白内障超声乳化术联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效

目的:观察白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术联合小梁切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure gloucoma,PACG)合并白内障的临床疗效和安全性。方法:对49例59眼PACG合并白内障患者进行回顾性调查研究,其中急性闭角型青光眼(急性ACG)35眼,慢性闭角型青光眼(慢性ACG)24眼。患者均行白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术联合小梁切除术。观察患者术前及术后视力、眼压、中央前房深度、晶状体厚度、眼轴、术后用药情况及并发症。随访6～12mo。结果:(1)急性ACG组术前(n=35眼)平均眼压23.9±6.6mmHg,术后12mo时(n=28眼)平均眼压11.7±2.6mmHg(P<0.01)。慢性ACG组(n=24眼)术前平均眼压20.9±6.5mmHg,术后12mo时(n=19眼)平均眼压14.5士1.4mmHg(P<0.01)。急性ACG组术后眼压降低幅度为11.3±5.9mmHg,慢性ACG组为7.4±7.1mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)PACG59眼术后末次复查时44眼(74.6%)视力较术前提高。(3)急性ACG组术前、术后中央前房深度分别为1.79±0.15,3.32±0.17mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。慢性ACG组术前、术后中央前房深度分别为1.84±0.19,3.37±0.20mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(4)两组晶状体厚度/眼轴长度系数分别为2.26±0.16,2.14±0.13,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(5)急性ACG组、慢性ACG组手术完全成功率分别为94.3%,87.5%,条件成功率分别为5.7%,8.3%。(6)全部患者术后有15眼(25.4%)发生轻或中度角膜内皮水肿,15眼(25.4%)发生前房纤维素渗出。结论:白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术联合小梁切除术是治疗PACG合并白内障的有效而安全的方法。急性ACG的疗效优于慢性ACG。     

Efficacy and safety of transconjunctival scleral flap resuturing for hypotony after glaucoma filtering surgery

Background  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transconjunctival scleral flap resuturing for the management of hypotony-associated excess filtration after glaucoma filtering surgery. Methods  Fifty-six eyes of 55 patients with hypotony maculopathy and/or choroidal detachment caused by excess filtration after glaucoma filtering surgery underwent transconjunctival scleral flap resuturing directly through the conjunctiva, using a 10-0 nylon suture with a round tapered needle. Intraocular pressure (IOP) after suture, best-corrected visual acuity, rate of resolution of hypotony maculopathy and choroidal detachment, rate of complication, and rate of supplemental surgical treatment were assessed. Results  IOP (mean ± SD) was 2.9 ± 1.4 mmHg before suture, and elevated significantly to 7.3 ± 4.5 mmHg at 1 week after suture, 7.2 ± 3.5 mmHg at 1 month, 8.4 ± 4.1 mmHg at 1 year, and 8.1 ± 3.5 mmHg at the last follow-up (mean of 23 months). The best-corrected visual acuity was improved. Hypotony maculopathy was resolved in 92% and choroidal detachment in 100% of the patients. None of the patients required supplemental surgical treatment, because transconjunctival scleral flap resuturing failed to increase IOP. Suture removal was performed in 14 eyes that showed high IOP after suture. Of these eyes, six required needle revision and one required surgical bleb revision. In two eyes, aqueous humor leak after suture was controlled by wearing contact lenses. No bleb-associated infection was observed. Conclusion  Even though additional treatments such as repeated suture, suture removal, and needle revison were necessary in some cases, transconjunctival scleral flap resuturing is a simple and minimally invasive procedure that improves hypotony after glaucoma filtering surgery, with no serious complication. There was no commercial sponsorship or support for this study.     

