3D-TOF法MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的临床研究

目的研究3D—TOF(三维时间飞跃)法MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的敏感性及其影响因素。方法35例颅内动脉瘤患者同时行3D—TOF法MRA、MRI及DSA检查,两名神经放射医师盲法分析图象,研究:3D—TOF法MRA诊断动脉瘤的敏感性。结果35例43个动脉瘤MRA发现36个,敏感性为83.7%,小动脉瘤及多发动脉瘤的诊断率较低,动脉瘤的部位也是影响诊断率的一个因素。结论虽然MRA在诊断颅内动脉瘤上具有较高的敏感性,但更为准确详细的信息仍需要DSA提供。     

磁化传递技术与时间飞跃法在MRA中的应用比较

目的探讨磁化传递（MT）技术与时间飞跃法（3D-TOF）在磁共振血管成像（MRA）中的应用价值比较。方法对82例患者同时行磁化传递（MT）技术法和常规3D-TOF法的MRA扫描,并对两者原始图像进行三维重组、对比分析。结果磁化传递（MT）技术法MRA的血管背景被完全抑制,分支小血管显示清晰,而常规3D-TOF法MRA的血管背景抑制不全,末梢分支小血管显示不清或未显示。结论磁化传递（MT）技术法较常规3D-TOF法的MRA更能获得高清晰血管图像。     

3D-TOF磁共振血管成像诊断偏侧面肌痉挛的病因

目的　研究 3D TOF磁共振血管成像对偏侧面肌痉挛 (HFS)病因诊断的临床价值。方法　 3D TOF磁共振血管成像脑干薄层扫描 3 4例HFS患者和 3 5例对照 ,盲法诊断面神经根部解剖改变 ,两组对照分析。结果　 ( 1)HFS患者症状侧面神经根部受压迫 3 2侧 ( 94 % ) ,其中血管压迫 3 1侧( 91% ) ,肿瘤压迫 1侧 ( 3 % ) ;无症状侧受血管压迫 6侧 ( 18% ) ;对照组双侧受压迫 3侧 ( 4 % ) ,其中血管 2侧 ,肿瘤 1侧。 ( 2 )常见压迫血管分别为小脑前下动脉 11侧 ( 3 8% ) ,椎动脉单独或与小脑后下动脉联合 9侧 ( 2 9% ) ,小脑后下动脉 8侧 ( 2 5 % )。 ( 3 )面神经根部血管压迫发生HFS相对危险度的估计值为 3 7.2 8。 ( 4 )面肌痉挛侧面神经根部受血管压迫或包绕有 14侧 ( 4 5 % )。结论　研究提示 ,3D TOF磁共振血管成像为目前面肌痉挛病因诊断的最佳影像检查方法 ,HFS的主要病因为患侧面神经根部受血管压迫、包绕或与其紧密接触。     

三维时间飞跃法MRA及图像后处理技术对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值

目的　探讨三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像 (3D TOFMRA)及其后处理技术 (MPR)对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值。方法　两名神经放射科医师盲法分析 38例临床诊断为三叉神经痛患者的 3D TOFMRA基础图像及MPR图像。结果　 (1) 38例三叉神经痛患者中 ,MRI诊断为血管接触或压迫 31例 ,其中有症状侧血管接触或压迫 2 6例。症状侧与影像上三叉神经存在血管接触或压迫有显著相关 (P <0 0 0 5 )。(2 ) 14例以三叉神经第 2支分布区域疼痛为主要症状的患者中 ,85 .7% (12例 )血管压迫神经的中间部位 ;10例以三叉神经第 3支分布区域疼痛为主要症状的患者中 ,70 % (7例 )血管压迫神经的侧方 (P <0 0 0 5 )。结论　 3D TOFMRA及MPR可清晰地显示三叉神经脑池段与毗临血管的关系 ,血管压迫神经的部位与疼痛的区域有一定的相关性     

CE-MRA与3D-TOF MRA诊断椎基底动脉狭窄价值间接比较的Meta分析

目的以数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)为金标准,利用Meta分析方法评价并间接比较增强磁共振血管成像(contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography,CE-MRA)与三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像(three dimensional time of flight magnetic resonance angiography,3D-TOF MRA)诊断椎基底动脉狭窄的价值。方法计算机检索Pub Med、Embase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM、万方Data中关于CE-MRA、3D-TOF MRA诊断椎基底动脉狭窄的相关文献,检索日期截止至2017年5月。2名研究者按照纳入排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料,使用QUADAS 2工具对所获文献进行质量评价。使用Stata12.1软件分别合并分析CE-MRA、3D-TOF MRA对椎基底动脉狭窄的敏感度(sensitivity,Sen合并)、特异度(specificity,Spe合并)、阳性似然比(positive likelihood ratio,+LR)、阴性似然比(negative likelihood ratio,-LR)、诊断比值比(diagnostic odds ratio,DOR)并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(summary receiver operating characteristic curve,SROC)计算曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC),利用相对比值间接比较二者诊断价值。结果纳入检索所获1418条记录中的10项研究,共13组数据。Meta分析结果显示,对于狭窄程度50%的椎基底动脉,CE-MRA与3D-TOF MRA的Sen合并、Spe合并、+LR、-LR、DOR、AUC值分别为0.89[95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)0.75~0.95]、0.98(95%CI 0.91~0.99)、36.1(95%CI 10.3~126.2)、0.12(95%CI 0.05~0.27)、307(95%CI 102~922)、0.97(95%CI 0.96~0.98)与0.94(95%CI0.86~0.98)、0.93(95%CI 0.87~0.97)、14.4(95%CI 7.1~29.1)、0.06(95%CI 0.03~0.15)、226(95%CI 57~902)、0.98(95%CI 0.96~0.99)。CE-MRA与3D-TOF MRA间接比较结果RDOR为1.36(95%CI 0.23~7.94)。结论在诊断椎基底动脉狭窄方面,CE-MRA相较于3D-TOF MRA具有更高的诊断准确性。     

磁共振血管造影联合3D-CISS序列在椎基底动脉延长扩张症诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁共振血管造影联合3D-CISS序列扫描在椎基底动脉延长扩张症诊断中的应用。方法回顾性分析8例VBD患者的MRA及3D-CISS序列图像资料。结果 8例患者的3D-CISS序列和MRA原始图像上除显示扩张迂曲的椎基底动脉外,还可见5例患者的基底动脉或其分支与脑池段颅神经的位置关系异常,其中基底动脉及左侧小脑上动脉压迫面神经脑池段各1例;基底动脉与三叉神经关系密切1例;基底动脉与动眼神经关系密切2例。结论磁共振血管造影联合3D-CISS序列扫描不但可以完整显示扩张、迂曲的椎基底动脉,且可以观察病变血管与脑池段脑神经的关系,为临床诊断和针对性治疗提供重要依据。     

Role of 3D-TOF magnetic resonance angiography for intracranial meningioma

Three-dimensional (3D) time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in 13 patients with intracranial meningioma. 3D-TOF unenhanced MRA depicted arterial displacement by tumour, and poorly demonstrated the sinuses, veins and tumour mass. The direct visualization of the venous abnormalities on 3D-TOF MRA was improved by the administration of contrast material. 3D-TOF enhanced MRA simultaneously depicted tumour enhancement, arterial and/or venous displacement, and dural sinus involvement by the tumour, all of which were in good agreement with findings on conventional cerebral angiography. However, MRA tended to poorly demonstrate the feeding arteries as compared to conventional angiography. Our results indicate that multiview 3D-TOF enhanced MRA non-invasively provides important information about the topographic relationship between tumour mass and the surrounding vasculature.     

Autoradiographic localization of adenosine receptors in rat brain using [3H]cyclohexyladenosine

Adenosine (A1) receptor binding sites have been localized in rat brain by an in vitro light microscopic autoradiographic method. The binding of [3H]N6-cyclohexyladenosine to slide-mounted rat brain tissue sections has the characteristics of A1 receptors. It is saturable with high affinity and has appropriate pharmacology and stereospecificity. The highest densities of adenosine receptors occur in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, the molecular and polymorphic layers of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus, the medial geniculate body, certain thalamic nuclei, and the lateral septum. High densities also are observed in certain layers of the cerebral cortex, the piriform cortex, the caudate-putamen, the nucleus accumbens, and the granule cell layer of the cerebellum. Most white matter areas, as well as certain gray matter areas, such as the hypothalamus, have negligible receptor concentrations. These localizations suggest possible central nervous system sites of action of adenosine.     

