Penetrating keratoplasty surgery combined with vitrectomy after failing previous corneal surgery

PURPOSE: The preoperative and postoperative factors influencing visual outcome were analyzed in 15 eyes of 15 patients with graft opacity after keratoplasty associated with vitreoretinal disease who underwent combined surgery of fresh corneal retransplantation and vitrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data obtained consisted of diagnosis, preoperative visual acuity, corneal and vitreoretinal findings at the time of surgery, interval between the first visit and surgery, intraocular pressure before surgery, gonioscopic findings, results of bacterial culture of surgical specimens, surgical procedure for vitrectomy, corneal and vitreous findings after surgery, visual acuity 6 months after surgery, intraocular pressure after surgery, and additional surgical techniques. RESULTS: The cause of corneal opacity was graft rejection in all patients, who had been treated with high-dose administrations of steroids and cyclosporin. The preoperative diagnosis was proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in eight eyes and fungal endophthalmitis in seven eyes. Corneal transparency was achieved in 7 eyes (46.6%) 6 months after surgery. Vitreoretinal findings improved in 9 eyes (60%) and PVR recurred in 6 eyes (40%). Visual acuity improved in 7 eyes (46.6%), did not change in 2 eyes (13.3%), and deteriorated in 6 eyes (40%). The six eyes with decreased visual acuity developed phthisis bulbi. Preoperative intraocular pressure was 2.1 mmHg on average in the phthisis bulbi group, significantly lower than in the group with superior prognosis. Goniosynechia was noted before surgery and did not improve after surgery in all six eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome was poor in eyes with goniosynechia and ocular hypotony, and combined surgery is not indicated for either anatomic or visual preservation in such cases. Care should be taken not to overlook intraocular infection in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy against graft rejection. The early detection of retinal detachment is also important in eyes exhibiting hypotony after surgery.     

Combined pars-plana-vitrectomy and tectonic keratoplasty; indications for and results from 15 patients

BACKGROUND: Acute endophthalmitis requires a vitrectomy. Vitrectomy and autokeratoplasty has been reported, if the infection originates from a stromal keratitis in an aphakic eye. This retrospective non-randomized cohort study points out the requirements, indications and results of combined keratoplasty and vitrectomy in keratitis and endophthalmitis compared with noninfectious corneal and vitreoretinal problems. PATIENTS AND SURGERY: In 1995-1999, a vitrectomy and keratoplasty was performed on 15 patients (16 eyes), 10 of these with an endophthalmitis (median 71 years) and a follow-up of 2-60 months (median 19.3 months). 14 of 15 patients had had multiple prior surgery. Stromal keratitis as a sequela of keratoplasty was seen in 5 eyes (3x ruptured suture), 5x diffuse infiltration in compromised corneas (1x with a perforation, 2x with Fuchs' corneal dystrophy, 3x postoperative). In the patients without endophthalmitis 6 eyes were aphakic with corneal scars and no fundus visualization. Five eyes had a retinal detachment, one had an intraocular foreign body. An allogeneic keratoplasty was done in 14, and an allogeneic sclerokeratoplasty and an autologous sclerokeratoplasty in one eye each. RESULTS: Keratoplasty without keratoprosthesis allowed for fundus visualization, and a pars plana vitrectomy was done with a wide angle contact lens, 8x with C2F6-, 1x with silicone oil 5000 cs instillation, and gentamicin and 15 micrograms r-tPA added. In 5 vitrectomy specimens (50%) pathogenic bacteria were found. No recurrences of infection were seen. Conservation of the eyes and postoperative fundus visualization was possible in each case. The postoperative increase in visual acuity of 0.1 or better was significant in both patient groups. 2 eyes remained at preoperative levels, 14 ameliorated by > 1 lines. Complications were 1x directly postoperative graft decompensation, 1x rejection after 40 months, 6x persisting secondary glaucomas, 2x hypotony syndromes, 1x with phthisis and enucleation, 1x epiretinal gliosis. CONCLUSIONS: Curative surgery of acute keratitis and endophthalmitis by vitrectomy and keratoplasty may result in similarly successful outcomes as in noninfectious corneal scars and vitreoretinal pathology, if some requirements (e.g. adequate antibiotic treatment, graft material, skilled anterior and posterior segment surgeon) are fulfilled.     

玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床分析

目的 探讨眼内炎的病因构成及玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床效果。 方法 对我院1999年1月～2001年12月收治的眼内炎患者53例54只眼进行回顾性分析，男38例，女15例，年龄1～74岁，平均年龄32岁。对2例（2只眼）炎症较轻的患者仅采用药物治疗，5例（5只眼）视力无光感，炎症反应重的患者行眼球内容物剜除术，其余46例（47只眼）均采用常规三通道玻璃体切割术。随访2～32个月,平均10.5个月。 结果 眼球穿通伤导致的眼内炎共32只眼，占59.26%。内源性眼内炎8只眼，占14.81%。与白内障手术相关的眼内炎共7 只眼，占12.96%，青光眼手术晚期滤泡感染2只眼，占3.70%。玻璃体切割术后3只眼，占5 .56%。放射状角膜切开术（radial keratotomy,RK）后1只眼，占1.85%。原因不明1只眼，占1.85%。经治疗后患者视力明显提高（P=0.003）。3 d内行玻璃体切割术患者的视力恢复明显高于3 d后的患者（P=0.014），7 d内行玻璃体切割术患者的视力恢复明显优于7 d后的患者（P=0.021）。功能成功（视力≥0.02）37只眼,占68.52%；解剖成功（视力＜0.02，眼球结构完整）47只眼,占87.04%，脱盲（视力≥0.05）27只眼, 占50.00%。 结论 眼球穿通伤，尤其是伴有眼内异物存留者是导致眼内炎的最主要原因，尽早行玻璃体切割术是治疗眼内炎的理想方法。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：93-95）     

Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Expulsive Hemorrhage

Purpose: An evaluation of surgical outcome of vitrectomy in the treatment of expulsive hemorrhage associated with intraocular surgery.Methods: We reviewed 12 eyes from 12 patients with expulsive hemorrhage, occurring after or during cataract extraction (4 eyes), phacoemulsification (2 eyes), glaucoma filtering surgery (4 eyes), or vitrectomy (2 eyes). Mean follow-up period was 21 months.Results: The retina was reattached in 6 eyes (50%) after the initial surgery and ultimately in 9 eyes (75%). Three eyes, which failed to achieve retinal reattachment, resulted in phthisis bulbi. Final visual acuity was 0.1 or better in 4 eyes and 0.01 to 0.09 in 4 eyes. The incidence of expulsive hemorrhage was 0% for cataract surgery, 0.57% for trabeculectomy, and 0.09% for vitrectomy at Toho University Sakura Hospital.Conclusion: In the treatment of expulsive hemorrhage, vitrectomy is an effective surgical procedure to improve the visual function.     

眼内炎16例临床分析

目的:探讨眼内炎的病因以及玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床疗效。方法:对我院2010-01/2012-12收治的眼内炎患者共16例16眼进行回顾性分析,其中男13例,女3例,年龄42～82(平均60)岁。其中5例患者行眼球内容物剜除术,11例患者行玻璃体切割术。结果:因眼外伤所致眼内炎8例,内源性眼内炎2例,白内障术后2例,抗青光眼术后2例,感染性角膜炎1例,白内障过熟期晶状体过敏性眼内炎1例。经玻璃体切割术后8例视力有不同程度提高,脱盲(视力>0.05)6例(55%)。结论:眼外伤是眼内炎的最常见原因,玻璃体切割手术治疗能不同程度恢复患者视功能。     

