对公路旁土壤中重金属污染的评价

目的评价公路旁土壤中重金属污染.方法以319国道龙岩市新罗区路段为例,应用积累指数法对公路环境土壤介质中重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Cr、Ni、Fe、Mn)污染叠加进行评价. 结果研究区土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr和Cu元素含量高于福建省土壤背景值,其平均含量分别是福建省土壤背景值的23.6倍、4.6倍、1.7倍和1.5倍.已形成强污染的元素为Cd,中等污染的元素为Pb,轻污染的元素为Cr.土壤对重金属元素的吸附及污染程度Cd＞Pb＞Cr＞Cu＞As＞Zn＞Ni＞Mn＞Fe.结论公路旁土壤中Cd、Pb污染严重,重金属污染物质主要来源于机动车辆燃料和轮胎中所含微量重金属成分.     

公路交通对土壤重金属污染的研究

目的评价公路交通引起的土壤中重金属污染。方法选择320国道马龙路段进行耕作土采样,用原子吸收光谱法和分光光度法分析土壤中重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Ni含量,采用清洁对照区土壤剖面重金属含量作为参比值,应用地积累指数法对重金属污染叠加进行评价。结果研究区土壤中Cu、CA、Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Ni的含量显著高于对照区（P〈0．01）。Cd为中等污染～强污染,Pb为中等污染,Cr和Cu为轻污染～中等污染。污染晕带沿公路延伸方向展开,自公路起向其两侧强度运渐减弱,扩散范围约为150m。土壤对重金属元素的吸收及污染程度;Cd〉Pb〉Cr〉Cu〉As〉Zn〉Ni。结论公路旁土壤重金属污染以Cd、Pb和Cr为主,污染叠加重金属来源主要为机动车燃料、轮胎、机械中所含微量重金属成分。     

公路旁土壤中重金属污染分布及潜在生态危害的研究

[目的]研究公路旁土壤中重金属污染的分布及潜在生态危害。[方法]以319国道龙岩市新罗区路段为研究区,对耕作土采样,用原子吸收光谱法和分光光度法分析土壤中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr含量,并与对照区比较,同时采用Lars Hakanson指数法评价重金属的潜在生态危害。[结果]研究区表层土壤cd[(1.48±0.60)mg/kg]、Pb[(160.17±55.99)mg/kg]、cu[(38.44±12.16)mg/kg]、Zn[(80.35±6.60)mg/kg]、Cr[(79.50±23.58)mg/kg]含量显著高于对照区(P<0.001),Cd和Pb为重度污染(100％),Cu和Cr为轻微污染(分别占监测点位的55.8％和35.3％);土壤对重金属元素的吸收及污染程度:Pb>Cd>Cu>Cr>zn。潜在生态危害综合指数为253.0,主要污染为Cd,达到很强的生态危害,其次是Pb、Cu、Cr和Zn,均为轻微生态危害;潜在生态危害地带自公路起向其两侧扩散范围约为150 m。[结论]公路旁土壤中重金属以Cd、Pb污染为主,属于中等生态危害,污染物主要来源于机动车辆燃料和轮胎中所含微量重金属成分。     

Levels of Heavy Metals Pollution in Different Types of Soil of Central Greece

This investigation was performed in order to clarify the degree of heavy metals pollution in forest, agricultural and industrial surface soil samples in relation to pre-anthropogenic soils of Almyros region, in Central Greece. In 2004 and 2005 soil samples were collected and analysed for available (DTPA method) and total (Aqua Regia method) Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni concentrations. For each metal the enrichment factor with respect to the levels in pre-anthropogenic soils was calculated. All the types of soils appeared to be less polluted than in other investigations. In agricultural and industrial soils the available Cd concentration was higher than the other metals studied. The enrichment factor of Cu in relation to total concentration has the maximum value of the metals studied. Professor Mitsios is deceased.     

2017—2019年新疆博州农村土壤重金属监测结果分析

目的通过对新疆博州地区农业用地中重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的监测,掌握农村土壤环境污染状况判断新疆博州地区农村环境卫生健康危害因素。方法2017—2019年选取博州地区博乐市所辖的5个乡镇中的4个行政村作为监测点,采集5~20cm深表层土壤,共采样60份。依据《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-2018)进行评价,采用单项指数法和内梅罗指数法评价Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的污染程度。结果2017—2019年博州地区土壤重金属中Pb、Cr、As、Hg含量均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值和管制值,而Cd含量的超标样本为13份(超标率21.67%),Pb、Cd、Cr、As含量差异有统计学意义(分别P=0.005,P=0.007,P<0.001,P=0.027),而Hg含量差异无统计学意义(P=0.306)。Pb、Cr、As、Hg的单项污染指数Pi<1,为无污染状态,但元素Cd在2017—2018两年内出现单因子污染指数Pi>1,最大值为2.33。2017和2018年农村土壤综合污染指数为1.67和1.06,评价结果为轻度污染,而2019年农村土壤综合污染指数为0.72,评价结果为尚清洁。结论新疆博州地区部分农村环境土壤质量整体尚可,但部分地区重金属Cd污染值得关注。     

Geo-Accumulation Indices of Heavy Metals in Soil and Groundwater of Kanpur,India Under Long Term Irrigation of Tannery Effluent

Soil and groundwater from long-term (>50 years) tannery effluent irrigated areas of Kanpur were analyzed and significant buildup of heavy metals such as Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn, and As in the range of 252–972, 23–30, 2.3–14.1, 23.7–58.8, 138–338 and 6.8–11 mg kg^?1, respectively in soil was found. Few groundwater samples in the effluent irrigated areas also exhibited high Cr concentration above the permissible limit of United States Environmental Protection Agency. The tannery effluents contained 1.53–57.3 ppm Cr, 0–0.12 ppm Ni, 0–0.02 ppm Cd, 0–0.07 ppm Pb, 0–0.48 ppm Zn and 0–0.03 ppm As. The Geo-accumulation index (I_geo) revealed that soil samples were unpolluted to moderately polluted with Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and As; moderately polluted in case of Cd; and heavily to extremely polluted by Cr.     

