放射剂量测量的远程控制和数据处理

目的 解决中子-γ混合辐射场只能近距离测量与测量人员因不能远离辐射场而可能受到泄漏中子和γ射线照射的问题，并提高测量效率和精度。方法 开发并利用远程控制技术，通过深入剖析6517A静电计中固化的各种控制、采样和通讯命令，利用计算机通过RS-232串行通信接口远程对剂量仪进行控制，在测量完成的第一时间取回测量数据并可通过网络共享这些数据。结果 通过计算机编程，首次实现本地计算机对6517A静电计的完全自动控制，并通过远程计算机对本地计算机的控制来设置并驱动6517A静电计完成剂量测量任务，实现人员对仪器的异地操作。剂量测量全过程不需要测量人员到现场，从而使测量人员免受泄漏射线的照射。结论 本课题首次将远程控制的概念引入以前一直只能近距离进行的放射剂量测量领域，在保证工作质量的同时保护了测量人员的安全与健康。     

Monitoring of a water phantom and data acquisition in irradiation planning using a portable minicomputer

A series of dose profiles measured in general in a water phantom with remote control is necessary for irradiation planning systems to calculate the dose distribution in the patient. This study presents a cost effective method using a portable minicomputer for the monitoring of a water phantom and the digital data transmission to the irradiation planning computer.     

Computers and quality control in nuclear medicine

The general topic of computers and nuclear medicine quality control may be approached from two main areas; controlling the quality of computerized studies, and computer applications in general nuclear medicine quality control. Overlap occurs when quality control of computer studies is performed by the computer itself. The uses of computers in record-keeping and in quality control of imaging instrumentation and in vitro studies, including radioimmunoassay, are discussed in this review. