2005年大连市常规免疫接种率报告与监测评价

[目的]了解大连市常规免疫接种率监测情况.[方法]采用差值(D) 和比值(R)评价方法对大连市2005年常规免疫接种率进行统计分析.[结果]县(市、区,下同) 级报告的及时率和完整性分别96.97%、100.00%.2005年卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗的常规免疫报告接种率均在99.00%以上,而估计接种率与报告接种率相差较大.口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗D值不可信,卡介苗和乙型肝炎疫苗均为可疑.[结论]大连市常规免疫监测数据偏高.应加强技术培训,提高报告接种率的可信性.     

四川省宣汉县常规免疫接种率监测与评价

[目的] 为了解宣汉县常规免疫接种率监测现状,对2003～2007年常规免疫接种率监测结果进行分析.[方法] 根据<全国常规免疫接种率监测方案>提供的方法进行报表及时性、完整性、估算接种率、差值(D)和比值(R)的分析评价. [结果] 常规免疫接种率报告的及时性和完整性由2003年的92.79%和88.56%上升到2007 年的100%和99.83%.2003～2007年卡介苗,乙肝疫苗,脊髓灰质炎疫苗,百日咳白喉破伤风联合疫苗,麻疹疫苗的常规免疫报告接种率为93.90%～99.59%,而估算接种率在59.11%～115.9%,与报告接种率有一定差距. [结论] 2006年、2007年5苗接种率可信,其余均为可疑或不可信.提示宣汉县免疫规划工作存在一定问题,经过2005年底全县0～7岁儿童的入户核查登记和查漏补种工作,近2年免疫规划接种率报告工作有较大进步.     

2009年大连市常规免疫接种率报告与监测评价

[目的]了解大连市常规免疫接种率监测情况。[方法]采用差值(D)和比值(R)评价方法对大连市2009年常规免疫接种率进行统计分析。[结果]大连市各县(市、区)级接种率报告的及时率和完整率均为100.00%,卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗的常规免疫报告接种率分别为99.99%、99.95%、99.93%、99.92%、99.98%。脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗、卡介苗和乙型肝炎疫苗D值评价结果分别为:可信、可信、可信、可疑、可疑。R值评价显示各种疫苗应种人数基本符合逻辑。[结论]在大连市人口流动性大,免疫规划工作难度增加的情况下,常规免疫接种率仍保持了较高的水平。     

昆明市2006年～2010年常规免疫接种率监测分析

[目的]了解昆明市常规免疫监测现状,为提高常规免疫接种率监测报表质量提供依据。[方法]对2006年～2010年常规免疫接种率监测结果,采用差值（D）和比值（R）评价方法进行比较。[结果]县（市）区级报告的及时率和完整率均为100％。2006年～2010年,卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗、合麻疹成分疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗的常规虎疫报告接种率均大于93％,而估算授．种率与报告接种率相差大,尤其是乙肝疫苗和卡介苗相差较大。2006年～2010年计算D值25个、R值10个,其中D值有11个可信、9个可疑、5个不可信;R值有9个可信、1个可疑。[结论]昆明市常规免疫接种报告数据存在偏高问题,主要与流动儿童的免疫规划管理不完善和部分县区的工作薄弱有关。应加强技术培训,做好流动儿童预防接种管理,提高报告接种率的可信度。     

