Good medical education is impossible without computers

Computers are medical instruments, for which reason they must be included in the medical curriculum. As educational tools, electronic teaching environments, multimedia applications and computers stimulate self-study. Moreover, computers make the medical literature readily accessible and facilitate the administration of the training programme. They are thus an indispensable part of medical education, and of academic and student administration.     

医院学科科研绩效的多角度评估体系构建与应用

目的探索建立一种以医院学科为评估对象的多角度科研绩效评估体系。方法通过文献调研和问卷调查法．确立多角度评估体系的指标体系与权重系数：应用所建立的评估体系进行学科评估,并对评估结果进行相关性分析。结果建立了基于科研基金、科研产出和产出投入比3个方面的学科科研绩效评估体系,并应用于10个学科的科研绩效评估。结论所建立的医院学科科研绩效的多角度评估体系能够从多方面反映学科的科研情况．为制定医院学科发展规划提供依据和参考。     

Terminal sedation in mentally competent patients: no overriding medical-ethical arguments against in the medical literature

OBJECTIVE: To collect medical-ethical arguments for and against the practice of terminal sedation in mentally-competent patients. DESIGN: Literature search. METHOD: Medical-ethical arguments for and against the practice of terminal sedation were sought in electronic databases, for example Pubmed, Medline, and the Netherlands Institute for Scientific Information Services. The arguments found can help in making a well-considered and careful decision. RESULTS: Terminal sedation can be defined as deliberately inducing and maintaining deep sleep in terminally-ill patients with recalcitrant symptoms, by using high doses of sedatives but without the intention of hastening death. Arguments in favour of this approach included: good care provision, useful medical procedure, autonomy of the patient, the doctrine of the double effect and an alternative for euthanasia and assisted suicide. Arguments against included: impossible to communicate due to sedation, responsibility for unintended consequences, shortening the length of life, religious and cultural objections, incompetence, abuse by the care-provider or the patient and the interest of the physician. CONCLUSION: In the literature no overriding moral objections to the use of terminal sedation were found. This palliative option may be regarded as a useful addition to the existing range of interventions. Although it can never be excluded, abuse is not a decisive factor. There seems to be a need for a guideline with meticulous criteria and procedures that promotes the responsible use of this intervention.     

地方医学院校大学生科研立项情况

本文结合沈阳医学院5年来大学生科研项目的立项情况,对在校大学生科研素质培养方面的现状进行分析,并提出改进对策,为同类院校大学生科研工作提供参考。     

Vulnerability of scientific research in university medical centers

In 1995, the Health Research Council of the Netherlands (RGO) published a report on the efficiency and efficacy of medical research in the Netherlands. One of its conclusions concerned the formation of multidisciplinary research institutes around various themes. The medical faculties and university hospitals responded by forming integrated university medical centres, which placed a considerable emphasis on patient care during their first few years of existence. However, the deans of the respective medical faculties realised that these organisational changes might form a threat to fundamental research, due to a lack of financial resources. They produced a common statement to protect and support fundamental research. This was discussed at a meeting of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in December 2000. Several speakers addressed the question as to whether (fundamental) research in these university medical centres should be regulated in a 'top-down' manner whereby directions and priorities are formulated by a centre's management, or whether the (clinical) researchers should formulate the direction of the research ('bottom-up'). Managers wanted a 'top-down' approach and researchers a 'bottom-up' approach.     

医学科研管理工作的主要特点探讨

根据南方医科大学多年来的医学科研管理工作经验，提出医学科研管理工作主要有管理对象的特殊性、管理方法手段的科学性、管理目标的时效性、管理内容的复杂性、管理绩效的多元性五个主要特点，并逐一进行了分析阐述。     

Mixing of medical and scientific responsibilities is undesirable

Should the medical responsibility to provide good care and the societal responsibility to allocate scarce resources remain separated or be brought together? Bonneux takes the latter position. Guidelines would offer an appropriate tool for this: the consensus groups developing them can at the same time take into account medical knowledge and a just distribution of resources. There are arguments against this view: consensus groups do not have the status and legitimation to take allocative decisions. Such decisions should be made at the political level, the more so since they affect individual entitlements to care under health insurance legislation. If cost effectiveness plays a dominant role in their development, guidelines can no longer be regarded as a true reflection of the professional standard of care. Finally, doctors cannot and should not be exempted from legal liability on the sole ground that they act in accordance with a guideline.     

