Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV in patients with short bowel syndrome

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) levels in a population of short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients, who had achieved intestinal adaptation. METHODS: DDP IV reference values were determined in a healthy population (n=47). The SBS study group consisted of 30 patients (17 men, 13 women; 53.2+/-13.2 years). The criteria for inclusion were a remnant small bowel <200cm with or without colon resection. The time interval between resection and DPP IV measurement was >24 months except in 4 patients, in which it was 13-24 months (total mean: 64.7+/-47.3 months). Nutritional support was exclusively oral in 17 patients, oral plus cyclic TPN in 12 and TPN alone in one patient. RESULTS: The reference range for DPP IV was 10-23U/l (mean: 16.01+/-3.2). In the group of SBS patients, mean serum DPP IV was 14.02+/-3.6U/l and mean body mass index 22.07+/-4.1kg/m(2). Eleven patients (36.6%) had hyperphagia and mean DPP IV in this group was 15.2+/-4.9U/l. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of DPP IV levels in this limited series of SBS patients who had reached intestinal adaptation showed normal levels and did not provide additional clinical information. Further analysis in the earlier postoperative period will determine whether this enzyme has a role as an indicator of evolution in these patients.     

短肠综合征的营养康复治疗(附3例报告)

短肠综合征的治疗主要是营养支持和小肠移植 ,但两种疗法都有其限制和不足。本文报告对 3例短肠病人联合应用重组人生长激素、谷氨酰胺、纤维饮食行营养康复治疗 ,病人残存小肠的长度分别为 65cm、75cm、30 cm,治疗后病人残存肠管的吸收功能和营养状况均有明显改善。为短肠综合征病人提供了一个新的有希望的治疗选择     

短肠综合征病人血清氨基酸谱的测定

目的:用高效液相色谱法检测短肠综合征病人的血清氨基酸谱. 方法:共测定17例短肠综合征病人的血清氨基酸谱,并以15例正常人空腹血作为对照,将异硫氰酸苯酯(PITC)作为柱前衍生剂,用甲醇、乙腈和乙酸钠作为二元梯度洗脱,67 min完成分离. 结果:17例短肠综合征病人血清缬氨酸、丝氨酸、胱氨酸非常显著低于正常人(P<0.01),血清亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸显著低于正常人(P<0.05). 结论:用高效液相色谱法检测氨基酸稳定可靠,短肠综合征病人存在氨基酸特别是必需氨基酸的缺乏.     

Ideal weight better predicts resting energy expenditure than does actual weight in patients with short bowel syndrome

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to compare measured energy expenditure with predicted energy expenditure in patients with short bowel syndrome. METHODS: Thirteen patients with short bowel syndrome underwent anthropometric measurements and indirect calorimetry for the determination of resting energy expenditure. Energy expenditure was also estimated by use of the Harris-Benedict equation with current weight and ideal weights. RESULTS: The difference between measured energy expenditure and energy expenditure estimated by use of current weight was statistically significant, whereas the difference between measured energy expenditure and energy expenditure estimated by use of ideal weight was not significant. CONCLUSION: The energy expenditure of patients with short bowel syndrome can be estimated by use of the Harris-Benedict equation and patients' ideal weight.     

D-木糖吸收试验评价短肠综合征病人的吸收功能

目的:总结D-木糖吸收试验在评价短肠综合征病人残存小肠表面积和吸收功能中的作用.方法:比较22例短肠综合征病人和50例正常人之间5 h尿木糖排泄率、第1、2、3 h血清木糖水平及木糖吸收曲线下面积(AUC)的差异.检验短肠综合征病人木糖吸收水平与残存小肠长度、小肠表面积及蛋白质吸收功能之间的相关性.对6例行肠康复治疗的短肠病人,观察其康复治疗前后木糖及蛋白质吸收水平的变化及其相关性.结果:短肠综合征病人5 h尿木糖排泄率、第1、2、3 h血清木糖及AUC均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),5 h尿木糖排泄率与残存小肠长度(r=0.581)、残存小肠表面积(r=0.618)及蛋白质吸收率(r=0.640)之间存在显著相关性(P均＜0.05).6例病人肠康复治疗后木糖及蛋白质吸收水平均增加,两者之间存在相关性但未达显著程度(r=0.719,P=0.107).结论:木糖吸收试验是评价短肠综合征病人肠道吸收功能的简单、准确的方法.5 h尿木糖排泄水平是反映短肠病人的肠道吸收功能的较好指标之一.     