Vitrectomy for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To identify risk factors of poor visual outcome with vitrectomy for early-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical records of 29 consecutive eyes with endophthalmitis developing within 6 weeks after cataract surgery and that underwent therapeutic vitrectomy between June 1996 and April 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-two of the eyes received intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime at the time of vitrectomy, and all patients received intravenous antibiotics. Eyes were divided into two groups; group A consisted of 22 eyes with a final visual acuity of 0.2 or greater, and group B consisted of 7 eyes with a final visual acuity of less than 0.2. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes (52%) in group A achieved a visual acuity of 0.5 or better and 8(28%) achieved a visual acuity of 1.0, while 4 eyes in group B developed phthisis bulbi. For eyes with a preoperative visual acuity of hand motions or worse, there was no correlation between final visual acuity and preoperative visual acuity. The overall culture-positive rate was 57%. In group A, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis was identified in 6 eyes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 3 eyes and enterococcus in 2 eyes. In group B, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (AHS) was identified in 4 eyes, aspergillus in 1 eye, and MRSA in 1 eye. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin with the exception of the aspergillus. AHS infection appeared to be associated with wound failure from the initial cataract surgery and a poor visual outcome. Among 3 of the eyes that developed phthisis bulbi, intravitreal injection of antibiotics was not performed. CONCLUSION: Early vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of vancomycin may improve visual outcomes, but infection with AHS may be associated with cataract surgery wound failure and poor visual outcomes.     

Vitrectomy for endophthalmitis after intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To report the results of vitrectomy and intraocular lens (IOL) removal for the treatment of endophthalmitis after IOL implantation. METHODS: We reviewed 14 eyes of 14 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy because of postoperative endophthalmitis. Culture results, surgical methods, and visual outcome are presented. RESULTS: The cultures grew Enterococcus faecalis (n = 3), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2), Propionibacterium acnes (n = 1), and gram-negative bacillus (n = 3). The eyes infected with E. faecalis had poor visual outcome. Eleven eyes treated by the combination of pars plana vitrectomy and IOL removal did not have a recurrence. The remaining 3 eyes on which only vitrectomy was performed had a recurrence, and the additional procedures consisting of vitrectomy and IOL removal could result in eradicating endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS: A higher rate of E. faecalis was detected and these eyes had severe inflammation and poor visual outcome. Combined vitrectomy and IOL removal may be a more certain method to prevent recurrence.     

Bacterial endophthalmitis. Ophthalmological results of a national multicenter prospective survey]

Under the aegis of the GEEP (Groupement d'Etudes Epidémiologiques et Prophylactiques) a prospective multicentre study concerning bacterial endophthalmitis was carried out over a period of one year long with the contribution of 64 metropolitan ophthalmologic hospital departments. During this survey 143 cases of post surgical endophthalmitis were recorded: 111 of them were secondary to elective surgery, 32 developed after a perforating eye injury. Twenty-four cases of endophthalmitis developed in the absence of surgery were therefore called "medical" endophthalmitis. The frequency of endophthalmitis after elective surgery was 0.32%, and 2.8% after penetrating eye injury. Intraocular samples were obtained in 61.5% of the cases of post surgical endophthalmitis. 53 bacteria were isolated from 50 cases of endophthalmitis. The bacterial nature of the endophthalmitis was proved in 35% of these cases of post surgical endophthalmitis. Bacteria isolated from these cases of post surgical endophthalmitis were gram positive in 86.7%, and gram negative in 13.3% of cases. 20 bacteria were isolated from pseudophakic eyes: 10 of them were Staphylococcus epidermidis. The visual prognosis of endophthalmitis depends on the strain: visual acuity was more than 1/10 in 68% of cases of Staphylococcus endophthalmitis infection, but in only in 7% of cases of Streptococcus endophthalmitis infection. Intraocular injections of antibiotics both in the anterior chamber and in the vitreous, and vitrectomy increased the quality of the visual result. Three months after post surgical endophthalmitis, 35% of those eyes who received systemic and periocular antibiotic therapy, combined with intraocular antibiotics, with or without vitrectomy, recovered a visual acuity of 4/10 or more, instead of only 18% in the group without any intraocular therapy.     

