利用Explora FDG4模块进行^18F-氟乙酸盐自动化合成

目的建立半衰期较长的^18F-氟乙酸盐（FAC）的制备方法。方法基于Siemens公司的Explora FDG4合成模块,增加3个试剂位和2个电磁阀,改编运行程序,以“两锅法”结合Sep—Pak简易分离柱的使用,完成^18F-FAC的自动化合成。对荷W256肝癌大鼠行^18F-FACPET／CT显像。结果该法合成时间为65min,化学收率60％（时间校正）,产品放化纯〉98％。荷瘤大鼠PET显像示,30和120min肿瘤标准摄取值（SUV）分别为1．37和1．20,肿瘤／前肢肌肉放射性比值分别为2．32和2．55。结论用改进的Explora FDG4合成模块可以成功制备放化纯较高的^18F-FAC。^18F-FAC是一种有潜在应用价值的肝癌显像剂。     

11C-胆碱模块合成11C-乙酸盐的研究

目的 采用11C-胆碱模块合成11C-乙酸盐(AC),并研究其在荷瘤鼠体内分布和临床显像效果.方法 采用改造过的11C-胆碱模块合成11C-AC:11CO3与1.5 moL/L溴化甲基镁在loop环内反应,2 ml 1 mmol/L乙酸酸化,粗产品经纯化、洗脱、盐酸酸化,再通入氮气除去未反应的11CO2,以柠檬酸钠中和.荷肺腺癌小鼠于给药后不同时间处死,取血液、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉及肿瘤,测每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID/g).1例经病理检查证实的中分化肝癌患者分别行18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)和11C-AC显像.结果 11C-AC的放化产率为(60.5±8.7)%(衰减校正,n=10),放化纯>98%.从11CO2到11C-AC的合成时间为10 min.荷肺腺癌鼠的肿瘤/肌肉放射性摄取比值在30 min时为1.76.肝癌患者18F-FDG显像为阴性,而11C-AC为阳性.结论 采用11C-胆碱模块合成11C-AC经济、方便,稳定性高,合成放化产率高、放化纯高;能满足临床显像需要.     

利用Explora FDG4模块进行18F-氟乙酸盐自动化合成

目的 建立半衰期较长的18F-氟乙酸盐(FAC)的制备方法.方法 基于Siemens公司的Explora FDG4合成模块,增加3个试剂位和2个电磁阀,改编运行程序,以"两锅法"结合Sep-Pak简易分离柱的使用,完成18F-FAC的自动化合成.对荷W256肝癌大鼠行18F-FAC PET/CT显像.结果 该法合成时间为65 min,化学收率60%(时间校正),产品放化纯>98%.荷瘤大鼠PET显像示,30和120 min肿瘤标准摄取值(SUV)分别为1.37和1.20,肿瘤/前肢肌肉放射性比值分别为2.32和2.55.结论 用改进的Explora FDG4合成模块可以成功制备放化纯较高的18F-FAC.18F-FAC是一种有潜在应用价值的肝癌显像剂.     

利用Explora FDG4模块进行18F-氟乙酸盐自动化合成

目的 建立半衰期较长的18F-氟乙酸盐(FAC)的制备方法.方法 基于Siemens公司的Explora FDG4合成模块,增加3个试剂位和2个电磁阀,改编运行程序,以"两锅法"结合Sep-Pak简易分离柱的使用,完成18F-FAC的自动化合成.对荷W256肝癌大鼠行18F-FAC PET/CT显像.结果 该法合成时间为65 min,化学收率60%(时间校正),产品放化纯>98%.荷瘤大鼠PET显像示,30和120 min肿瘤标准摄取值(SUV)分别为1.37和1.20,肿瘤/前肢肌肉放射性比值分别为2.32和2.55.结论 用改进的Explora FDG4合成模块可以成功制备放化纯较高的18F-FAC.18F-FAC是一种有潜在应用价值的肝癌显像剂.     

利用Explora FDG4模块进行18F-氟乙酸盐自动化合成

目的 建立半衰期较长的18F-氟乙酸盐(FAC)的制备方法.方法 基于Siemens公司的Explora FDG4合成模块,增加3个试剂位和2个电磁阀,改编运行程序,以"两锅法"结合Sep-Pak简易分离柱的使用,完成18F-FAC的自动化合成.对荷W256肝癌大鼠行18F-FAC PET/CT显像.结果 该法合成时间为65 min,化学收率60%(时间校正),产品放化纯>98%.荷瘤大鼠PET显像示,30和120 min肿瘤标准摄取值(SUV)分别为1.37和1.20,肿瘤/前肢肌肉放射性比值分别为2.32和2.55.结论 用改进的Explora FDG4合成模块可以成功制备放化纯较高的18F-FAC.18F-FAC是一种有潜在应用价值的肝癌显像剂.     

