188Re-DTPA-DG致MCF-7乳腺癌细胞凋亡实验研究

目的研究不同放射性浓度^188Re-DTPA-脱氧葡萄糖（DG）对人MCF-7乳腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法用流式细胞仪检测^188Re-DTPA-DG处理后MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的凋亡.将人MCF-7乳腺癌细胞分成3组：^188Re-DTPA-DG实验组、^188ReO-4对照组和生理盐水组.其中前2组分3个不同放射性浓度组：37、55.5、74kBq/ml.结果^188Re-DTPA-DG、^188ReO-4均能导致肿瘤细胞发生凋亡,实验组与^188ReO-4对照组及生理盐水组在不同放射性浓度下差异均有显著性（P＜0.01）,随着放射性浓度增加,凋亡程度增大;^188Re-DTPA-DG较^188ReO-4更易诱导凋亡发生.结论^188Re-DTPA-DG能导致肿瘤细胞凋亡,并且与放射性浓度相关;其机制可能是辐射导致DNA严重损伤,使细胞周期发生阻滞.     

低浓度乙醇诱导与紫外线照射对HepG2细胞周期及p53/p21蛋白表达的影响

目的观察低浓度乙醇诱导与紫外线照射导致HepG2肝癌细胞损伤的分子路径。方法选用HepG2肝癌细胞株，分别给予低浓度乙醇诱导与紫外线照射处理，观察两种损伤因素作用后细胞周期分布的差异，细胞中p53蛋白和p21蛋白表达的改变，分析蛋白表达与细胞周期改变的关系。结果紫外线照射后细胞中p53、p21蛋白表达均明显增强，出现G0～G1／G2～M期阻滞；低浓度乙醇诱导后主要出现G2～M期阻滞与p21蛋白表达的增强，p53蛋白表达改变不明显；两种损伤因素均能导致细胞凋亡率的增加。结论低浓度乙醇诱导与紫外线照射通过激活细胞内不同的分子事件，导致细胞周期与细胞凋亡的改变。     

电离辐射联合肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株作用的研究

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）对人乳腺癌MCF．7细胞株的作用以及与放射治疗联合的可行性。方法1×10^4／ml MCF-7细胞接种至96孔板培养后加入不同浓度的TRAIL、给予不同剂量照射及TRAIL与电离辐射联合，Mrrr法检测细胞抑制率。MCF-7细胞接种至6孔板培养后，分别加入TRAIL（1μg／ml）、给予8Gy照射及TRAIL与8Gy照射联合，流式细胞术检测不同处理组细胞的凋亡率。应用RT-PCR法检测经不同处理后的细胞凋亡相关基因的表达情况。结果TRAIL（1μg／ml）与4、8和12Gy照射联合后对细胞的抑制率明显增加，与单独应用TRAIL及单独照射相比，差异有统计学意义。RT-PCR结果显示Bcl-2、Bcl-Xl基因在TRAIL与8Gy照射联合时表达减弱。结论在体外实验中，乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株对TRAIL不敏感，但TRAIL与电离辐射照射联合后抗肿瘤作用增强，TRAIL可能是一种有临床应用潜能的新型抗肿瘤生物制剂。     