刁江沿岸土壤重金属污染状况及土地的合理利用模式

目的了解刁江沿岸土壤重金属污染区分布,寻求安全的污染区土地利用模式。方法于2003年在刁江沿岸设置了12个采样断面,采样分析土壤中重金属含量,分析了污染区大米、玉米和桑叶中的重金属(As,Pb,Cd、Zn)含量。结果土壤中的主要污染物为As(19.6～7441mg/kg)、Pb(53.4～1823mg/kg)、Cd(0.35～39.2mg/kg)、Zn(110～4199mg/kg)等,污染区范围与洪水淹没区一致。污染耕地上产出的大米中Cd和Pb含量超过国家食品卫生标准,尤其是大米中Cd的含量超标4.9倍,Pb超标0.905倍;玉米中Pb、Cd和Zn的含量分别超标1.345倍,0.56倍和0.598倍。结论受上游矿山开发影响,刁江沿岸土壤重金属污染十分严重,建议将污染区耕地划定为食用农作物禁止种植区,在污染区开展种桑养蚕试验,将严重尾砂覆盖污染区作为尾砂库并进行植被恢复与重建。     

Pollution Characteristics,Sources, and Health Risk Assessments of Potentially Toxic Elements in Community Garden Soil of Lin’an,Zhejiang, China

The characteristics, sources and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in community garden soil of Lin’an District were evaluated. The 28 soil samples from community garden were collected for determination of 7 heavy metal elements. The Geostatistical analysis, Spearman correlation coefficient, Principal component analysis and PMF model have explored sources of heavy metal pollution. The health risk assessment model has assessed ecological risk of heavy metals. The results revealed that average concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were 16.0, 0.158, 76.1, 34.6, 45.8, 20.9 and 166 mg kg^-1, respectively. Whereas As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were higher than background values. The spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in the southwest of the study area was higher than northeast. The pollution sources of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the study area were due to agricultural activities (42.9%), Cr and Pb were from traffic sources (36.2%), and As was domestic pollution (20.9%) according to Spearman correlation coefficient, Principal component analysis and PMF model. The non-carcinogenic risks of As (5.39), Cr (3.53) and Ni (2.07) have a value of 1, which indicated significant risk. The potentially toxic elements have not exceeded maximum threshold of USEPA, with regard to carcinogenic risk, while As (3.37E?05) and Cr (5.74E?05) have exceeded the safety range. It is concluded that soils of community gardens are facing pollution problem due to potentially toxic elements which require environmental monitoring of the soil to reduce risk of human health.

     

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Roadside Surface Soil and Vegetation from the West Bank

Concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr) were investigated in roadside surface soil and the common perennial herb inula (Inula viscosa L., Compositae). Samples were collected at different distances (0–200 m) perpendicular to a main road that connects two main cities in the West Bank. Average concentrations of metals in soil samples were: Pb, 87.4; Cd, 0.27; Cu, 60.4; Zn, 82.2; Fe, 15,700; Mn, 224; Ni, 18.9; and Cr, 42.4 g · g^–1. In plant leaves, concentrations were: Pb, 7.25; Cd, 0.10; Cu, 10.6; Zn, 47.6; Fe, 730; Mn, 140; Ni, 4.87; and Cr, 7.03 g · g^–1. Roadside contamination was obvious by the significant negative correlations between concentrations of metals in soil and plant samples and distance from road edge. Only cadmium concentrations in soil and plant samples were not associated with roadside pollution. Roadside contamination in plants and soil did not extend much beyond a 20 m distance from road. I. viscosa reflected roadside contamination better than soil and their metal concentrations showed much less fluctuations than those in soil samples. Washing plant leaves decreased Pb and Fe concentrations significantly, indicating a significant aerial deposition of both. I. viscosa can be considered as a good biomonitor for roadside metal pollution.     

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents in Surface Soil in the Lhasa–Shigatse–Nam Co Area of the Tibetan Plateau,China

Eight important heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Hg) were investigated in surface soil samples collected from the Lhasa–Shigatse–Nam Co region, Tibetan Plateau, China. The mean contents of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Hg in the samples were 39.5, 57.4, 28.5, 48.2, 15.7, 79.2, 637 and 0.0175 mg/kg, respectively. All metals were divided into three clusters by cluster analysis. The results of geoaccumulation index indicated that no samples were polluted by Cr, Pb, Zn, and Mn, and samples were polluted with As, Cu, Ni, and Hg to different degrees. All surface soils had a low ecological risk with potential ecological risk index below 150, indicating a low ecological risk. As, Pb, and Hg were the primary contributors to potential ecological risk.