Bioactive compounds from the scale insect pathogenic fungus Conoideocrella tenuis BCC 18627

A new cyclohexadepsipeptide, conoideocrellide A (1), its linear derivatives, conoideocrellides B-D (2-4), three new hopane triterpenoids (5-7), two new bioxanthracenes (9 and 10), and a new isocoumarin glycoside (13) were isolated from the scale insect pathogenic fungus Conoideocrella tenuis BCC 18627. Biological activities of the new compounds were evaluated.     

Structures of new friedelane-type triterpenes and eudesmane-type sesquiterpene and aldose reductase inhibitors from Salacia chinensis

Three new friedelane-type triterpenes named salasones A (1), B (2), and C (3), a new norfriedelane-type triterpene, salaquinone A (4), and a new acylated eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, salasol A (5), were isolated from the 80% aqueous methanolic extract of the stems of Salacia chinensis collected in Thailand. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, six constituents, 3beta,22beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid, tingenone, tingenine B, regeol A, triptocalline A, and mangiferin, were found to show an inhibitory effect on rat lens aldose reductase.     

Oligosaccharide esters from the roots of Polygala arillata

Two new sucrose esters, arillatoses A (1) and B (2), and four new trisaccharide esters, arillatoses C-F (3-6), were isolated from the roots of Polygala arillata, together with four known sucrose esters, glomeratose E (7) and sibiricoses A(1) (8), A(5) (9), and A(6) (10). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.     

Oxidative burst inhibitory and cytotoxic indoloquinazoline and furoquinoline alkaloids from Oricia suaveolens

Two new β-indoloquinazoline alkaloids, orisuaveoline A (1) and orisuaveoline B (2), two new furoquinoline alkaloids, quinosuaveoline A (5) and quinosuaveoline B (6), and 12 known compounds were isolated from Oricia suaveolens. The structures of the new compounds were deduced by spectroscopic studies. The absolute configuration of nkolbisine (4) was also determined. Compounds 2, 3, 6-8, 10, and 14 were evaluated for oxidative burst inhibitory activity in a chemoluminescence assay and for cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma cells.     

Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum

Four new Daphniphyllum alkaloids, daphnilongeranins A-D (1-4), along with four known ones, daphniphylline, longistylumphylline A, deoxyisocalyciphylline B, and daphnicyclidin D, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum. Daphnilongeranin A (1) is the first seco-10,17-longistylumphylline A type Daphniphyllum alkaloid, and daphnilongeranin B (2) is a new C-22 nor-Daphniphyllum alkaloid based on a new C21 skeleton. Their structures and stereochemistry were determined using spectroscopic data and chemical methods.     

Saponins and flavonoids of Allium triquetrum

A phytochemical investigation of the flowers and bulbs of Allium triquetrum has been undertaken, leading to the isolation of five new furostanol saponins, triquetrosides A1/A2 (1a/1b), B (3), and C1/C2 (4a/4b), from the flowers, along with ascalonisides A1/A2 (6a/6b). The 22-O-methyl derivatives of triquetrosides A1/A2 (2a and 2b) and C1/C2 (5a and 5b) were also isolated, but they are considered extraction artifacts. Large amounts of seven kaempferol glycosides, of which one (7) has a new structure, were also isolated from both flowers and bulbs. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral and chemical methods.     

Sucrose esters and xanthone C-glycosides from the roots of Polygala sibirica.

Six new sucrose esters, sibiricoses A(1)-A(6) (1-6), two new xanthone C-glycosides, sibiricaxanthones A (7) and B (8), and a new acetophenone glycoside, sibiricaphenone (9), were isolated from the roots of Polygala sibirica together with six known glycosides. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The structure of the known xanthone glycoside, polygalaxanthone III (10), was revised.     