188Re-Herceptin-磁性纳米微粒的体外抗肿瘤作用

目的探讨^188Re—Herceptin-磁性纳米微粒在外置磁场下对HER-2／neu癌基因高表达的SKBR-3乳腺癌细胞的靶向结合性及抗癌作用。方法采用戊二醛交联法使人源性单克隆抗体Her—ceptin与磁性纳米微粒交联，用直接标记法制备^188Re—Herceptin及^188Re—Herceptin-磁性纳米微粒，用羰基铼标记法制备^188Re-磁性纳米微粒。肿瘤细胞体外抑制实验设4个组：^188Re—Herceptin-磁性纳米微粒组、^188Re—Herceptin组、^188Re-磁性纳米微粒组和^188ReO4^-组，各组均设3．7×10^4、18．5×10^4、37×10^4、55．5×10^4、74×10^4Bq／ml5个放射性剂量级别；另设生理盐水对照组。采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法测定各组的抑瘤效应，计算相对抑制率，采用半数抑制放射性浓度（IC50）对各组抑瘤作用进行比较和评价。结果^188Re—Herceptin-磁性纳米微粒和^188Re—Herceptin组对SKBR-3细胞均有较强杀伤作用，且呈剂量依赖性；而^188Re-磁性纳米微粒和^188Re04组的杀伤作用较弱0188Re—Herceptin-磁性纳米微粒组的IC50（53．1×10^4Bq／L）明显低于^188Re—Herceptin组（76．1×10^4Bq／L）；^188Re一磁性纳米微粒组和^188ReO4组的IC50分别为169×10^4和175×10^4Bq／L，明显高于前2组。结论^188Re—Herceptin-磁性纳米微粒和^188Re—Herceptin均可明显抑制体外培养的SKBR-3乳腺癌细胞增殖，且前者的抑制作用较后者强。     

全反式维甲酸对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞周期和增殖活性的影响及restin基因表达的初步研究

目的:检测全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)在乳腺癌MCF-7细胞周期、增殖、分化和凋亡过程中的作用,以及对。restin基因表达的影响,从而为研究其功能提供线索。方法:用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞周期的变化;MTT 法检测细胞增殖活性;RT-PCR检测restin基因表达。结果:在ATRA诱导下,细胞出现G1期阻滞和生长抑制,增殖活性下降,restin基因开始表达,并呈增长趋势。结论:在ATRA诱导MCF-7细胞分化、凋亡过程中,ATRA能使MCF-7细胞 G1期阻滞,并能抑制MCF-7细胞生长,促使其凋亡,restin基因参与细胞周期的调控,特别是细胞凋亡。     

131I-17-丙烯胺基-17-去甲氧基格尔德霉素对人乳腺癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的 探讨^131I-17-丙烯胺基-17-去甲氧基格尔德霉素（17-AAG）对人乳腺癌细胞生长的影响及其相关机制。方法 采用过氧化氢标记法制备^131I-17-AAG。细胞杀伤实验分为5组：二甲基亚砜（DMSO）对照（A）组，Na^131I370kBq（B）组，17-AAG2．5mg／L（C）组，^131I-17-AAG370kBq（D）组，^131I-17-AAG370kBq＋17-AAG2．5mg／L（E）组。用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法检测各种药物对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的生长抑制作用，流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡及细胞周期变化，RT—PCR检测药物处理前后MCF-7细胞中Akt2基因的mRNA表达情况。结果 ^131I-17-AAG的标记率为83％，放化纯为96．6％，比活度为1．48×10^5MBq／μmol。各组药物对细胞的杀伤呈时间效应，随着时间的延长，细胞的抑制率都呈明显上升趋势，尤以E组趋势明显。A～E组药物作用48h后，通过亚G1峰检测MCF-7细胞凋亡率分别为（1．54±0．13）％，（5．72±1．05）％，（12．97±1．44）％，（20．65±1．36）％，（35．39±4．15）％，各组细胞凋亡率差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。C组，D组及E组Akt2基因的mRNA表达均比A组降低，其中E组降低尤为明显。结论 ^131I-17AAG能够抑制MCF-7细胞的生长并促进其凋亡，且能有效抑制Akt2基因的mRNA表达，和17-AAG联合应用能够增强肿瘤细胞对放疗的敏感性。     