Efficacy and safety of intravenous injection of lidocaine in the treatment of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma: a pilot study

Aims To study the safety and effectiveness of a combination of both intravenous injection of lidocaine and intraocular pressure-lowering medications, in the intraocular pressure control and relief of symptoms of refractory acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods Five consecutive patients with their first attack of acute PACG, with intraocular pressure ≥45 mmHg and a failure to release from the attack under antiglaucomatous medications for 4 hours, were recruited into the study. On presentation, each patient received topical pilocarpine and timolol, and systemic acetazolamide and mannitol as primary treatment. Then the patients accepted 2% lidocaine by intravenous injection at dose of 0.8 mg/kg in concert with antiglaucomatous medications. The intraocular pressures after intravenous injection at 30 minutes, and then at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours, were documented by applanation tonometry. Symptoms, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal edema, angle status on gonioscopy, pupillary size, and reaction were also measured. Results Six eyes of five patients seen with acute PACG were recruited. The mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 50.83 ± 5.34 mmHg to 39.5 ± 3.45 mmHg at 30 minutes after intravenous injection, and then to 33.3 ± 3.56 mmHg at 1 hour, and 24.55 ± 5.09 mmHg at 2 hours after intravenous injection. The mean intraocular pressure was less than 21 mmHg at 4 hours and beyond. There was instant symptomatic relief for all patients. No complications were encountered. Conclusions From this preliminary study, intravenous injection of lidocaine seems to be safe and effective in controlling intraocular pressure and eliminating symptoms in acute PACG. But the exact efficacy and safety need further investigation in large case studies.     

白内障小切口囊外摘除联合小梁切除治疗PACG合并白内障

目的：观察白内障小切口囊外摘除联合小梁切除术治疗原发性急性、慢性闭角型青光眼的疗效。

方法：急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障23例24眼,慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障11例12眼,进行白内障小切口囊外摘除联合小梁切除术,均一期植入人工晶状体。

结果：术后随访1mo,急性闭角型青光眼组术前平均眼压30.68±7.60mmHg,术后17.83±5.95mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 慢性闭角型青光眼组术前平均眼压29.27±5.55mmHg,术后18.12±1.88mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前、术后两组间平均眼压差异无统计学意义。术后眼压控制良好者(6～21mmHg)者26眼(72%),局部使用抗青光眼药物后眼压控制良好者8眼(22%),总体有效控制率94%,眼压不能控制者(22～30mmHg)2眼(6%); 术后视力提高者32眼(89%),没有发生严重并发症。

结论：白内障小切口囊外摘除联合小梁切除术对于原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)合并白内障的治疗可以有效控制眼压、提高视力,并发症少; 其在控制眼压方面对于原发性急/慢性闭角型青光眼无差异。     

Cataract surgery in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma

We investigated the results of cataract surgery in acute angle-closure glaucoma patients whose intraocular pressure (IOP) was not controlled with conventional treatment. We compared postoperative IOP and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with preoperative data in 10 eyes of 10 patients who had undergone cataract surgery for acute angle-closure glaucoma. Initial and preoperative mean IOP were 50.0 +/- 6.4 mmHg and 34.9 +/- 9.3 mmHg, respectively. Mean follow-up was 6.3 +/- 5.9 months. Postoperative mean IOP was 12.0 +/- 4.2 mmHg. All eyes were controlled at less than 21 mmHg and seven of them (70%) were controlled at less than 21 mmHg without medication. Postoperative BCVA was improved in 9 eyes. The complications were transient IOP elevation in 2 eyes and exudative membrane in 4. Cataract surgery may be effective to control IOP and improve visual acuity in patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma. However, follow up is necessary because of a high incidence of postoperative complications.     

激光周边虹膜成形及切除术治疗药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼

目的：探讨激光周边虹膜成形联合周边虹膜切除术,治疗药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼的效果和安全性。方法：选取药物治疗24h后眼压仍高于21mmHg的原发性急性闭角型青光眼15例17眼和白内障膨胀期继发的急性闭角型青光眼4例4眼,共19例21眼,采用激光周边虹膜成形联合周边虹膜切除术,术后24h观察视力、眼压、角膜、周边前房深度、房角及并发症。结果：所有患者激光术后24h眼压均有大幅度的下降,术前眼压53.09±11.01mmHg,术后24h眼压下降至14.98±4.21mmHg,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01 ）。术后视力由术前手动～0.3提高至0.1～1.0。所有患者角膜水肿减轻或消退,周边前房深度增加,房角不同程度开放。其中虹膜出血11眼（52.4%）,轻度反应性虹膜炎21眼（100%）,无1眼发生角膜灼伤。结论：激光周边虹膜切除联合周边虹膜成形术,是降低药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼眼压的一种安全有效的方法。     