Cytotoxic flavaglines and bisamides from Aglaia edulis

Two new cyclopenta[b]benzofurans, aglaroxin A 1-O-acetate (2) and 3'-methoxyaglaroxin A 1-O-acetate (3), a new benzo[b]oxepine, 19,20-dehydroedulisone A (4), and five new cyclopenta[bc]benzopyrans, edulirin A (5), edulirin A 10-O-acetate (6), 19,20-dehydroedulirin A (7), isoedulirin A (8), and edulirin B (9), were isolated from the bark of Aglaia edulis, along with one known cyclopenta[b]benzofuran, aglaroxin A (1). Additionally, four new amides, aglamides A-D (10-13), as well as three known compounds, aglalactone, scopoletin, and 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, were isolated from the leaves and/or twigs of this species. The structures of the new compounds (2-13) were elucidated by interpretation of their spectroscopic data. All isolates obtained in this study were evaluated for cytotoxicity against both several human cancer cell lines (Lu1, LNCaP, and MCF-7) and a nontumorigenic (HUVEC) cell line. Among these isolates, the cyclopenta[b]benzofurans (1-3) exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxic activity (ED50 range 0.001 to 0.8 microg/mL). Aglaroxin A 1-O-acetate (2) was further evaluated in the in vivo P388 lymphocytic leukemia model, by intraperitoneal injection, but found to be inactive in this model.     

Six new diterpenoids from Suregada multiflora

Six new diterpenoids were isolated from a CH(2)Cl(2)-MeOH extract of the bark of Suregada multiflora. The structures were established on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR and other spectroscopic studies and chemical derivatizations. Two compounds, suregadolides C (1) and D (2), were identified as new diterpene lactones of two antipodal series, containing a cyclopropane ring bridging C-3 and C-4 of the basic abietane skeleton. Suremulide A (3) was found to be a new abietene diterpene lactone. Bannaringaolide A (4), a diterpene lactone, based on a novel carbon skeleton with a seven-membered ring, possibly formed by the rearrangement of the exocyclic C-17 in ring C of an ent-pimarane framework, has also been isolated. A kaurane triol, suremulol A (5), and a kaurane diol, suremulol B (6), were also identified as new metabolites.     

连翘干叶片和鲜叶片DNA提取方法和质量比较研究

目的探讨三种DNA提取方法对连翘干叶片和鲜叶片DNA质量的影响,比较干叶片和鲜叶片DNA提取质量。方法采用常规CTAB法、高盐低pH法和新改良CTAB法提取连翘干叶片和鲜叶片DNA,进行A260/A280测定、琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测和RAPD扩增分析。结果新改良CTAB法提取的连翘干叶片和鲜叶片DNA的A260/A280比值在1.8～2.0之间,电泳条带清晰无拖尾,选用随机引物（S7）对上述DNA样品进行RAPD扩增,可获得具有一定多态性扩增谱带。对连翘干叶片和鲜叶片DNA样品综合比较,结果显示由干叶片获得的DNA质量高于鲜叶片。结论新改良CTAB法是一种分离高质量完整DNA的简便、快速方法,该方法得到的干叶片DNA质量较鲜叶片更适合下一步分子生物学研究。     

CT2108A and B: New fatty acid synthase inhibitors as antifungal agents

A systematic screen for new natural products that displayed antifungal activity by inhibition of fungal fatty acid synthase (FAS) led to the discovery of two new fungal metabolites, designated CT2108A (1) and CT2108B (2). The metabolites were produced by Penicillium solitum (Westling) strain CT2108 and were classified as azaphilones. The structures of these new metabolites were determined using a variety of 1D and 2D NMR experiments, including COSY, HMQC, and HMBC. The chemical conversion of CT2108A to CT2108B was effected using WCl(6). The related metabolite, patulodin (3), was also isolated from the fermentation culture of this P. solitum isolate. Both new compounds inhibited fungal FAS, and neither was found to significantly inhibit human FAS activity.     

Lignan derivatives and a norditerpene from the seeds of Vitex negundo

A new phenyldihydronaphthalene-type lignan, vitedoin A (1), a new phenylnaphthalene-type lignan alkaloid, vitedoamine A (2), and a new trinorlabdane-type diterpene, vitedoin B (3), were isolated from the seeds of Vitex negundo along with five known lignan derivatives (4-8). Their chemical structures were determined mainly on the basis of NMR and MS data. Compounds 1, 2, and 4-7 showed stronger antioxidative activity than alpha-tocopherol using the ferric thiocyanate method. Compounds 1, 2, and 4-7 showed higher radical-scavenging effect on the stable free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, than L-cysteine.     