125I标记雄激素受体TFO抗前列腺癌细胞增殖的研究

目的探讨反基因放射治疗对雄激素受体（AR）表达和前列腺癌细胞增殖的影响。方法用Iodogen法对AR三螺旋形成寡核苷酸（TFO）进行直接^125I标记，经脂质体介导转染LNCaP前列腺癌细胞株，于转染后24和48h分别采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）方法测定癌细胞增殖活性，RT-PCR方法检测ARmRNA表达，免疫组织化学方法检测AR蛋白表达。结果^125I-TFO的标记率为63．7％，放化纯为95．6％，比活度为80．1kBq／μg。相同TFO浓度下，^125I-TFO组LNCaP细胞的AR表达水平显著低于TFO组（P〈0．01），^125I-TFO对LNCaP细胞增殖的抑制率显著高于TFO（P〈0．01）。结论反基因放射治疗对AR表达和前列腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用明显强于单纯的反基因治疗。     

188Re-β射线诱导肝癌细胞凋亡与细胞周期阻断

目的：探讨放射性素^188Re-β射线内照射对人肝癌细胞HCC的细胞周期阻断及诱导凋亡的作用,方法：通过MTT实验,形态学观察,琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞术对核素诱导的HCC细胞进行了检测和观察,结果：^188Re导致的HCC细胞死亡具有典型的细胞凋亡形态学和生化特征,流式细胞术定量显示各期细胞数发生改变,且凋亡率和剂量呈依赖性,结论：^188Re-β射线低剂量和高剂量对HCC细胞周期的影响不同,低剂量主要使C0／G1期阻滞,较高剂量则导致G1阻滞减轻,S期和G2／M期细胞数增多。     

32P与顺铂联合应用对肺癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察^32P照射对肺腺癌细胞株A549细胞凋亡的影响及其机理。方法用^32P溶液对A549细胞进行内照射，用顺铂进行化疗。通过四唑盐(MTT)比色法计数、流式细胞术、透射电镜及免疫组织化学检测等方法，观察A549细胞的细胞存活率、细胞凋亡率、细胞超微结构改变及相关基因表达。结果随^32P放射性浓度和顺铂剂量增加，A549细胞存活率明显下降，且两者间存在协同作用；联合应用低剂量顺铂(2．5μg/ml)和低放射性浓度(555kSq／ml)^32P时，A549细胞存活率明显下降。细胞凋亡率上升，细胞超微结构改变，且在诱导细胞凋亡过程中，P53、bax基因表达上调，bcl-2／bax比值下调。结论低放射性浓度^32P溶液与顺铂联合应用，既能有效促进A549细胞凋亡，又能明显降低两者剂量．减少毒副作用．     

153Sm-EDTMP-纳米羟基磷灰石的生物学性能

目的研究^153Sm-乙二胺四甲撑膦酸(EDTMP)-纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)的体内外生物学性能。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米HA并用电镜和X线衍射进行鉴定，采用独立变数法研究^153Sm-EDTMP-纳米HA的最佳标记条件并对产物进行体外稳定性分析，进行^153Sm-EDTMP-纳米HA新西兰兔显像，比较纳米HA、^153Sm-EDTMP和^153Sm-EDTMP-纳米HA对肝癌SMMC-7721和乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的体外抑制作用。结果①纳米HA为针状结晶，结晶度较好，径向10～30nm，轴向70～100nm，X线衍射证明产物为HA。②^153Sm-EDTMP-纳米HA的标记率均在95％以上。体外稳定性好，在生理盐水中放置48h后放化纯仍大于95％。③正常新西兰兔^153Sm-EDTMP-纳米HA显像对比度较好，骨骼系统显示清晰，肾脏显影，血清中放射性下降较快。④^153Sm-EDTMP-纳米HA对肝癌SMMC-7721和乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的半抑制率质量浓度分别为1．98mg／L和0．075mg／L，而纳米HA分别为3．31mg／L和0．52mg／L，^153Sm-EDTMP分别为4．32mg／L和0．67mg／L，^153Sm-EDTMP-纳米HA对肿瘤生长的抑制率明显高于纳米HA和^153Sm-EDTMP。结论^153Sm-EDTMP-纳米HA的骨组织摄取好，有明显的体外抑制肿瘤生长的作用。     

Fluorodeoxyglucose cell incorporation as an index of cell proliferation: evaluation of accuracy in cell culture