青光眼顽固性高眼压的分期手术治疗

目的：分析青光眼顽固性高眼压状态下,先行睫状体光凝术降低部分眼压,Ⅱ期行进一步抗青光眼手术治疗的临床疗效观察。方法：回顾性分析北京华德眼科医院2013－01／2014－07收治的青光眼顽固性高眼压患者临床资料,共30例30眼,其中女12例,男18例,平均年龄56岁。这30眼中,急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期2眼,晶状体过熟期4眼,晶状体膨胀期6眼,新生血管性青光眼5眼,抗青光眼术后眼压仍不能控制正常9眼,玻璃体切除术后继发性青光眼4眼。所有患者入院后均首选睫状体光凝术,如果眼压未控制,则根据患者病情再行Ⅱ期抗青光眼手术。结果：在我们随访过程中,30例30眼均获得了满意效果,术前平均眼压62．79±5．59mmHg,一次睫状体光凝术后,眼压均有不同程度的下降,术后1wk,眼压降至32．84±8．16mmHg,其中6例完全控制正常,其余24例Ⅱ期再行进一步抗青光眼手术,术后眼压正常,术中无一例并发症出现。结论：青光眼顽固性高眼压状态下,先行睫状体光凝术控制眼压,可以大大减少二次手术时并发症的出现,后根据患者原发病的个体差异,Ⅱ期行进一步抗青光眼手术是一种安全有效的分期联合手术方式。     

Long-term results after transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in refractory posttraumatic glaucoma and glaucoma in aphakia

Purpose To evaluate the long-term effect and safety of transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TDLC) in eyes with advanced glaucoma in aphakia and posttraumatic glaucoma. Patients and methods Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients with glaucoma in aphakia and 25 eyes of 25 patients with posttraumatic glaucoma were treated with TDLC between 1996 and 2004. If the intraocular pressure (IOP) remained above 21 mmHg despite medication for more than 4 weeks after TDLC, the procedure was repeated. The IOP, number of medications, visual acuity, complications and need of further surgical intervention were all recorded during the follow-up period. Results Follow-up ranged from 12 to 93 months (mean 42.0 ± 29.2) in glaucoma in aphakia and from 12 to 73 months (mean 33.3 ± 17.4) in posttraumatic glaucoma. TDLC was successful in 48% of aphakic eyes with glaucoma and 40% of eyes with posttraumatic glaucoma. More than one TDLC was performed in 85% of cases of glaucoma in aphakia and 76% of cases of posttraumatic glaucoma). In both groups, TDLC was more effective in older patients than younger patients. Further glaucoma surgeries other than TDLC were performed in 43% of glaucoma in aphakic cases, and 44% of posttraumatic glaucoma cases, within the follow-up period. Loss of any light perception was recorded in two aphakic eyes with glaucoma (9.5%) and three eyes with posttraumatic glaucoma (12%). No hypotonia and no phthisis occurred. Conclusions TDLC is moderately effective in advanced posttraumatic glaucoma and glaucoma in aphakia, more effective in older than younger patients, not influenced by prior other glaucoma surgery, and despite a high re-treatment rate very safe in both groups of glaucoma. For younger patients with severe secondary glaucoma in particular, new treatment strategies are needed. The authors have no proprietary interest in any of the products used in the study. Presented at the 6th International Glaucoma Symposium, Athens, Greece, March 28–31, 2007.     