2011年大连市常规免疫监测系统评价

[目的]掌握2011年大连市常规免疫接种率报告及监测状况。[方法]对大连市2011年1剂卡介苗(BCG)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)、脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)、无细胞百白破联合疫苗(DTaP)和麻风疫苗(MR)监测结果和接种率调查资料进行分析,并利用差值(D)和比值(R)对常规免疫报告接种率的真实性进行评价。[结果]大连市2011年12个区(市、县)常规免疫报表及时报告率为95.83%,无缺报、漏报,乡级预防接种单位常规免疫接种率报告完整性为100.00%;BCG、HepB3、OPV3、DTaP3和MR报告接种率均在99%以上;在中山区、金州新区、普兰店市共调查1.5～3.5岁儿童450人,上述5种疫苗的调查接种率分别为99.56%、100.00%、97.78%、95.56%、100.00%。D值评价,12个区(市、县)的5种疫苗中,只有旅顺口区的OPV3、DTaP3和MR,普兰店市、长兴岛的OPV3和DTaP3为"可信",其他均为"可疑"和"不可信"。全市报告接种率的R值评价,3MR与OPV3比较,3MR与DTaP3比较均为"可信",3MR与HepB3比较为"可疑";3BCG与OPV3比较为"可疑"。[结论]2011年大连市常规免疫监测系统报告接种率真实性较高。     

内蒙古自治区2011年常规免疫接种率监测结果评价

目的了解内蒙古自治区2011年常规免疫接种情况,对常规免疫接种率监测结果进行评价。方法通过差值法和比值法对监测结果进行比较分析。结果内蒙古全区卡介苗(BCG)、百白破疫苗(DPT)、乙肝疫苗(HepB)、脊髓灰质炎疫苗(PV)、麻类疫苗(MCV)和乙脑疫苗(JE)六苗常规免疫报告接种率均高于99%,估算接种率均小于95%。全区D值评价为不可信,R值评价为可信。结论内蒙古常规免疫接种率报告真实性、准确性有待提高。     

营口市1999～2004年常规免疫接种率监测评价

目的了解营口市常规免疫接种率监测现状。方法对1999~2004年常规免疫接种率监测结果,采用差值(D)和比值(R)评价方法进行比较分析。结果县(市、区,下同)级报告的及时率和完整性均为100%,1999~2004年口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗的常规免疫报告接种率均>98%,而估计接种率与报告接种率相差较大。除2001、2002年D值不可信外,其余均为可疑或可信。结论常规免疫监测数据存在偏高,主要与流动儿童的免疫规划管理不完善和部分县的工作薄弱有关。应加强技术培训,做好流动人口预防接种管理,提高报告接种率的可信性。     

2007年大连市常规免疫接种率报告与监测评价

[目的]了解大连市常规免疫接种率监测情况。[方法]对大连市2007年常规免疫接种率资料进行分析。[结果]县（市、区）级常规免疫接种报表报告的及时率和完整性分别92.42%、100.00%。卡介苗报告接种率在95%以上,脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破混合制剂、麻疹疫苗、乙肝疫苗的常规免疫报告接种率均在99%以上。全市估计接种率与报告接种率相差较大,卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破联合疫苗的D值不可信,麻疹疫苗、乙肝疫苗均为可疑;R值评价,各种疫苗之间应种人数符合逻辑。[结论]2007年大连市常规免疫估计接种率高于报告接种率。     

2010年贵州省常规免疫接种率监测评价

目的 了解贵州省儿童常规免疫接种情况 方法 对2010年常规免疫接种率监测结果,采用差值(D)和比值(R)评价方法进行比较分析.结果 各疫苗报告接种率均大于90％.报告接种率与估计接种率相差较大,对各种疫苗的D值评价,可疑及不可信的占60％；对全省各市州报表R值评价,可疑及不可信的占88.89％.结论 贵州省2010...     

2011年洛阳市国家免疫规划疫苗常规报告接种率评价

目的了解洛阳市国家免疫规划疫苗常规接种情况。方法对2011年洛阳市国家免疫规划疫苗常规报告接种率监测结果,采用差值(D)和比值(R)进行分析。结果疫苗报告接种率均大于95.00%。估算接种率与报告接种率相差较大,用D值评价,除含麻疹类疫苗复种(MCV复种)可信外,其余均可疑或不可信。R值评价,可疑或不可信的项目占81.70%。结论洛阳市国家免疫规划疫苗常规接种存在目标儿童摸底不清,部分儿童存在疫苗脱漏,数据报告不准确的情况,需要采取相应措施加以改进。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.