无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术20例临床观察

目的：探讨无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术的可行性、临床效果及其优越性。方法：将46例冠心病病人随机分为无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术组(观察组)20例，与传统的经球囊预扩张后冠状动脉内支架置入术组(对照组)26例进行对比分析。结果：两组病人手术操作成功率相似，均能获得满意的支架置入后冠状动脉造影结果；缓解心绞痛的效果两组无差异：随访期间两组均未发生死亡、急性心肌梗死等心脏急性事件；但观察组可缩短手术时间34．87％，减少X线曝光时间26．76％，减少造影剂用量35．80％，降低治疗费用27．62％。结论：无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的治疗方法，在某些方面优于传统的经球囊预扩张后冠状动脉内支架置入术。     

直接冠状动脉支架置入术结合肾功能保护在并发慢性肾功能不全的冠心病中的应用

目的 :评价直接冠状动脉支架置入术结合围术期肾功能保护在冠心病并发慢性肾功能不全患者中应用的安全性和疗效。方法 :将 14 4例冠心病并发慢性肾功能不全患者单盲随机分成直接支架置入术组 (Ⅰ组 ,72例 )和球囊预扩张后支架置入术组 (Ⅱ组 ,72例 ) ,两组患者围术期接受小剂量多巴胺加水化疗法进行肾功能保护 ,观察两组X线曝光时间、手术时间、造影剂用量、器材消耗和肾功能情况 ,肾功能恶化通过造影剂相关性肾病 (contrastmedium associationnephropathy,CAN)发生例数来评价。结果 :Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组手术成功率均为 10 0 %。Ⅰ组X线曝光时间、手术时间、球囊导管用量及造影剂用量均低于Ⅱ组 ,4项数据两组间差异均有统计学意义 (分别为P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1、P <0 .0 1及P <0 .0 5 ) ;Ⅰ组术后 4 8h内血肌酐值 [(2 30 .6 2± 2 9.16 ) μmol/L]低于Ⅱ组[(2 6 8.15± 34.32 ) μmol/L],P <0 .0 1;CAN者Ⅰ组 (11例 )明显低于Ⅱ组 (2 5例 ) ,P <0 .0 1。造影剂用量、年龄及术前肾功能不全的程度均与CAN的发生有关 (均P <0 .0 1)。结论 :直接支架置入术结合围术期肾功能保护应用于冠心病并发慢性肾功能不全是一项安全有效的方法 ,不仅X线曝光时间、手术时间、球囊导管用量较少 ,且通过减少造影剂用量而减少术后肾     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊经抽吸导管治疗后择期支架置入术的临床研究

目的 观察急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经血栓抽吸治疗冠脉恢复“再灌注”后终止手术并择期PCI治疗的近期临床疗效.方法 2009年1月至2012年1月急性STEMI行急诊冠脉介入治疗60例,分为导管抽吸组（28例）和强化介入组（32例）.导管抽吸组是单纯通过反复抽吸血栓而使梗死相关血管（IRA）血流已达TIMI3级,择期PCI术处理所有狭窄血管;强化介入组是导管抽吸血栓和直接行IRA的支架置入,择期处理非靶病变.比较两组两次手术过程及1个月后心功能等相关指标.结果 导管抽吸组二次手术前的血清BNP、hs-CRP明显降低（P＜0.05）;4例IRA免于支架置入术（P,＜0.01）;残余狭窄病变选择支架的直径小、长度短,高压球囊扩张及扩张压力小,心肌呈色3级水平高（P＜0.05,或P＜0.01）.两组效果无显著性差别.两次手术累计时间、X线曝光时间、对比剂用量及患者经济支出方面,导管抽吸组均明显低于强化介入组（P＜0.05）;1个月时复查心脏彩超,左室直径、EF值导管抽吸组明显优于强化介入组（P＜0.05）.结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI时,先导管抽吸血栓充分恢复冠脉血流,强化抗凝保护下择期PCI术,即刻及近期疗效可靠.     