Localization of 5-HT3 receptors in the rat brain using [3H]LY278584

5-HT3 receptors have been localized in the rat brain using the selective antagonist ligand [3H]LY278584. The binding of this ligand to slide mounted tissue sections was characterized by a Kd value of 1.5 nM and a Bmax value of 110 fmol/mg tissue dry weight. The specific binding was displaced by 5-HT or a number of 5-HT3 antagonist compounds. High densities of 5-HT3 receptors were detected in the nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and area postrema. Moderate levels of binding were found in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, substantia gelatinosa of the trigeminal nucleus and spinal cord and various nuclei of the amygdala. Low levels of binding were found in the superficial laminae of the cerebral cortex and relatively evenly distributed in the hippocampus. These results indicate that [3H]LY278584 is a useful ligand to study 5-HT3 receptors by quantitative autoradiography.     

Autoradiographic characterisation of beta-adrenoceptors in chick brain using [3H]CGP 12177

An autoradiographic method for labelling beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors using [3H]CGP 12177 as a radioligand is described as well as the procedure for an autoradiographic saturation kinetic study. The method afforded higher quality autoradiographs as well as an improvement in the tissue preservation when assayed in birds and chick embryos. The results confirmed the K(d) values previously reported for membrane homogenate binding. The use of different radioligands to characterise beta-adrenoceptors, the higher B(max) values found with autoradiography than those obtained by the membrane homogenate binding method and the typical errors in quantifying autoradiography are discussed. It is concluded that the method described here considerably improves autoradiographic beta-adrenergic characterisation.     

Degree of hemodynamic disturbance at the hyperacute phase of stroke: predictive value of 3D-TOF angiography and the T2 fast-FLAIR sequence

Goal: To define during the hyperacute phase of stroke the value of 3D-TOF MR angiography (MRA) and T2 fast-FLAIR sequence for predicting the volume of tissue presenting a hemodynamic disturbance. MATERIAL: and method: Thirty-five cases of hyperacute stroke located in following territories: middle cerebral artery (MCA) (n=29), anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) (n=5) and watershed (n=1) were retrospectively reviewed. The vascular abnormalities defined on MRA (vessel stenosis or occlusion) or FLAIR sequence (vessel hyperintensity) were classified into 3 groups: normal (I), distal abnormalities (II), abnormalities of the entire arterial territory (III). These results were compared with the volume of tissue showing a prolonged mean transit time (MTT) determined on relative MTT maps calculated from bolus tracking MR perfusion images. RESULTS: The abnormal volume measured on the MTT map was significantly correlated to the results of the MRA and FLAIR sequence. In the 12 cases of group III defined on the MRA (abnormality from M1), the volume of hemodynamic disturbance was always higher than 100 ml. For the MCA territory, it was not possible to predict the presence of a hemodynamic disturbance in any of the 3 groups defined on the FLAIR sequence and in the groups I and II defined on the MRA. For the AChoA territory, a hemodynamic disturbance was never observed in groups I and II defined either on MRA or FLAIR sequence. CONCLUSION: When there was no flow within the M1 segment on the MRA, there was always a hemodynamic disturbance larger than 100 ml on the MTT map. In the case of AChoA ischemic lesion, when no vascular abnormality was observed on the MRA or FLAIR images, the MTT map was always normal.     

3T三维时间飞越法磁共振血管成像在硬脑膜动静脉瘘诊断中的应用

目的探讨3T三维时间飞越法(3D-TOF)磁共振血管成像(MRA)对硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的诊断价值。方法对18例DAVF患者的头颅MRI、3D-TOF-MRA及DSA检查结果进行回顾性对照分析。结果发生部位以后颅凹最为常见(15/18,其中天幕9例,乙状窦及横窦区4例,窦汇区及颈静脉孔区各1例),顶部2例,海绵窦区1例。临床表现呈多样性,以颅内高压(8例)和癫闇(4例)最为常见。MRI以脑出血样混杂信号多见(9/18),可伴周边粗大流空血管影、脑水肿及脑组织萎缩等。3D-TOF-MRA显示供血动脉由颈内外、椎基底动脉共同参与多见(13/18例),6例血管影增多增粗,与DSA所见皮层静脉逆行(CVR)引流相吻合。结论 3T 3D-TOF-MRA结合常规MR影像,能较为准确地确定病灶的部位、供血动脉及皮层引流静脉,同时清晰显示DAVF继发性的颅内改变,弥补了DSA的不足,可对DAVF病变进行无创全面的评价。     

Quantitative autoradiography of serotonin uptake sites in rat brain using [3H]cyanoimipramine

The binding of [3H]cyanoimipramine to serotonin uptake sites in rat brain slices was studied using quantitative autoradiography. Binding was of high affinity and was to a single class of binding site. This is in contrast to results previously obtained by others with [3H]imipramine where two binding sites were observed. The sites labeled by [3H]cyanoimipramine had properties consistent with this ligand labeling serotonin uptake sites, as: (1) binding is displaced by drugs which are potent inhibitors of serotonin uptake but not by drugs which are weak inhibitors of uptake; (2) binding is dependent on the presence of sodium ions as is the uptake of serotonin; (3) binding is almost completely eliminated in the brains of rats lesioned by the serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine; (4) the distribution of binding sites throughout the rat brain is highly correlated with that found previously for [3H]indalpine, a potent serotonin uptake inhibitor, and for [3H]imipramine. The properties of binding of [3H]cyanoimipramine make it an ideal ligand for the quantitative autoradiography of serotonin uptake sites.     