谷氨酰胺对短肠综合征大鼠残留小肠、结肠形态的影响

目的：观察谷氨酰胺（Gln)对短肠综合征大鼠残留小肠、结肠形态的影响。方法：23只雄性SD大鼠切除80%小肠,随机分为三组：饮食组（n=8)大鼠术后自由进食;全胃肠外营养（TPN）组（n=8)输TPN标准液;Gln组（n=7）输TPN Gln液;正常大鼠8只,作为正常对照组。术后第7天,称体重,取残留空肠、回肠、结肠进行组织学检查（包括光镜和电镜）。结果：饮食组和Gln组术前体重无明显差异,但术后体重有明显差异;饮食组空肠粘膜绒毛高度（VH）和粘膜厚度（MT）、回肠粘膜的VH均明显大于正常组;TPN组空肠粘膜VH、MT明显小于正常组;回肠粘膜隐窝浓度（CD）、MT亦明显小于正常组;Gln组空肠和回肠粘膜VH、CD和MT明显大于TPN组;饮食组结肠MT明显大于正常组,Gln组结肠MT明显大于TPN组。结论：80%小肠切除后,残留小肠发生代偿性改变,食物刺激是残留小肠代偿的重要因素;但这种代偿不完全,TPN可维持机体体重,但可引起残留小肠粘膜萎缩;Gln能阻止TPN引起残留小肠粘膜萎缩,促进残留小肠代偿;同时Gln还促结肠粘膜增生。     

谷氨酰胺对短肠综合征大鼠肝脏及结肠形态的作用

目的：观察谷氨酰胺对短肠综合征大鼠肝脏和结肠形态的影响。方法：23只雄性大鼠切除80％小肠,随机分3组：饮食组8只术后自由进食,全胃肠外营养（TPN）组8只输入TPN标准液,谷氨酰胺（Gln)组7只,输TPN＋Gln,正常大鼠8只,作为对照组。术后第7天,取门静脉血测定肝功能,肝脏和结肠进行组织学检查,结果：饮食组、正常组和Gln组血ALb明显高于TPN组,Gln组血TP明显高于TPN组,光镜下Gln组（2／7）和TPN组（3／8）肝脏标本呈脂肪变性改变,两无显差别,饮食组结肠粘膜厚度明显大于正常组,Gln组结肠粘膜厚度明显大于TPN组。结论：Gln促使结肠粘膜增生,有利于维持血TP和ALb水平,但未能减轻肝脂肪变性。     

肠康复治疗对短肠综合征病人残余小肠黏膜形态学的影响

目的:观察重组人生长激素(rhGH)、谷氨酰胺(Gln)和膳食纤维的肠内营养(EN)对短肠综合征病人小肠黏膜形态、肠黏膜细胞增殖和凋亡水平的改变,以评价对短肠综合征病人的治疗效果. 方法:10例短肠综合征病人联合应用rhGH 0.05 mg/(kg·d)、Gln 30 g/d和膳食纤维的EN进行3周的肠康复治疗.分别在...     

中链三酰甘油对短肠综合征大鼠脂肪代谢和肠道代偿的影响

目的:研究肠内营养(EN)中添加中链三酰甘油(MCT)对广泛肠切除术后大鼠脂肪代谢和肠道代偿的影响.方法:体质量220～250 g SD大鼠27只,随机分为三组.假手术对照组(Con组)行空肠横断吻合,长链三酰甘油(LCT)短肠组(LSB组)和中、长链甘油三酯(MCT/LCT)短肠组(MSB组)均行85%中段小肠切除.各组大鼠于术后第2～14天,分别给予等氮和等热量的EN支持,其中Con组和LSB组EN的脂肪均为LCT,MSB组EN的脂肪含50% LCT和50%MCT.术后每天监测体质量变化;术后第12～14天检测脂肪吸收率;术后第15天处死动物,取血检测血浆总游离脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸水平,称量空肠及回肠重量、空肠及回肠黏膜重量,检测空肠及回肠黏膜DNA及蛋白质含量;行小肠病理检查,测量空肠及回肠黏膜绒毛高度、隐窝深度和黏膜厚度,并检测空肠和回肠黏膜增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和细胞凋亡情况.结果:大鼠广泛肠切除术后出现明显的肠道代偿.MSB组的脂肪吸收率、血清总游离脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸水平显著高于LSB组;MSB组在体质量、肠黏膜重量、肠黏膜DNA及蛋白质含量、肠黏膜病理(绒毛高度、隐窝深度和黏膜厚度)、肠黏膜细胞增殖及凋亡与LSB组比均无显著性差异.结论:添加50% MCT的EN较单纯LCT的EN更能增加短肠综合征大鼠对脂肪的吸收,增加血清游离脂肪酸水平,而不影响肠道代偿.     

Serum vitamins in adult patients with short bowel syndrome receiving intermittent parenteral nutrition

Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs after massive intestinal resection, and parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy may be necessary even after a period of adaptation. The purpose of this study was to determine the vitamin status in adults with SBS receiving intermittent PN. Methods: The study was conducted on hospitalized adults with SBS who were receiving intermittent PN therapy (n = 8). Nine healthy volunteers, paired by age and sex, served as controls. Food ingestion, anthropometry, plasma folic acid, and vitamins B₁₂, C, A, D, E, and K were evaluated. Results: The levels of vitamins A, D, and B₁₂ in both groups were similar. SBS patients presented higher values of folic acid (21.3 ± 4.4 vs 14.4 ± 5.2, P = .01) and lower values of vitamin C (0.9 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.3 mg/dL, P = .03), α‐tocopherol (16.3 ± 3.4 vs 24.1 ± 2.7 µmol/L, P < .001), and phylloquinone (0.6 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.5 nmol/L, P < .03). Eight‐seven percent of patients had vitamin D deficiency, and all patients presented with serum vitamin E levels below reference values. Conclusions: Despite all efforts to offer all the nutrients mentioned above, SBS patients had lower serum levels of vitamins C, E, and K, similar to those observed in patients on home PN. These findings suggest that the administered vitamins were not sufficient for the intermittent PN scheme and that individual adjustments are needed depending on the patient's vitamin status.     

