儿童自发性胆道穿孔的诊治

目的:探讨儿童自发性胆道穿孔的病因、临床特点、诊断及治疗.方法:回顾分析我院1998～2006年收治的8例儿童自发性胆道穿孔病例资料.结果:8例病例中5例术前得以确诊,手术方式采用T管引流及腹腔引流,效果满意.3例合并有胆总管囊肿的患儿行二期根治术后治愈.结论:儿童自发性胆道穿孔病因尚不明确,胰胆管合流异常可能是主要原因,腹腔穿刺对本病的诊断有重要价值,手术方式采用T管引流及腹腔引流,合并有胰胆管合流异常的患儿需行二期根治术,未发现胰胆管合流异常的穿孔病例应该长期随访.     

小儿胆管自发性穿孔29例诊治体会

目的:探讨小儿胆管自发性穿孔的病因,探讨诊治方法及预后。方法:对29例小儿胆管自发性穿孔患儿的临床资料进行回顾性总结。结果:手术治疗29例,二次胆管重建术16例,治愈28例,死亡1例。结论:小儿胆管自发性穿孔表现不典型,一旦确诊须手术,胆管内"T"管引流术是惟一治疗方法,病因与胰胆合流有关。期胆道重建术是避免胆道反复感染及影响预后的有效方法。     

婴幼儿胆道自发性穿孔的治疗(附10例报告)

婴幼儿胆道自发性穿孔被认为是胆胰系统先天发育异常,后因发生急性胆汁性腹膜炎所致。本病较少见。１９９０年以来,我院共收治婴幼儿胆道自发性穿孔１０例,均获得成功。现就有关病因、诊治及随访等进行探讨。一、临床资料１０例中男性３例,女性７例。年龄６个月”－５岁,其中２岁以下为多,占８０％。临床上以腹胀、腹痛、发热、呕吐等症状伴有腹膜炎体征为主要表现,其中１例术前发现巩膜黄染。６例经Ｂ超及腹腔穿刺证实,其余４例经剖腹探查明确诊断。本组１例因穿孔时间短、腹腔污染不严重,予以直接行根治手术及腹腔引流;８例术中…     

婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿自发性穿孔的护理体会

目的：探讨先天性胆总管囊肿自发性穿孔的护理经验。方法：回顾性分析11例婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿自发性穿孔患儿自发性穿孔的临床资料。结果：本组8例经术前腹腔穿刺确诊胆道自发性穿孔,其中5例经B超或CT诊断胆总管囊肿。3例行一期胆总管囊肿切除加胆道重建术（胆总管-空肠R—Y吻合术）;6例行胆道外引流加腹腔引流术,2例行胆囊置管引流加腹腔引流术,3～6个月后行胆总管囊肿切除加胆道重建术。11例患儿治疗后均恢复良好。结论：婴幼儿胆总管囊肿自发性穿孔容易误诊,掌握其临床特点、根据患儿具体情况选择合理的手术方式以及精心细致的护理是提高其治愈率的关键。     

小儿胆汁性腹膜炎27例诊断与治疗

目的　探讨小儿胆汁性腹膜炎的病因 ,提高小儿胆汁性腹膜炎的诊治水平。方法　对 2 7例小儿胆汁性腹膜炎的病因与诊治进行回顾分析。结果　 2 7例中 17例手术中发现穿孔灶 ,行胆总管引流和腹腔引流 ,合并胆道扩张症作二期根治术 ;未明确穿孔灶 10例 ,作腹腔引流 ,合并胆道扩张症作一期根治术。无手术死亡及严重并发症 ,疗效满意。其中婴幼儿 6例 (2 2 .2 % ) ,儿童 2 1例 (77.8% )。病因多与胆总管囊肿 (6 2 .9% )、胆道结石与蛔虫 (7.4% )、经皮肝穿刺胆道造影 (PTC)损伤 (3 .7% )等有关 ,部分原因不明 (2 2 .2 % )。结论　小儿胆汁性腹膜炎容易误诊 ,掌握其临床特点、提高诊断意识及选择合适的手术方法 ,是提高早期诊断率和减少并发症的关键。     