25 gauge vitrectomy under topical anesthesia: a pilot study

AIMS: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transconjunctival 25 gauge vitrectomy under topical anesthesia. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A pilot study of consecutive cases which underwent 25 gauge vitrectomy under topical anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven eyes of 7 patients underwent 25 gauge vitrectomy under topical anesthesia with a pledget soaked in anesthetic, for vitreous hemorrhage (2 eyes), retained cortex (1 eye) and postoperative endophthalmitis (4 eyes). Subjective pain and discomfort were graded from 0 (no pain or discomfort) to 4 (severe pain and discomfort). Patients underwent an immediate postoperative assessment, followed by day one and one week postoperative evaluation. RESULTS: All patients had grade 0 pain during the surgery. Five patients had grade 2 pain during the placement of the sclerotomies. None of the patients required any sedation during the procedure. No inadvertent eye movements were noted during surgery. Except one patient, none required postoperative analgesics. Five eyes had a favorable outcome. No eyes in this pilot study had any procedure-related complications. CONCLUSION: With appropriate case selection, topical anesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to infiltrative anesthesia for 25 gauge vitrectomy. A larger series of patients with a longer follow-up is required to validate the findings of this pilot study.     

白内障术后眼内炎的治疗分析

目的：探讨白内障术后眼内炎的治疗方案及效果。方法：对我院2006-01/2010-12白内障摘除术＋人工晶状体植入术的21973例28722眼患者的资料（超声乳化20937例27521眼,囊外摘除术1036例1201眼）进行回顾性分析。结果：在全部术眼中,感染性眼内炎11眼,感染率为0.04%,9眼发生于超声乳化术后,2眼发生于白内障囊外摘除术后。共有5眼病原菌培养阳性,其中表皮葡萄球菌2眼,金黄色葡萄球菌,浅绿色气球菌,真菌各1眼。感染发生于白内障术后2wk以内者占73%（8/11）,房水混浊或前房积脓者行前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素;前房积脓合并明显玻璃体混浊或经前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素治疗观察1～2d感染加重者行前房灌洗＋玻璃体切割术。治疗后11眼均保住眼球。结论：白内障术后眼内炎经常发生于白内障术后2wk以内,经及时有效的治疗可控制感染发展,保留部分有用视力;前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素必要时联合玻璃体切割术是有效的治疗方法。     

内源性眼内炎10年临床回顾性分析

目的分析内源性眼内炎的致病菌、全身易发因素及治疗结果。方法回顾40例（50眼）内源性眼内炎患者全身及眼部情况、玻璃体涂片或培养结果、治疗方法及视力预后。结果40例患者中，39例进行血或玻璃体液涂片、培养，阳性30例（77．5％），其中细菌12例（40％），真菌17（57％）例，1例为细菌和真菌的混合感染。29例（70％）存在全身易感因素，其中最常见为外科手术后。30眼接受玻璃体切割手术，24眼（80％）获得手动以上视力，其中9眼（30％）术后视力达0．1以上。结论内源性眼内炎的致病菌以真菌多见，大部分患者存在全身易感因素；玻璃体手术可挽救大部分患者的视力。     

Comparison of scleral buckling and vitrectomy for retinal detachment resulting from flap tears in superior quadrants

PURPOSE: To compare the surgical results of vitrectomy and scleral buckling for uncomplicated superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears. METHODS: Included in the study were 225 patients (225 phakic eyes) undergoing primary surgery by three surgeons between January 1990 and December 1996 for superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears (138 eyes by scleral buckling, 87 eyes by vitrectomy); all patients had been followed up for longer than 6 months after surgery. The choice of one of the two procedures was based on each surgeon's preference. The surgical outcome and the rate of complications were retrospectively compared between the two groups of eyes. RESULTS: Initial and final anatomical success rate were 92% and 100% after each procedure. Retinal redetachment after the initial procedure was due to new retinal breaks in 5 eyes, reopening of original breaks in 2 eyes of vitrectomy cases, and due to malpositioned buckle in 11 eyes of scleral buckling cases. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy occurred in 3 eyes of vitrectomy cases. CONCLUSION: Primary vitrectomy was as successful as scleral buckling for treating superior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Even though the high incidence of postoperative cataract formation was the major drawback, vitrectomy had some advantages over scleral buckling.     

Comparison of scleral buckling and vitrectomy for superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears

PURPOSE: We compared the surgical results of vitrectomy and scleral buckling for uncomplicated superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Included in the study were 225 phakic eyes of 225 patients undergoing primary surgery from January 1990 to December of 1996 for superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears; all eyes had been followed for longer than six months after surgery. The choice of procedures was based on each surgeon's preference. The cases were evaluated retrospectively and the surgical outcome and the rate of complications compared between the two groups of eyes. RESULTS: Initial and final anatomical success rate were 92% and 100% after each procedure. Redetachment after the first procedure was due to new retinal breaks in 5 eyes, reopening of original breaks in 2 eyes of vitrectomy cases, and malpositioned buckle in 11 eyes of scleral buckling cases. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy occurred in 3 eyes of vitrectomy cases. CONCLUSION: Primary vitrectomy was as successful as scleral buckling for superior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Although a high incidence of postoperative cataract formation was a major drawback, vitrectomy had some advantages over to scleral buckling.     

Vitrectomy for the treatment of expulsive hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical outcome of vitrectomy in the treatment of expulsive hemorrhage associated with intraocular surgery. METHODS: We reviewed 12 eyes from 12 patients with expulsive hemorrhage, occurring after or during cataract extraction (4 eyes), phacoemulsification (2 eyes), glaucoma filtering surgery (4 eyes), or vitrectomy (2 eyes). Mean follow-up period was 21 months. RESULTS: The retina was reattached in 6 eyes (50%) after the initial surgery and ultimately in 9 eyes (75%). Three eyes, which failed to achieve retinal reattachment, resulted in phthisis bulbi. Final visual acuity was 0.1 or belter in 4 eyes and 0.01 to 0.09 in 4 eyes. The incidence of expulsive hemorrhage was 0% for cataract surgery, 0.57% for trabeculectomy, and 0.09% for vitrectomy at Toho University Sakura Hospital. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of expulsive hemorrhage, vitrectomy is an effective surgical procedure to improve the visual function.     

重症感染性眼内炎的手术时机选择

目的 探讨玻璃体切割联合硅油填充手术治疗重症感染性眼内炎的疗效及手术时机.方法 62例急性重症感染性眼内炎患者62只眼纳入本研究.所有患者均经过最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、直接和(或)间接检眼镜及眼部B型超声检查后确诊,其中,外伤后44例44只眼,内眼手术后17例17只眼,内源性1例1只眼.分为确诊后立即手术组和药物治疗后再行手术组.后者均为患者拒绝立即手术治疗.立即手术组32例32只眼,药物治疗后再行手术组30例30只眼.两组患者治疗前均常规抽取玻璃体积脓送细菌培养加药物敏感试验及真菌培养加药物敏感试验.62份玻璃体送检标本中,培养结果阳性者19例,阳性率30.65%.手术均为玻璃体切割联合硅油填充.药物治疗者均全身应用广谱抗生素及糖皮质激素治疗.手术后随访6.0～26.0个月.通过分析两组患者手术前后视力、眼压变化、眼球保留情况,比较其治疗效果差异.结果 立即手术组所有患眼炎症均得到控制,保留眼球,手术后视力与手术前视力比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.372,P＜0.05);手术后眼压较手术前增高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.83,P＜0.05).药物治疗后再行手术组19只眼炎症得到控制,保留眼球,占63.33%,手术后视力与手术前视力比较.差异无统计学意义(x2=4.732,P=0.80);11只眼手术后眼球萎缩,摘除眼球,占36.67%.结论 玻璃体切割联合硅油填充手术是治疗重症感染性眼内炎的有效方法,确诊后立即行手术治疗是取得良好效果的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and surgical timing of vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade for severe infectious endophthalmitis. Methods Sixty-two patients (62 eyes)with endophthalmitis, diagnosed by the examinations of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure, slit-lamp microscopy, direct and (or) indirect ophthalmoscopy and ocular B-ultrasound. There are 44, 17 and 1 eyes with posttraumatic, postoperative and endogenous infectious endophthalmitis, respectively. The patients were randomly divided into the group A (32 eyes) and B (30eyes). The former was treated immediately by vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade after diagnosis, while the latter was treated by the same surgery after drug treatment depended on patients'choice. Vitreous purulence was taken in all patients before vitrectomy for bacterial, fungal culture and drug sensitivity test. 19/62 (30.65%) vitreous samples were positive for culture. The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 26 months. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure and eye retention situation before and after surgery were comparatively analyzed. Results In group A, endophthalmitis was controlled in all eyes after surgery;the visual acuity and intraocular pressure improved significantly after surgery (χ2=43.72, 6.83; P＜0.05). In group B, endophthalmitis was controlled in 19/30 eyes (63.33%) after surgery; evisceration was performed on 11 eyes (36.67%) because of the atrophy of the eyeball. There was no significant difference of visual acuity before and after surgery. Conclusions Vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade is an effective way to cure severe infected endophthalmitis. Performing the surgery immediately after the diagnosis is the key to achieve good effect.     