Unusual isomeric corniculatolides from mangrove, Aegiceras corniculatum

Four new isomeric macrolides of combretastatin D-2 congeners named isocorniculatolide A (1), 11-O-methylisocorniculatolide A (2), 11-O-methylcorniculatolide A (3), and 12-hydroxy-11-O-methylcorniculatolide A (4), and the known corniculatolide A (5), arjunolic acid, and maslinic acid were isolated from the CHCl(3) extract of the bark of Aegiceras corniculatum. The structures of the new compounds (1-4) were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analysis (1-5), chemical modifications, and single-crystal X-ray analysis (1).     

Anti-inflammatory benzenoids from Antrodia camphorata

Four new compounds, including three new benzenoids, antrocamphin A (1), antrocamphin B (2), and 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzoyl chloride (3), and a new 1,3-dioxolan-2-one derivative, antrodioxolanone (4), together with 13 known compounds have been isolated from the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata. The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectral analyses including extensive 2D-NMR data. Among the isolates, antrocamphin A (1), antcin A (10), and antcin B (11) exhibited potent inhibition against fMLP-induced superoxide production with IC50 values less than 10 microM.     

Sesquiterpene and xanthone derivatives from the sea fan-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii PSU-F154

Three new sesquiterpenes, named aspergillusenes A and B and (+)-(7S)-7-O-methylsydonic acid, and two new hydrogenated xanthone derivatives, named aspergillusones A and B, were isolated from the sea fan-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii PSU-F154 together with 10 known compounds. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity.     

Antibacterial xanthones from the leaves of Garcinia nigrolineata

Ten new 1,3,5-trioxygenated xanthones, nigrolineaxanthones J-S (1-10), one new quinone derivative, nigrolineaquinone A (11), and one new isoflavone-like compound, nigrolineaisoflavone A (12), were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia nigrolineata along with four known xanthones and friedelin. Among the xanthones, only nigrolineaxanthone N (5) showed significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.     

缬草中的两个新的萜类化合物

目的：对缬草（Valeriana officinalis L.）的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用多种色谱层析技术进行分离并采用现代波谱技术解析各化合物的结构。结果：得到缬草新萜醇（4β,10α,15-三羟基香木兰烷）（1）和缬草单酯A（kanokoside A的苷元）（2）2个新化合物,另有8个已知化合物分别为鳞盖红菇醇（3）、山山山（4）、松脂醇（5）、缬草烯山（6）、β-谷甾醇（7）、kanokosideA（8）、青刺尖木脂醇苷（9）和8-羟基松脂醇苷（10）。结论：化合物1～4均为首次从该植物中分离得到;其中缬草新萜醇、缬草单酯A为2个新的天然产物。     

Megastigmanes and their glucosides from the whole plant of Sedum sarmentosum

Two new megastigmanes, sarmentoic acid (1) and sarmentol A (2), and six new megastigmane glucosides, sedumosides A1 (3), A2 (4), A3 (5), B (6), C (7), and D (8), were isolated from the whole plant of Sedum sarmentosum together with eight known megastigmanes (9-16). The absolute stereostructures of 1-8 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, including the application of the modified Mosher's method.     

Benzopyran, biphenyl, and tetraoxygenated xanthone derivatives from the twigs of Garcinia nigrolineata

One new benzopyran, nigrolineabenzopyran A (1), two new biphenyls, nigrolineabiphenyls A and B (2, 3), and four new tetraoxygenated xanthones, nigrolineaxanthones T-W (4-7), were isolated from the crude methanol extract of the twigs of Garcinia nigrolineata along with 11 known xanthones. The xanthones isolated from the twigs as well as those from the stem bark were evaluated for antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nigrolineaxanthone F, latisxanthone D, and brasilixanthone showed significant activity, with an equal MIC value of 2 microg/mL.     

Triterpenoids from Schisandra lancifolia with anti-HIV-1 activity

A new trinorcycloartane triterpenoid, lancifodilactone H (1), and a new A ring-secocycloartane triterpenoid, lancifoic acid A (2), together with a known compound, nigranoic acid (3), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Compound 1 features a biosynthetically modified seven-membered lactone ring, which was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1-3 exhibited weak anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro.