Patientenrechte und BürgerbeteiligungBestand und Perspektiven

Citizen participation and patient rights are the collective and individual expression of an active partnership between those involved in the medical and health care system. Citizen participation is the complement and continuation of existing individual patient rights through collective rights of citizens, the insured and patients to take part in communication and decision-making processes concerning information, quality, effectiveness and efficiency. In Germany and Europe individual patient participation is accepted as an objective and guaranteed by law (“Charter of Patient Rights”). The participation of citizens as a collective involvement in decision-making processes going beyond the individual case is neither as an objective nor in practice generally established. The article presents the situation of individual and collective rights in Germany and Europe, legitimates collective citizens' rights to participate in decision-making processes at the levels of the medical and the health care system and discusses different forms and examples of participation in national, regional and local institutions. Citizen participation is a “discovery procedure” and, from a legal point of view, not an outcome-determined but a procedure-oriented concept of organisation of the medical and health care system.     

Pers?nlichkeitsaspekte und subjektive Einstellungen bei Rauchern und Nichtrauchern, Abstinenten und Alkoholkonsumenten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Suizid und Suizidbeihilfe aus rechtlicher und ethischer Perspektive

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat im Jahr 2020 das Verbot der geschäftsmäßigen Beihilfe zur Selbsttötung...     

Bildung und Verfrachtung von Ozon und anderen Photooxidantien

Photochemical oxidants (O₃, PAN, HCHO) are the typical pollutants in photochemicalSmog. They can be formed as the result of the sunlight induced oxidation of precursor pollutants emitted into the atmosphere (NO_x, C_xH_y). Other important precursor substances and reactive intermediates are compounds of the organic hydroxyl group (-O-H, for instance the methoxy radical CH₃O), hydroxyl radical OH, hydroperoxy radical HO₂, and singlet oxygen O. For the production of photochemical oxidants in smog, especially ozone, NO_x primarily act as catalysator. But C_xH_y serve as “combustibles”. The quantities of the several formed photooxidants are mainly dependent on intensity and duration of daily sunshine, temperature, oxidant concentrations at the beginning of a build-up period, and on emission rates and concentrations of primary pollutants (NO, C_xH_y). Maximum mixing ratios of secundary pollutants often occur at certain distances downwind of primary pollutant sources, dependent on meteorological conditions (wind velocity, rel. humidity, etc.) and on rate constants for oxidant formation cycles. During the period of July 5 to 11, 1984, for instance, 6 kilometers SW from Zürich we found maximum ground-level mixing ratios of about 150 ppbv ozone, 4 ppbv PAN and 9 ppbv formaldehyde, that is 5 (ozone) to 10 (PAN) times above the supposed oxidant concentrations of unpolluted continental air. The increase in ozone in the late morning and early afternoon is accompanied by an increase in PAN and HCHO and by a decrease in NO_x. This shows that in this case HCHO originates from photochemical reactions rather than being emitted directly to the atmosphere from vehicles. At this episode aircraft observations of ozone at altitudes of 400 to 800 meters above ground and up to 100 kilometers far from Zürich show a continuous daily increase in the mixing ratio during the afternoon. From the beginning of the measuring period (July 5) with 50 ppbv it increased up to 80 ppbv (July 9). In the afternoon of the same 9th of July the maximum O₃ value of above 160 ppbv was reached 10 km downwind of Zürich.     

Wirtschaftsschwankungen (Arbeit und Arbeitslosigkeit) und Volksgesundheit

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Besonderheiten und Probleme der Psychopharmakologie im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Die medikamentöse Behandlung von psychischen Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter stellt eine besondere klinische und...     

Regionale und kommunale Gesundheitsberichterstattung Probleme und Möglichkeiten

Planning in the Health-System and the ana-lysis of problems and deficits urgently needs health-reports focused on special areas and regions. Unfortunately the data-basis to fulfil these tasks in Germany is insufficient, and usually there is neither extra money nor staff to run specific surveys to fill the gaps. Thus the local health offices often have substantial problems to produce valid health reports. We present some of these problems using the health-reporting for the City of Trier and the Trier-Saarburg-County in Rheinland-Pfalz as an example. Nevertheless, a lack of data should not be used as an excuse for doing nothing, because available data allows to analyze some of she local peculiarities. But one has to realise that obtaining and processing of data demands a lot of personal input. In Trier this was possible only because the University and the Health Office have established a very close co-operation.     

Grundlagen der Bekleidungsphysiologie und der menschlichen Arbeits- und Schutzkleidung

Ohne ZusammenfassungNach einem Vortrag, gehalten an der 1. Ärztetagaung über Bekleidungsphysiologie und Bekleidungshygiene. 14. Oktober 1960, in Hohenstein. Wurde bereits publiziert in « Deutscher Med. Informationsdients », Mitteilungsblatt Nr. 2, Januar 1961.