Experimental prophylaxis of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis after vitrectomy: the use of antibiotics in irrigating solution.

PURPOSE: To test the efficacy of clindamycin and gentamicin in irrigating solution during vitrectomy to prevent experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six groups. Vitrectomy using two different irrigating solutions was followed by intravitreal injection of S. aureus: Group 1, balanced salt solution (BSS) followed by 1,000 colony-forming units (CFU) S. aureus; Group 2, BSS fortified with clindamycin, 10 microg/mL, and gentamicin, 8 microg/mL (CGBSS), followed by intravitreal injection of 1,000 CFU S. aureus; Group 3, BSS followed by 2,000 CFU S. aureus; Group 4, CGBSS followed by 2,000 CFU S. aureus; Group 5, BSS followed by 4,000 CFU S. aureus; and Group 6, CGBSS followed by 4,000 CFU S. aureus. The eyes were examined clinically after surgery. Vitreous samples were cultured and histologic studies were performed. RESULTS: Severe endophthalmitis developed in all eyes in Groups 1, 3, and 5 (not given antibiotics). No endophthalmitis developed in Group 2. In Group 4, five of the six eyes were normal and one eye had endophthalmitis. In Group 6, one eye had clear vitreous and fundus, three eyes had moderate vitreous haze, and the other four eyes demonstrated severe endophthalmitis. Bacterial growth in Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 4/4, 0/4, 6/6, 1/6, 4/6, and 2/8 eyes, respectively. CONCLUSION: When 1,000 to 2,000 CFU S. aureus were injected after vitrectomy, clindamycin and gentamicin in the irrigating solution significantly diminished the intraocular inflammation and the rate of positive bacterial culture. Clindamycin and gentamicin in the irrigating solution were not significantly effective when 4,000 CFU bacteria was injected; however, the degree of inflammation was less severe than in the control group.     

25G微创玻璃体切割术治疗球内异物的临床观察

目的　探讨25G微创玻璃体切割术治疗眼后段球内异物的临床疗效。方法　回顾性分析眼后段球内异物并接受25G微创玻璃体切割术联合球内异物取出术的21例21眼患者临床资料,其中17例17眼为磁性异物,4例4眼为非磁性异物。20例（20眼）并发白内障,3例3眼伴眼内炎,12例12眼伴视网膜脱离。根据不同的病情分别联合了白内障摘出、视网膜复位、硅油填充等操作,术后随访6个月,对其并发症和手术效果进行分析。结果　所有患眼均于完善术前检查后尽快行25G微创玻璃体切割手术联合球内异物取出术,Ⅰ期球内异物取出率为100%,眼内炎3眼炎症均得到控制,术中摘出混浊的晶状体,20例20眼球内异物由角膜切口取出,1例由巩膜切口取出。共19眼术后矫正视力较术前视力有所提高,14眼进行了II期人工晶状体植入,2眼硅油存留。术后未见与微创手术相关的并发症。结论　25G微创玻璃体切割术在眼后段球内异物取出术中显示出良好的临床效果,手术创伤小,视功能恢复快,并发症少,但要注意其适应证的选择。     