添加rhGH与Gln的肠外营养对短肠大鼠代谢效应的影响

目的研究添加人重组生长激素(rhGH)及谷氨酰胺(Gln)的肠外营养(PN)对短肠大鼠机体合成代谢的作用及作用机制. 方法将SD大鼠按2×2析因设计方案随机分成STD、Gln、rhGH及GG 4组,建立PN短肠大鼠动物模型.测定各组大鼠体重及氮平衡变化,测定PN后大鼠各组织器官重量及机体总体水、脂肪及蛋白含量变化,测定血GH及IGF-1浓度. 结果 rhGH组及GG组大鼠体重显著增加,氮平衡改善;腓肠肌重量增加;机体总体蛋白明显升高,体脂下降;血GH及IGF-1显著升高,P值均<0.05;单位长度小肠重量在Gln与rhGH组显著增加,GG组增加最为明显,P<0.05. 结论 rhGH具有显著的促机体合成代谢作用,Gln作用不明显,但二者对残余小肠代偿具有协同促进作用.IGF-1在rhGH的促合成代谢机制中起重要介导作用.     

胰岛素对短肠综合征大鼠蛋白质代谢及肠功能代偿的影响

目的:采用短肠综合征(SBS)大鼠的TEN模型,研究胰岛素(INS)对蛋白质代谢的影响及其残存肠管的代偿作用. 方法: 将30只大鼠随机分为三组,每组10只.假手术(Sham)组、短肠(SBS)组和短肠 胰岛素(SBS-INS)组.Sham组大鼠仅切断吻合小肠;SBS组切除85%小肠;SBS-INS组切除85%以上小肠并皮内注射速效胰岛素制剂.各组大鼠术后均行TEN支持.观察大鼠术后的一般情况、营养状况、氮平衡、残存肠黏膜DNA和蛋白质含量、肠绒毛高度、肠隐窝深度和隐窝细胞的增殖指数. 结果:SBS-INS组大鼠术后第12～14天体质量显著高于SBS组,术后第5～14天,氮平衡亦显著优于SBS组;SBS-INS组大鼠的营养指标、肠黏膜DNA和蛋白质含量、肠绒毛高度、肠隐窝深度和隐窝细胞的增殖指数,显著高于SBS组. 结论:胰岛素能促进EN支持的SBS大鼠蛋白质合成及残存肠管的代偿,从而增加肠道的吸收面积,改善营养状况.     

肠易激综合征回盲部肥大细胞的实验观察

目的观察肠易激综合征(IBS)患者肠黏膜回盲部肥大细胞的分布及变化,探讨其在IBS中的可能作用。方法符合入选标准IBS患者30例,按临床症状分为腹泻型、便秘型。与15例正常人经结肠镜钳取回盲部结肠黏膜,检测肥大细胞及脱颗粒肥大细胞的数目,进行比较。结果IBS患者回盲部肥大细胞的数目增多,与正常对照组比较,有高度统计学意义,腹泻型与便秘型之间差异无统计学意义;腹泻型、便秘型患者回盲部脱颗粒肥大细胞数明显多于正常组,差异有统计学意义;便秘型与腹泻型之间比较P<0.01,有高度统计学意义。结论肠易激综合征患者回盲部肥大细胞增多,提示与IBS临床症状有相关性;腹泻型肠易激综合征回盲部脱颗粒肥大细胞增多,提示肥大细胞活化是产生IBS腹泻的原因。     

短肽型肠内营养制剂在妇科腹腔镜术前肠道准备中的应用

目的:探讨短肽型肠内营养(EN)制剂在妇科腹腔镜病人术前肠道准备的可行性和效果。方法:采用随机数字表法将纳入的100例病人随机分为2组,试验组(n=50)术前3天口服短肽型EN制剂作术前肠道准备;对照组(n=50)给予一般流质饮食和行机械肠道准备。比较两组术中医师对肠道准备的满意度,术后首次肛门排气时间,住院时间及营养相关指标。结果:试验组医师对肠道准备满意度显著高于对照组(90%vs 64%)(P0.01);试验组病人术后首次排气时间和住院时间较对照组明显缩短(P0.05);试验组病人白蛋白和血红蛋白水平较对照组显著升高(P0.01)。结论:短肽型EN制剂用于妇科腹腔镜术前肠道准备安全有效,有利于术后肠功能的恢复和病人营养状况的改善且缩短了术后住院时间,值得临床推广。