Pneumatic trabeculoplasty vs latanoprost as adjunctive therapy to timolol in primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

Purpose  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pneumatic trabeculoplasty (PNT) compared with latanoprost 0.005%, in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) not controlled by timolol 0.5%. Procedures  In a randomized clinical study, 18 patients affected with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OH) with intraocular pressure (IOP) >20 mmHg after timolol 0.5% in one eye were treated with PNT; 18 control eyes received adjunctive therapy with latanoprost 0.005%. Visual acuity, IOP, visual field, biomicroscopy findings and fundus appearance were evaluated at each month. Patients with IOP >20 mmHg were excluded from the study. The study was continued until in one group no patients were left. Results  At 1 month, IOP had decreased significantly in both groups. In PNT-treated eyes the mean IOP decrease was 4.5 ± 1.8 mmHg (19.1 ± 7.8%) and in latanoprost-treated eyes was 6.6 ± 1.3 mmHg (28.2 ± 5.7%) (between two groups, P < 0.001). Eleven PNT-treated eyes (61%) and 17 latanoprost-treated eyes (94%) had an IOP reduction of more than 20% of baseline value (P = 0.049); two PNT-treated patients received additional therapy. At the following months, in the latanoprost group, IOP was stable: an IOP reduction of 20% or more was seen in 89% of the eyes. In some PNT-treated eyes IOP increased: at 2 months, an IOP reduction≥20% was seen in 50%, at 3 months in 33%, and at 4 months in 17% of the eyes. (between the two groups, respectively, P = 0.03, P = 0.002, P < 0.001). The number of eyes that required therapy increased progressively in the PNT group, and at 8 months all eyes had required therapy, whereas one latanoprost-treated eye had had additional therapy. After PNT, no patients had visual acuity reduction or intraocular inflammation; three eyes had subconjunctival hemorrhage and five eyes a hyperemia that regressed within 1 week. No posterior segment changes or visual field progression were detected in either groups. Conclusions  In eyes with glaucomatous damage that is not advanced, PNT can reduce the IOP in 60% of the eyes at 1 month, and in 33% of the eyes at 3 months, without significant side-effects. The indications, efficacy and safety of PNT retreatments remain to be investigated. IOP reduction is less and of shorter duration than that obtained by latanoprost adjunctive therapy. No financial relationship     

PACG急性发作后继发睫状体脉络膜脱离的临床研究

目的:观察急性闭角型青光眼急性发作缓解后继发睫状体脉络膜脱离时眼压、前房深度的变化,探讨继发性睫状体脱离的原因、临床特征及治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2011-08/11住院治疗的84例急性闭角型青光眼急性发作的患者,发作缓解后,经超声生物显微镜(UBM)及B超发现,19例出现睫状体脉络膜脱离,用非接触式眼压计及UBM测量急性发作前后和睫状体脉络膜脱离时的眼压和前房深度,并进行统计学分析。结果:急性发作期眼压50.4±6.5mmHg,中央前房深度1.65±0.12mm;发作缓解继发睫状体脉络膜脱离时眼压7.93±4.3mmHg,中央前房深度1.29±0.1mm。UBM及B超检查显示:继发单纯脉络膜脱离10例,单纯睫状体脱离4例,睫状体脉络膜脱离5例,给予常规抗青光眼手术联合适量糖皮质激素治疗,全部睫状体脉络膜脱离均复位。结论:急性闭角型青光眼急性发作缓解后常可合并睫状体及脉络膜脱离,且治疗前眼压越高,缓解时间越短,缓解后发生睫状体、脉络膜脱离的几率越高,其直接征象为眼压过低、前房更浅,UBM为其最可靠的检查方法,常规抗青光眼手术联合适量糖皮质激素为该类患者的有效治疗方法。     

原发性闭角型青光眼中白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术的疗效

目的:评价白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入术治疗眼压控制的急性闭角型青光眼和慢性闭角型青光眼患者的疗效及安全性。方法:将45例60眼白内障眼压控制的急性闭角型青光眼和慢性闭角型青光眼随机分为两组,一组采用白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术,一组采用激光虹膜切开术(laser iridotomy,LI)。比较两组眼内压、抗青光眼药物使用数目、并发症、前房内皮细胞计数的差别。结果:IOL组中,随访6mo后的眼内压由术前的14.82±4.23mmHg下降到10.94±1.24mmHg,而LI组的眼内压并无明显变化(15.34±4.13mmHgvs14.68±4.77mmHg),采用重复测量资料的方差分析显示两组的眼内压变化有显著统计学差异(F=36.452,P<0.01)。IOL组6mo后基本未采用抗青光眼药物,而LI组使用抗青光眼药物个数为0.24±0.41个(P<0.05)。两组在并发症及前房内皮细胞计数方面无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入可有效降低眼压控制的急性闭角型青光眼和慢性闭角型青光眼的眼内压水平,该治疗方法安全有效,是这类患者首选的治疗方法之一。     

COVID-19爆发期武汉原发性急性闭角型青光眼的手术治疗

目的：总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫区原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者的特点和救治方法。

方法：回顾性分析2020-03-02/20疫情期间我院治疗的原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者5例9眼的病历资料,慢性进展期8眼施行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术,临床前期1眼施行激光虹膜周切术。分析手术前后眼压、视力及并发症等情况,总结患者特点及诊治体会。

结果：原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者5例中3例为双眼发病,发病时间12～40(25.2±11.82)d; 白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术后眼压(12.63±1.68mmHg)较术前(48.38±3.22mmHg)明显下降(t=12.192,P<0.01); 住院天数2～6(平均3.8±1.48)d。5例患者均未发现感染及手术相关并发症。

结论：在COVID-19疫情期间,疫区原发性急性闭角型青光眼慢性进展期患者发作时间长、病情重,双眼发作比例高; 白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术可以安全、有效地降低原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者的眼压; 疫情期间规范的防控措施可有效保障医患安全,但加大手术难度。     

半导体532nm虹膜激光治疗药物难控制原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期观察

目的:探讨半导体532nm激光周边虹膜成形术在药物控制无效的急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期患者的安全性及有效性.方法:患者13例15眼应用4g/L盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液表面麻醉后立即行半导体532nm激光周边虹膜成形术.术前及术后观察视力、眼压、角膜、前房深度及并发症.结果:虹膜成形术前平均眼压60.6±8.8mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),术后15min下降至37.4±7.3mmHg,术后60min下降至26.2±6.6mmHg,术后3h下降至平均17.1±5.3mmHg,前房加深.所有患眼角膜水肿全部消退,无明显并发症出现.结论:半导体532nm激光周边虹膜成形术治疗药物难控制性急性发作期原发性闭角型青光眼安全、有效.     

Efficacy and safety of latanoprost in eyes with uveitic glaucoma

Background  To compare the efficacy and safety of latanoprost against a fixed combination of dorzolamide and timolol in eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) or glaucoma and anterior or intermediate uveitis. Methods  Fifty-eight patients with anterior or intermediate uveitis and elevated IOP or glaucoma presented or followed up in the Ocular Inflammation and Immunology Service of General Hospital of Athens were randomly assigned to receive treatment either with latanoprost (30) or with dorzolamide/timolol (28). The main outcome measures were inflammatory relapses and IOP response to treatment. Results  Ten patients (34%) in the latanoprost group and sixteen patients (57%) in the dorzolamide/timolol group experienced relapses of anterior uveitis (p = 0.93). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in respect of inflammatory relapses (p = 0.21). Twenty-one patients were followed up before starting latanoprost. The number of recurrences of anterior uveitis per patient per year before treatment with latanoprost was 0.82 ± 1.2. The rate of relapses per patient per year after starting latanoprost was 0.39 ±0.7 for these patients (p = 0.038). After 1 year of treatment, intraocular pressure was dropped from 27.8 ± 8.4 mmHg to 18.6 ± 5.3 mmHg (p < 0.001) in the latanoprost group and from 28.2 ±8.1 mmHg to 22.6 ±10.1 mmHg (p < 0.001) in the dorzolamide/timolol group. Four patients during treatment with latanoprost and five patients during treatment with dorzolamide/timolol developed macular edema. Conclusion  Latanoprost is safe and equally effective to a fixed combination of dorzolamide and timolol in the treatment of uveitic glaucoma. The authors have no proprietary interest in any aspect of this study.     