机械与手动血栓抽吸在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用的随机对照研究

目的:比较机械与手动血栓抽吸在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)中应用的临床疗效。方法:124例STEMI患者在接受PPCI治疗支架置入前,随机分为机械血栓抽吸组(AngioJet组,66例)和手动血栓抽吸组(Export组,58例)。主要终点是术后30 min时ST段回落(STR)≥50%比例及术后3个月内主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率,其他替代终点包括血栓抽吸术后TIMI血流分级、校正TIMI帧数(cTFC)、TIMI心肌灌注染色分级(MBG)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)质量峰值时间、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)峰值等,比较组间基线资料以及主要终点、替代终点的差别。结果:术后30 min时STR≥50%比例在AngioJet组显著高于Export组(81.8%vs 65.6%,P=0.038),AngioJet组MACE事件发生率与Export组比较无统计学差异(7.6%vs12.1%,P=0.398)。AngioJet组术后TIMI血流3级比例显著高于Export组(86.4%vs 70.7%,P=0.032),cTFC、MBG、CK-MB质量峰值时间2组间无统计学差异。结论:对于急性心肌梗死血栓负荷重的完全闭塞病变的患者,直接支架置入术前采用AngioJet机械血栓清除相比手动抽吸导管清除血栓能取得更好的心肌灌注效果,但并不能改善术后3个月的临床结果。     

选择性血栓抽吸导管的应用有利于急诊PCI术急性心肌梗死患者的预后

目的评价血栓抽吸导管在急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗中的应用及效果。方法选择60例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术患者,根据血栓负荷情况分为两组,抽吸导管组:导丝通过病变后采用Diver CE抽吸导管前向法多次抽吸血栓;直接PCI组:导丝通过病变后单纯球囊预扩张后植入支架。比较两组术后即刻TIMI血流分级;术后60 min心电图ST段抬高回落情况;并比较两组术前、术后肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)定量、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、B型脑利钠肽(BNP)的峰值水平及时间,以及30天后MACE心血管事件的发生率。结果抽吸导管组有30例行导管抽吸后TIMI血流达到2～3级水平,33例患者支架植入后TIMI血流2～3级水平,只有2例出现慢血流现象;直接PCI组13例行球囊扩张后TIMI血流达到2～3级水平,19例患者支架植入后TIMI血流2～3级水平,有5例患者支架植入后出现慢血流或无复流现象(P<0.05);抽吸导管组术后60 min心电图ST段抬高明显回落(下降0.3～0.6 mV),单纯PCI组术后60 min心电图ST段抬高回落(下降0.1～0.4 mV);两组患者术后CK、CK-MB、cTnT、高峰提前时间无明显差别,但峰值水平有统计学差异(P<0.05)。术后30天总的MACE事件发生率两组无显著差别,但抽吸导管组心力衰竭发生率较单纯PCI组减少。结论在急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI治疗中选择性应用Diver CE抽吸导管进行血栓抽吸,安全可行,并可以减少急性心肌梗死患者无复流的发生率,降低心肌坏死标记物峰值,有可能改善患者预后。     

常规心电图对前壁下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的预测价值

目的:分析常规心电图对急性前壁下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的预测价值。方法:选择41例急性前壁合并下壁ST段抬高的心肌梗死者作为研究对象,按冠脉造影资料将梗死罪犯血管分为右冠病变(RCA)组24例和左前降支病变(LAD)组17例,分别测量常规心电图12导联ST段偏移程度及发生的导联数,以计算比较两组间的差异及对不同冠脉之间的预测价值。结果:(1)两组的基线临床资料无显著差异性;(2)RCA组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段抬高幅度总和高于LAD组[(2.46±1.24)vs(1.77±0.61)mm,P0.01],ST段抬高III/II1(66%vs 28%,P0.01)或V1/V31(75%vs 12%,P0.05)在RCA组高于LAD组;LAD组V3导联ST段抬高幅度总和高于RCA组[(1.60±0.36)vs(4.44±2.65)mm,P0.01)。结论:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V3导联ST段抬高幅度总和及V1/V3比值在诊断急性下壁前壁心肌梗死中对梗死罪犯血管有重要预测价值。     

常规和优化经皮冠状动脉介入方案治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死的临床对比研究

目的探讨常规和优化经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)方案治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死临床疗效及安全性差异。方法选取我院2015年3月—2017年3月收治的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死病人共100例,以随机数字表法分为对照组(50例)和观察组(50例),分别给予常规PCI方案、优化PCI方案治疗;比较两组病人就诊至球囊扩张(D2B)时间、进入导管室至完成球囊扩张所需时间(C2B)、介入治疗总用时、X线辐射时间、造影对比剂用量、介入相关并发症发生率及术后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果观察组病人D2B时间、C2B时间、介入治疗总用时、X线辐射时间及造影对比剂用量均显著优于对照组(P0.05);观察组病人桡动脉痉挛发生率显著低于对照组(2.0%与14.0%,P0.05);两组病人动脉夹层和血肿发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组病人术后MACE发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相较于常规PCI方案,优化PCI介入方案用于急性ST段抬高心肌梗死治疗,能够快速完成球囊扩张,减少手术用时和X线损伤,降低造影对比剂用量,有助于预防桡动脉痉挛发生,且未增加术后MACE风险。     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的临床评价

目的探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STAMI)的治疗价值。方法STAMI46例,在发病12h内行急诊冠状动脉造影及直接冠脉支架置入术(DS)或预扩张后支架置入术(PS),观察术中心律失常发生情况,术后TIMI分级、心电图,出院前左室射血分数(LVEF)和住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)等。结果DS组与PS组各项指标无差异,44例达TIMI3级,成功率达95.7%,ST段回落率67.4%,平均LVEF(49.4±9.46)%,术中心律失常发生率21.7%,无MACE发生。结论对于发病12h的STAMI患者,行急诊PCI,可开通梗塞相关动脉(IRA),改善心肌再灌注和近期预后。     

支架置入术后再次血栓抽吸术在急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用效果评价

目的评价支架置入术后再次血栓抽吸术在急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用效果。方法选取2013年11月—2015年11月凉山彝族自治州第二人民医院收治的急性心肌梗死患者158例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组79例。两组患者均行急诊PCI,确定梗死相关血管(IRA)后实施血栓抽吸术,然后实施球囊扩张术及支架置入术,研究组患者在支架置入术后再次实施血栓抽吸术。比较两组患者支架置入术后TIMI血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级及研究组患者支架置入术后和再次血栓抽吸术后TIMI血流分级、TMP分级,比较两组患者术后ST段回落指数,并统计两组患者住院期间及出院后随访15周不良心血管事件发生情况。结果支架置入术后两组患者TIMI血流分级和TMP分级比较,差异无统计学意义(u值分别为0.292、0.208,P0.05);研究组患者再次血栓抽吸术后TIMI血流分级和TMP分级优于支架置入术后(u值分别为3.177、3.906,P0.05);研究组患者再次血栓抽吸术后TIMI血流分级和TMP分级优于对照组支架置入术后(u值分别为7.915、3.751,P0.05)。研究组患者术后2 h、4 h、8 h ST段回落指数均高于对照组(P0.05)。住院期间,研究组患者不良心血管事件发生率为0,低于对照组的8.9%(P0.05);出院后随访15周,研究组患者不良心血管事件发生率为0,对照组为2.5%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论支架置入术后再次血栓抽吸术可有效促进急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后梗死血管再通,改善梗死区域心肌灌注,提高临床疗效,降低近期不良心血管事件发生风险。     

后球囊扩张血栓负荷程度对急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗效果的影响

目的:探讨再次球囊扩张对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊冠脉介入治疗（PCI）效果的影响。方法: 278例连续入选的STEMI患者在发病12 h内行PCI，根据支架后是否再次球囊扩张分为支架后扩张组（n=124）和支架后非扩张组(n=154)。每组再据血栓负荷程度分为低血栓负荷和高血栓负荷。结果: 后扩张组和非扩张组的支架后心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）血流分级及血清磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）峰值无统计学差异。与后扩张组+低血栓负荷相比，后扩张组+高血栓负荷支架后TIMI Ⅲ级血流的比率较低(64% vs. 90%，P<0.01)，CK-MB峰值［(286±166) U/L vs. (460±202) U/L,P<0.05］及主要不良事件发生率较高(12% vs. 2%,P＝0.01)。结论: 高血栓负荷的STEMI患者支架后球囊扩张与短期疗效和慢/无复流相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.