The use of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) is recognized as an accurate tool for the specific diagnosis and staging of cancer. It has also been proposed for the monitoring of anticancer therapy. FDG cell incorporation reflects glycolytic activity whereas inhibition of cell proliferation corresponds to an efficient cancer treatment. The relationship between FDG incorporation and cell proliferation has yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to correlate the effects of the toxic agents bleomycin and unlabelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) on cellular metabolism and proliferation. We determined the in vitro metabolic and cytotoxic effects of bleomycin and mIBG by measuring the incorporation of fluorine-18 FDG (%U_FDG) and hydrogen-3 thymidine (%U_THY) in cells of the human premonocytic line U937 in the presence of increasing concentrations of these agents. Proliferation rate of these cells was studied by means of limiting dilution analysis. %U_THY appeared more sensitive to bleomycin or mIBG-mediated cell injury than %U_FDG. After 1 h of exposure to 0.5 M bleomycin, %U_THY was significantly reduced to 62.0% ± 10.4% of control value whereas %U_FDG remained unchanged (91.6% ± 5.3%). Similar results were obtained after 1 h of exposure to increasing concentrations of mIBG (1 M to 1 mM). After 20 h of exposure to bleomycin, %U_THY and %U_FDG were significantly reduced as a function of concentration. After 20 h of exposure to mIBG, a transient increase in %U_FDG up to 149.3% ± 11.2% with 50 M mIBG was further followed by a reduction to 20.1% ± 6.7% with 0.5 mM (P < 0.001). The clonogenic efficiency was reduced as a function of bleomycin (ANOVA, n=255, P) or mIBG concentration (n=80, P) and nearly abolished with 0.1 M bleomycin or 0.1 mM mIBG. In conclusion, %U_THY appears to be a more sensitive index of cytotoxicity in vitro and more accurately relates to cell proliferation than %U_FDG. Correspondence to: D.O. Slosman, Nuclear Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland     

透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌的影像学表现

目的 探讨透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌(CCPRCC)的影像学表现.方法 分析15例CCPRCC患者CT及MRI影像特征,采用独立样本t检验比较肿瘤与肾皮质之间平扫CT值、ADC值差异.结果 15例均为单发,边界清晰,大小为(3.1±1.9) cm.13例为实性肿瘤,其中11例伴囊变,2例为囊性肿瘤.4例CT平扫呈等或稍低密...     