Autoradiographic localization of adenosine uptake sites in rat brain using [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine

The adenosine uptake site has been localized in rat brain by an in vitro light microscopic autoradiographic method, using [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine ( [3H]NBI) as the probe. The binding characteristics of [3H]NBI on slide-mounted sections are comparable to those seen in studies performed on brain homogenates. A very high density of uptake sites occurs in the nucleus tractus solitarius, in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus, in several thalamic nuclei, and also in geniculate body nuclei. A high density of sites are also observed in the nucleus accumbens, the caudate putamen, the dorsal tegmentum area, the substantia nigra, and the central gray. The localization of the adenosine uptake site in brain may provide information on the functional activity of the site and suggests the involvement of the adenosine system in the central regulation of cardiovascular function.     

Meningioma associated with aneurysm. Report of a case]

The case of a patient with aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery and meningioma of the olfactory glove is reported. She was operated, and both pathologies treated through the same surgical approach with good results.     

3H]-beta-endorphin binding in rat brain

The binding of [3H]-beta-endorphin to rat brain homogenates is complex. Although Scatchard analysis of saturation studies yields a straight line, detailed competition studies are multiphasic, suggesting that even at low concentrations of the compound, the 3H-ligand is binding to more than one class of site. A portion of [3H]-beta-endorphin binding is sensitive to low concentrations of morphine or D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin (less than 5 nM). The inhibition observed with each compound alone (5 nM) is the same as that seen with both together (each at 5 nM). Thus, the binding remaining in the presence of both morphine and the enkephalin does not correspond to either mu or delta sites. The portion of [3H]-beta-endorphin binding that is inhibited under these conditions appears to be equally sensitive to both morphine and the enkephalin and may correspond to mu1 sites. Treating membrane homogenates with naloxonazine, a mu1 selective antagonist, lowers [3H]-beta-endorphin binding to the same degree as morphine and D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin alone or together. This possible binding of [3H]-beta-endorphin to mu1 sites is consistent with the role of mu1 sites in beta-endorphin analgesia and catalepsy in vivo.     

3D—TOF法磁共振血流成像对脑血管疾病的诊断价值

报告55例脑血管疾病的3D-TOF法和MRA和常规MRI(其中21例经DSA证实)。结果3D-TOF法MRA不仅能较为清晰地显示脑血管疾病的异常血管,且能作出定性、定位诊断。提出3D-TOF法MRA对脑血管疾病的诊断价值高于MRI、SPECT、X-CT,尤其是动静脉畸形、静脉型血管畸形(静脉瘤)、瘤体直径>5mn的动脉瘤和严重狭窄和闭塞的动脉。     

Visualization of neurokinin-3 receptor sites in rat brain using the highly selective ligand [3H]senktide.

The autoradiographic distribution of the neurokinin (NK)-3 receptor sub-type was visualized in the rat brain using [3H]senktide, a highly selective ligand, [3H]Senktide apparently binds to a single class of high affinity (Kd = 2.8 +/- 1.0 nM), low capacity (Bmax = 31.2 +/- 3.0 fmol/mg protein) sites in rat brain cortex. The ligand selectivity pattern reveals that eledoisin and senktide are potent competitors of both [3H]senktide and [125I]Bolton-Hunter eledoisin binding sites demonstrating the NK-3 nature of these sites. Autoradiographic data show that [3H]senktide binding sites are concentrated in mid-cortical layers, supraoptic nucleus, zona incerta, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala and interpeduncular nucleus. Much lower densities of binding are seen in most other areas such as the caudate-putamen and cerebellum. This distribution is similar, but not identical, to that previously reported for NK-3 sites using less selective ligands. It is most likely because less selective probes also bind to other classes of NK receptors. The higher selectivity of [3H]senktide is thus an important advantage for the precise characterization of NK-3 receptor binding parameters.