Topical anesthesia in posterior vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of topical anesthesia as an alternative to peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia in posterior vitrectomy procedures. METHODS: Posterior vitrectomy using topical anesthesia (4% lidocaine drops) was performed prospectively in 134 eyes (134 patients) with various vitreoretinal diseases, including severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 69), vitreous hemorrhage (n = 12), rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (n = 11), epiretinal membranes (n = 10), macular holes (n = 7), dislocated crystalline lens or intraocular lens (n = 6), giant retinal tears (n = 5), intraocular foreign bodies (n = 3), trauma (n = 3), endophthalmitis (n = 3), subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (n = 3), and neovascular glaucoma (n = 2). In 26 (19.4%) eyes, posterior vitrectomy was combined with a scleral buckling procedure, and in 84 (62.6%) eyes, argon laser photocoagulation was performed. Preoperative and intraoperative sedation of varying degrees was necessary. Subjective pain and discomfort were graded from 1 (no pain or discomfort) to 4 (severe pain and discomfort). RESULTS: All patients had grade 1 pain and discomfort during most of the procedure. All patients had grade 2 (mild) pain and discomfort during pars plana sclerotomies, external bipolar cautery, and conjunctival closure. The average amount of 4% lidocaine drops needed during each procedure was 0.5 mL. No patient required additional retrobulbar, peribulbar, or sub-Tenon anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: This technique avoids the risk of globe perforation, retrobulbar hemorrhage, and prolonged postoperative akinesia of the eye. With appropriate case selection, topical anesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia in three-port pars plana vitrectomy procedures.     

玻璃体切除联合眼内注药治疗真菌性眼内炎

目的探讨玻璃体切除联合眼内注药治疗外源性真菌性眼内炎的远期疗效。方法对13例（13眼）外源性真菌性眼内炎采取玻璃体切除联合眼内注药治疗，随访1～2年，观察疗效。结果13眼中有6眼保存有用视力，眼前数指～手动者2眼，光感者1眼，眼球萎缩者2眼，2眼因术后疼痛行眼内容物摘出。结论真菌性眼内炎的预后不佳。早期行玻璃体切除联合眼内注药，可拯救部分视力，是目前治疗真菌性眼内炎有效方法。     

外伤性眼内炎玻璃体手术的预后因素分析

目的:探讨外伤性眼内炎玻璃体切除术治疗视力预后的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析62例62眼行玻璃体切除术治疗的外伤性眼内炎患者的临床资料,即对患眼的自然因素(性别、年龄、眼别、视力、眼压、眼内异物、致伤情况、外伤性白内障、血管炎性改变、视网膜脱离、病原学检查/培养结果)、围手术因素(术前玻璃体注药史、手术方式、术中眼内充填气体/硅油、术中及术后并发症)等因素与随访0.5a后视力及患眼预后情况进行多因素分析。结果:62眼预后:矫正视力>0.02者53眼(85%),其中13眼矫正视力>0.3者13眼(21%),眼球摘除者2眼(3%)。多元分析结果显示:患眼自然因素中视网膜血管炎性改变、视网膜脱离的发生对视力预后影响具有显著性意义;围手术因素中,眼内炎症加重,手术复杂程度增加,手术失败的危险性亦增加,术后并发症的发生亦对不良视力预后的相关性增加。结论:合并视网膜脱离、血管炎性改变,手术复杂程度及术后并发症发生等因素是与外伤性眼内炎患者视力远期预后密切相关的因素。对于诊断明确的外伤性眼内炎应尽早行玻璃体手术。