肾透明细胞癌与肾乳头状癌、嫌色细胞癌MRI表现的对照研究

目的 探讨MR动态增强扫描对肾癌亚型的鉴别诊断价值.方法 搜集77例经病理证实的肾癌患者资料,其中透明细胞癌(CCRCC)55例,乳头状癌(PRCC)14例,嫌色细胞癌(CRCC)8例,回顾性分析各亚型肿瘤患者MR平扫及动态增强扫描表现并与病理对照,根据肿瘤及肾皮质增强前后的皮质期、实质期及延迟期信号变化,分别进行百分比测量、肿瘤-肾皮质增强指数计算,并采用单因素方差分析和LSD法进行比较.结果 CRCC多数信号均匀(7/8);CCRCC及PRCC多数信号不均(分别为51/55和13/14)、常见坏死(36/55和7/14),PRCC最常见出血(9/14)及囊变(9/14).动态增强各期CCRCC强化程度最高,强化模式呈"快进快退",CRCC轻至中度强化,PRCC强化最轻,两者均呈渐进性延迟强化.CCRCC、PRCC及CRCC皮质期信号变化分别为(296.15±60.27)%、(79.70±18.84)%和(119.56±40.76)%,实质期分别为(236.33±58.31)%、(122.81±27.35)%和(163.06±33.91)%,延迟期分别为(216.83±46.72)%、(117.55±20.63)%和(179.72±32.89)%;三者皮质期的肿瘤-皮质增强指数分别为1.26±0.34、0.33±0.12及0.54±0.10,实质期分别为0.92±0.23、0.41±0.23及0.62±0.15,延迟期分别为0.76±0.14、0.35±0.11及0.69±0.12,各亚型增强各期的信号变化(F值分别为940.931、124.515、38.194,P值均＜0.01)、肿瘤-皮质增强指数(F值分别为798.625、78.308、73.699,P值均＜0.01)差异均有统计学意义.3种亚型的MRI表现与病理学所见基本相符.结论 CCRCC、PRCC及CRCC的MRI动态增强有一定特征性的表现,与其病理特点密切相关,在肾癌亚型的鉴别诊断上有着较高的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic features of subtypes of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI).Methods The MRI appearances of 77 RCCs, including 55 clear cell RCCs(CCRCC),14 papillary RCCs(PRCC) and 8 chromophobe RCCs(CRCC), were retrospectively analyzed and compared with findings of pathology. DCE-MRI was conducted in each case after intravenous administration of contrast agent. Region of interest measurements (cortical, nephrographic and delayed Phases) of signals within tumor and uninvolved renal cortex were used to calculate percentage signal intensity change and tumor-to-cortex enhancement index, and the data was analyzed by AVONA and t test. Results On unenhanced and enhanced MRI, most CRCCs showed homogeneous signal(7/8). CCRCC and PRCC often show inhomogenous signal with necrosis(36/55, 7/14). Hemorrhage and cystic degeneration were often found in PRCC (9/14). On the cortical, nephrographic and delayed phase images, CCRCCs showed greater signal intensity change[(296.15±60.27)%, (236.33±58.31)% and (216.83±46.72)%,respectively than PRCCs (79.70±18.84)%, (122.81±27.35)% and (117.55±20.63)%, respectively], and CRCCs showed intermediate change [(119.56±40.76)%, (163.06±33.91)% and (179.72±32.89)%, respectively].A phenomenon of quick staining and quick fainting was observed in CCRCCs. Both of CRCCs and PRCCs showed delayed enhancement. The tumor-to-cortex enhancement index at the cortical, nephrographic and delayed phases was highest for CCRCCs (1.26±0.34, 0.92±0.23 and 0.76±0.14, respectively), lowest for PRCCs (0.33±0.12, 0.41±0.23 and 0.35±0.11, respectively), and intermediate for CRCCs (0.54±0.10, 0.62±0.15 and 0.69±0.12, respectively,P＜0.01). The degree of enhancement was significantly different among the 3 subtypes at the every contrast enhanced phase (F=940.931, 124.515 and 38.194, P＜0.01), so was the tumor-to-cortex enhancement index(F=798.625,78.308 and 73.699, P＜0.01). There was a good consistency between MR appearances of the 3 RCC subtypes and pathological characteristics. Conclusion DCE-MRI could distinctly show imaging features of CCRCC, PRCC and CRCC, which were related to their pathological characteristics, and these features were helpful in predicting a specific subtype of RCC.     

一种改进的用于测定细胞周期的细胞制备方法

目的 :减少细胞的聚集数量 ,提高测试效率和结果的准确性。方法 :在用酒精固定细胞时分别加入终浓度为 0 % ,1.5 % ,3% ,6 %和 12 %的小牛血清 ,置 - 2 0℃分别固定细胞 1d ,3d和 7d。比较了不同浓度的血清和保存不同时间粘连细胞的数量及对细胞周期分析结果的影响。结果 :加入血清可明显减轻细胞的粘连 ,减少了细胞的聚集数量 ,尤以 3%小牛血清组最佳。样品可不必过滤 ,在上机测试时 ,进样针不堵塞 ,上样速度快 ,细胞周期分析更准确。随着保存时间的延长 ,聚集细胞的数量有增加的趋势。结论 :在制备用于测定细胞周期的样品时 ,固定细胞的过程中加入终浓度为 3%的小牛血清是一种简单的、能有效地保护细胞膜使细胞不易粘连的技术措施 ,且固定细胞的时间不宜超过 7d。     