合并胰胆管合流异常胆道疾病的手术选择

目的：探讨胰胆管合流异常并发胆道疾患时的特殊处理原则。方法：回顾性分析自1980年6月-1999年11月间收治的41例胰胆管合流异常病例，就胰胆管合流异常的概念、分型及其与胆道疾患发病之间的关系，在病理和病因方面进行讨论。结果：经影像学检查证实胰胆管合流异常41例中，合并胆总管囊状扩张21例，胆总管柱状扩张8例，合并胆囊癌变4例，胆总管癌变1例。结论：胰胆管合流异常与胆道癌的发生有着密切的关系。诊断明确后，宜行胆总管及胆囊切除和胰胆分流术，以防胆道癌的发生。     

合并胰胆管合流异常时胆道疾病的手术选择

目的 :探讨胰胆管合流异常并发胆道疾患时的特殊处理原则。方法 :回顾性分析自 1980年 6月～ 1999年 11月间收治的 4 1例胰胆管合流异常病例 ,就胰胆管合流异常的概念、分型及其与胆道疾患发病之间的关系 ,在病理和病因方面进行讨论。结果 :经影像学检查证实胰胆管合流异常 4 1例中 ,合并胆总管囊状扩张 2 1例 ,胆总管柱状扩张 8例 ,合并胆囊癌变 4例 ,胆总管癌变 1例。结论 :胰胆管合流异常与胆道癌的发生有着密切的关系。诊断明确后 ,宜行胆总管及胆囊切除和胰胆分流术 ,以防胆道癌的发生     

1例新生儿胆道穿孔病例报道并文献复习

目的探讨小儿胆道穿孔疾病的临床特点,为其临床诊疗提供参考。方法分析我院1例新生儿胆道穿孔患儿临床资料,并结合文献复习,总结小儿胆道穿孔的诊疗方法。结果该患儿入院抗感染治疗无效后,行B超引导下穿刺置管引流术,确诊胆道穿孔,1月后大便变白,肝下包裹性积液增多,行胆囊切除,胆总管穿孔修补+T管引流术,效果满意。结论小儿无诱因发热,腹胀伴黄疸,彩超提示肝门下积液时,胆道穿孔可能性大;诊断性穿刺为胆汁液后应早期手术,具体术式需根据发病时间,具体病因及腹腔污染程度制定。     

乙状结肠自发性穿孔12例诊治分析

目的探讨乙状结肠自发性穿孔的病因、临床表现及处理原则。方法回顾性分析12例乙状结肠自发性穿孔患者的临床资料。结果本组12例中术前诊断乙状结肠穿孔2例;误诊为上消化道穿孔7例,胃肠肿瘤穿孔2例,绞窄性肠梗阻1例,误诊率为83.3%。术后出现肺部感染7例,经抗炎、化痰等治疗后好转;并发中毒性休克4例,经积极抗休克及抗炎治疗后好转;发生切口感染8例,经换药后愈合;并发多脏器功能障碍综合征3例,经积极抢救及对症处理后无效死亡。9例治愈出院。结论乙状结肠自发性穿孔缺乏特征性的临床表现,腹部立位平片及腹腔穿刺对诊断有帮助。提高对本病的认识、早期诊断及时合理的外科手术治疗是救治成功的关键。     

胆胰管合流异常的诊疗研究进展

胆胰管合流异常是一种先天性解剖异常,随着影像学等检查技术的快速发展,其检出率呈逐年上升趋势.现有研究已证实,胆胰管合流异常与胆胰外科多种疾病密切相关,并能诱发胆胰系统恶性肿瘤的发生,故有必要深入探究胆胰管合流异常的诊断方法及治疗方式等.文章就胆胰管合流异常的诊疗进展作一综述.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.