Anterior chamber paracentesis and pH values in patients with acute primary angle closure

Background

To assess the efficacy and safety of anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP) and the changes in pH values in eyes with acute primary angle closure (APAC).

Methods

This retrospective case-control study involved 22 patients with APAC who underwent ACP (study group) and 21 patients with APAC who did not undergo ACP (control group). Intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity were measured before treatment and 15 min and 24 h after treatment in both groups. The pH of aqueous humor was measured immediately after ACP in the study group.

Results

A total of 43 eyes in 43 patients were reviewed. The IOP 15 min after ACP (23.3?±?9.6 mmHg) and 24 h after ACP (21.6?±?12.0 mmHg) were significantly lower than that before ACP (58.6?±?12.9 mmHg). The IOP 15 min after ACP was significantly lower than the IOP 15 min after conventional treatment (55.4?±?10.3 mmHg). Visual acuity recovery was achieved earlier after ACP than after conventional treatment. Hyphema after ACP was noted in one eye. The mean pH of the aqueous humor in APAC was 6.99?±?0.35. The pH of the aqueous humor significantly correlated with the duration of acute IOP elevation and the IOP before ACP.

Conclusions

ACP is an effective and safe procedure. The pH of aqueous humor is lower in eyes with APAC of longer duration and in eyes with higher IOP at presentation.     

白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：观察白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的疗效。

方法：收集2009-10/2014-06急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障40例52眼,手术均采用颞侧透明角膜切口,白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术,术后随访6mo。

结果：术后最佳矫正视力较术前显著提高(P<0.01); 患者术后6mo眼压平均为15.76±2.09mmHg,较术前用药前后眼压相比均显著下降(P<0.01); 术后患者房角均较术前增宽,房角粘连关闭象限不同程度开放; 术前前房深度为1.97±0.29mm,术后增加到2.83±0.35mm,差异有显著性(P<0.05); 未发生恶性青光眼、后囊膜破裂等并发症; 所有术眼人工晶状体均在晶状体囊袋内,未出现偏位、夹持。

结论：白内障超声乳化吸除联合房角分离术可有效降低眼压,提高视力,为急性闭角型青光眼同时合并白内障患者安全有效的治疗途径。     

Evolution of central corneal thickness in children with congenital glaucoma requiring glaucoma surgery

Background The purpose of the study was to investigate the evolution of central corneal thickness (CCT) in correlation to the intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with congenital glaucoma before and after glaucoma surgery. Methods Nine eyes of five children (age 2 weeks to 6 months, mean 23 weeks) underwent trabeculotomy for congenital glaucoma. Corneal ultrasound pachymetry (PacScan 3000 AP, Technomed, Germany), tonometry using the Perkins tonometer, and slit-lamp examination (additionally to a clinical routine examination with retinoscopy, funduscopy, measurement of axial length and corneal diameter) were performed before and for at least 12 months after glaucoma surgery. In all children, corneal pachymetry and slit-lamp biomicroscopy—and whenever possible applanation tonometry—were performed without sedation or general anesthesia. If measurement of the IOP was not possible otherwise (in four of the five children), sedation with midazolam orally was used to measure the IOP at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months after trabeculotomy, then every 3 months. Results Six of nine eyes had biomicroscopically clear corneas without visible corneal edema before trabeculotomy. In three eyes, a corneal edema was visible in at least one quadrant of the cornea. Regarding all eyes together, mean CCT was 651 ± 138 μm before trabeculotomy; this decreased to 592 ± 119 μm within 2 weeks after trabeculotomy. At 6 weeks and 3 months there was a further regression to 569.4 ± 16 μm. Mean IOP was 18.6 ± 7.5 mmHg before and decreased to 14.8 ± 5.8 mmHg after glaucoma surgery. Regarding IOP data obtained under general anaesthesia, decrease of CCT was significantly correlated with decrease in IOP. There was no significant difference in the correlation between eyes with and without visible corneal edema. Conclusions Corneal ultrasound pachymetry appears to be a valuable additional measure in the follow-up of infants and small children requiring glaucoma surgery. Financial interest: None Oral presentation at the annual meeting of the DOG (German Ophthalmological Society), Berlin, September 2006     

氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗急性闭角型青光眼3a随访研究

目的:评价氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期疗效及随访3a疗效的稳定性。方法:原发性闭角型青光眼第1次急性发作患者23例23眼,局部予以10g/L毛果芸香碱滴眼液及5g/L噻吗心安滴眼液各1滴后,行氩激光周边虹膜成形术,眼压控制稳定后5～7d行激光周边虹膜切开术。观察氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗前及治疗后2h;1,6,12,24,36mo眼压;观察相应时间点房角变化;术后1,6,12,24,36mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验。结果:氩激光周边虹膜成形术前平均眼压为69.43±8.22mmHg,术后2h眼压为15.74±3.09mmHg,1a随访期间患者未发生高眼压,2,3a部分患者眼压升高;术前所有23眼前房角镜检查可见前房角关闭,术后2h所有23眼静态前房角镜检查前房角增宽,小梁网可见范围增宽,1a随访期间房角无明显变化,2a随访3眼房角较前窄,3a随访又有3眼房角变窄;所有患者术后1,6,12mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验均为阴性,24mo时2眼阳性,36mo时又有4眼阳性。结论:氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期(不联合使用全身降眼压药物治疗)可迅速、有效、安全降低眼压,重新开放房角,随访1a疗效稳定,随访3a部分患者进展为慢性闭角型青光眼。     

激光虹膜切除术治疗早期原发性闭角型青光眼

目的评价激光虹膜切除术治疗早期原发性闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法对62例（112眼）早期原发性闭角型青光眼按不同类型分为3组，分别行激光虹膜切除术，观察术前及术后1h、1周、3月的眼压、前房深度、前房角等变化情况。结果所有病例治疗后中央及周边前房深度都有不同程度加深。暗室试验阳性组治疗后平均眼压（13．71±2．29）mmHg。且房角未出现关闭。原发性急性闭角型青光眼组治疗后平均眼压（14．69±2．43）mmHg，11．9％的眼出现了15。以内的房角关闭。原发性慢性闭角型青光眼组治疗后平均眼压（23．18±5．66）mmHg，房角关闭增加15。以内5只眼，增加300。600的3眼，共占50．00％。结论激光虹膜切除术是预防和治疗早期闭角型青光眼，保护视功能的一种有效手段。但由于慢性闭角型青光眼发病机制复杂，应通过术前病例的合理选择及术后的密切随访，有效控制术后病情的发展。     

超声生物显微镜评价小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼

目的:应用超声生物显微镜观察急性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术的有效性和安全性。方法:选取80例80眼急性闭角型青光眼病例按手术前眼压水平分为高眼压组(30例30眼,眼压≥30mmHg)和对照组(50例50眼,眼压<30mmHg),对两组病例小梁切除术后眼压、视力以及超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)情况等进行统计比较。结果:高眼压组术后大多数保留了较好的视力;两组病例术后眼压大多控制在8～15mmHg;UBM检测结果,高眼压组术后发生1例睫状体脱离,1例恶性青光眼,1例浅前房,对照组术后发生1例浅前房,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组患者手术后ACD,AOD,TCPD术前术后比较差异均无显著性。结论:急性闭角型青光眼高眼压下小梁切除术是有效、安全的,在充分药物治疗后,应及时采取手术治疗。UBM检查可发现小梁切除术后睫状体脱离、恶性青光眼等严重并发症,在急性闭角型青光眼诊治过程中发挥重要作用。