电离辐射对不同肿瘤细胞细胞周期的影响

目的 研究电离辐射对不同肿瘤细胞细胞周期的影响为肿瘤放疗及化疗提供科学依据。方法 处于细胞周期各时相的细胞百分数采用流式细胞术进行检测。结果 研究表明：电离辐射作用后,ＨｅｌａＳ３和Ｓ１８０细胞发生了Ｓ和Ｇ２期阻滞,而ＤＬ－４细胞则发生Ｇ１和Ｇ２期阻滞,Ｂ１６各时相细胞数无列出较高的辐射抗性。结论 电离辐射作用后,不同肿瘤细胞的辐射抗性、即辐射敏感性有较大差异。其细胞周期的变化规律亦不相同。     

胶质瘤干细胞的生存微环境及其示踪研究进展

胶质瘤干细胞在胶质瘤的形成和生长中发挥至关重要的作用。胶质瘤干细胞的生存微环境是维持干细胞特性的关键,在体无创性示踪为研究胶质瘤干细胞的生存、繁殖、自我更新等特性以及促进胶质瘤发展的机制具有重要意义。     

Potency of different red light sources in photodynamic induction of cell death in a squamous cell carcinoma cell line

LED illumination systems were found to be more efficacious than broad spectrum lamps in recent phase III trials on photodynamic treatment of actinic keratosis. However, a detailed comparison of the light doses emitted at the appropriate spectral range and its correlation to photodynamic effects is thus far not available for the most frequently used devices. Here, we compared the spectral emissions of three different PDT lamps with their potency of inducing cell death in ALA-loaded A431 cells, including a new system equipped with more advanced LEDs matching the photosensitizer absorption peak more precisely and emitting more homogeneous light over time. Cells were exposed to two different ALA concentrations, incubated for 1 or 3 h and then illuminated by one of two different LED or a broad-spectrum system at four different light doses, whereupon viability was assessed. Maximal doses were selected in accordance to clinically applied light doses in recent phase III studies and the manufacturers’ recommendations. The data gathered here clearly demonstrate that the two LED systems were significantly more effective in inducing cell death than the broad spectrum system. Most efficient was the newer LED system, in agreement with emission parameters that more accurately corresponded to the photosensitizer’s absorption peak.     

敲低PES1基因抑制舌癌细胞的生长

目的：构建稳定表达PES1 shRNA的舌癌细胞系,研究敲低PES1基因对舌癌细胞生长的影响。方法在293 T细胞中包装并获得敲低PES1基因的病毒,然后将病毒感染Tca8113、SCC6和SCC153种舌癌细胞并筛选稳定克隆,Western印迹检测PES1蛋白的表达水平;利用生长曲线检测敲低PES1对舌癌细胞生长的影响,流式细胞术检测敲低PES1对舌癌细胞周期的影响。结果成功构建稳定表达PES1 shRNA的舌癌细胞系,敲低PES1基因能够抑制舌癌细胞的生长,使细胞周期阻滞在G0／G1期,敲低PES1抑制cyclin D1的表达。结论敲低PES1抑制舌癌细胞的生长,诱导细胞周期阻滞在G0／G1期,抑制cyclin D1的表达,因此PES1可能成为舌癌基因治疗的靶标。     

Synchronous ipsilateral renal cell and transitional cell carcinoma

The coexistence of multiple and synchronous primary neoplasms in the genitourinary system has only rarely been described in the literature. We present the case of a 78-year-old man with haematuria as the initial presentation, finally proven to be transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) combined with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Intravenous urography (IVU), CT and arterial angiography studies revealed a space-occupying nodule at the right upper renal pelvicalyces showing mild enhancement with contrast medium. Another strong contrast medium enhancing exophytic tumour was found at the lower pole of kidney; there were hypodense foci and calcified components in this lesion. A right nephroureterectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis was a papillary TCC and a clear cell type RCC. This is a rare case of combined renal malignancies diagnosed by imaging.