利用Explora FDG4模块进行18F-氟乙酸盐自动化合成

目的 建立半衰期较长的18F-氟乙酸盐(FAC)的制备方法.方法 基于Siemens公司的Explora FDG4合成模块,增加3个试剂位和2个电磁阀,改编运行程序,以"两锅法"结合Sep-Pak简易分离柱的使用,完成18F-FAC的自动化合成.对荷W256肝癌大鼠行18F-FAC PET/CT显像.结果 该法合成时间为65 min,化学收率60%(时间校正),产品放化纯>98%.荷瘤大鼠PET显像示,30和120 min肿瘤标准摄取值(SUV)分别为1.37和1.20,肿瘤/前肢肌肉放射性比值分别为2.32和2.55.结论 用改进的Explora FDG4合成模块可以成功制备放化纯较高的18F-FAC.18F-FAC是一种有潜在应用价值的肝癌显像剂.     

11C-乙酸盐PET显像在肾脏肿瘤诊断中的作用

目的探讨^11C-乙酸盐PET显像在肾脏肿瘤诊断中的作用及其与^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）肾肿瘤显像的关系。方法29例疑肾肿瘤患者行^11C-乙酸盐PET早期及延迟显像，其中22例1周内行^18F—FDG PET显像。所有患者均有手术病理检查或CT、随访结果。患者静脉注射^11C-乙酸盐后即刻采集肾脏部位早期图像，以反映肾皮质血流灌注；10min后采集延迟图像，以反映^11C-乙酸盐在肾皮质内的代谢。观察^11C-乙酸盐在人体内的分布，并比较^11C-乙酸盐与^18F—FDG肾肿瘤显像的阳性率及其与病理类型、分级的关系。结果^11C-乙酸盐在人体内以胰腺摄取最高，并可能经胰液分泌人肠道。肾皮质对^11C-乙酸盐摄取随时间而变化，延迟相大部分原发肾皮质肿瘤（13例中分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ为12例）对^11C-乙酸盐摄取高于正常肾皮质，阳性率为76．9％（10／13例）；而^18F—FDG显像仅为30．8％（4／13例）。6例肾盂输尿管移行细胞癌^11C-乙酸盐显像阳性仅2例；其中5例行^18F—FDG显像，均阳性。1例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤^11C-乙酸盐早期及延迟显像均清晰显示，2例输尿管炎症对^11C-乙酸盐无摄取。结论^11C-乙酸盐PET显像对恶性程度较低的肾皮质肿瘤显像阳性率较高，可弥补^18F—FDG显像的不足。     

利用Explora FDG4模块进行18F-氟乙酸盐自动化合成

目的 建立半衰期较长的18F-氟乙酸盐(FAC)的制备方法.方法 基于Siemens公司的Explora FDG4合成模块,增加3个试剂位和2个电磁阀,改编运行程序,以"两锅法"结合Sep-Pak简易分离柱的使用,完成18F-FAC的自动化合成.对荷W256肝癌大鼠行18F-FAC PET/CT显像.结果 该法合成时间为65 min,化学收率60%(时间校正),产品放化纯>98%.荷瘤大鼠PET显像示,30和120 min肿瘤标准摄取值(SUV)分别为1.37和1.20,肿瘤/前肢肌肉放射性比值分别为2.32和2.55.结论 用改进的Explora FDG4合成模块可以成功制备放化纯较高的18F-FAC.18F-FAC是一种有潜在应用价值的肝癌显像剂.     

利用Explora FDG4模块进行18F-氟乙酸盐自动化合成

目的 建立半衰期较长的18F-氟乙酸盐(FAC)的制备方法.方法 基于Siemens公司的Explora FDG4合成模块,增加3个试剂位和2个电磁阀,改编运行程序,以"两锅法"结合Sep-Pak简易分离柱的使用,完成18F-FAC的自动化合成.对荷W256肝癌大鼠行18F-FAC PET/CT显像.结果 该法合成时间为65 min,化学收率60%(时间校正),产品放化纯>98%.荷瘤大鼠PET显像示,30和120 min肿瘤标准摄取值(SUV)分别为1.37和1.20,肿瘤/前肢肌肉放射性比值分别为2.32和2.55.结论 用改进的Explora FDG4合成模块可以成功制备放化纯较高的18F-FAC.18F-FAC是一种有潜在应用价值的肝癌显像剂.     

利用Explora FDG4模块进行18F-氟乙酸盐自动化合成

目的 建立半衰期较长的18F-氟乙酸盐(FAC)的制备方法.方法 基于Siemens公司的Explora FDG4合成模块,增加3个试剂位和2个电磁阀,改编运行程序,以"两锅法"结合Sep-Pak简易分离柱的使用,完成18F-FAC的自动化合成.对荷W256肝癌大鼠行18F-FAC PET/CT显像.结果 该法合成时间为65 min,化学收率60%(时间校正),产品放化纯>98%.荷瘤大鼠PET显像示,30和120 min肿瘤标准摄取值(SUV)分别为1.37和1.20,肿瘤/前肢肌肉放射性比值分别为2.32和2.55.结论 用改进的Explora FDG4合成模块可以成功制备放化纯较高的18F-FAC.18F-FAC是一种有潜在应用价值的肝癌显像剂.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.