对医学工程学科如何开展科研的探讨

本文着重探讨了在医学工程工作中如何开展科研，介绍了课题的类别和选题原则，推荐了常见的选题和论证方法，就存在的问题和拟采取的措施进行了讨论。     

医学科研课题中网络问卷调查的应用

随着互联网成为大众化的信息传播媒体,网络调查正成为调查的一种主流形式,其优越性也愈加明显[1],但是在医学科研课题中,目前常用的调查形式,无论自填式或问询式,多以传统的纸质问卷为主,本文对网络问卷调查的优势、缺点以及实施过程中的注意事项进行讨论,为医学科研课题开展网络问卷调查提供参考依据。     

基于审稿人视角的调查研究与科技期刊论文送审策略

【目的】 调研期刊同行评议现状,深入了解审稿人对审稿行为的认知和态度,以探讨提高审稿时效和质量的对策。【方法】 基于传统同行评议模式,以审稿人为研究对象,针对同行评议的重要性、审稿投入、接受或拒绝审稿原因、激励措施以及审稿专家遴选5个方面进行问卷调查,对获得的信息进行归纳与分析。【结果】 审稿人认为稿件的创新性和科学性最重要,且审稿意见能显著提升论文的结果和讨论部分的质量;审稿人的实际审稿时长通常在3天以内,审稿人认可14天的审稿时限,并认可具有高级职称或被编委推荐的学者成为审稿人。【结论】 期刊编辑部可以通过加强与审稿人的沟通来缩短审稿时间、提高审稿效率;通过适时遴选青年审稿人,补充、活跃审稿人队伍;通过积极建立多元化审稿工作回馈机制,建立稳定的高质高效的审稿人队伍。     

医学科研管理者的信息素质教育

信息化的发展对医学科学研究的影响极大。医学科学技术和信息技术的迅猛发展需要医学科研管理者提高信息素质。医学科研管理者应具备的信息素质有：工具、资源、社会结构、研究、出版和传播信息素质等。医学科研管理的信息素质教育的方法包括：信息意识的培养、信息道德素质的养成、信息能力培养、信息基本技能培训等。医学科研管理具有与一般行政管理的不同点在于是技术管理，具有很强的专业性、时效性。应该加强对医学科研管理者的信息素质教育。     

科技成果转化是科研工作的生命线

本文对当前高校科研工作的核心问题进行了思考和再认识,从四个方面阐述了科技成果转化的重要性,指出科技成果转化是关系高校科研工作能否稳健、快速发展的重要问题,是高校科研工作的生命线.     

中国医学学科区域科研竞争力分析

目的 分析中国医学学科区域科研竞争力现状。方法 根据2017年国家自然科学基金的资助状况,利用极差率和泰尔指数贡献率探讨资助的离散度及差异来源,从区域对国家自然科学基金的集聚角度来衡量医学学科科研竞争力。结果 华东和华南地区的医学学科科研竞争力较强,西北地区的医学学科科研竞争力较弱。医学基金的分布差异主要源于区域内部(88.88%),其中华东和华北地区是差异贡献率最大的2个区域。分省看,上海和北京对医学基金的集聚能力远高于其它省份。结论 我国区域间医学学科科研竞争力差异较大,且差异主要源于内部各省的竞争;不同区域内医学学科的优势程度不一,且各区域均存在医学科研中心。     

临床医学工程科如何开展科研工作

简要介绍了临床医学工程学科的发展史，强调了临床医学工程科开展科研工作的优势，列举了临床医学工程科科研项目的选题方向，并在科研活动中做好选题和过程管理，同时引入激励机制，促进我国的临床医学和临床医学工程的发展。     

温州地区医药卫生科研课题的情报学分析

对温州地区2003-2005年间完成的查新课题进行统计，旨在分析该地区医药卫生科研开展及查新情况，并对有关问题进行简要讨论，为完善、加强该地区的科研管理及建设提供参考依据。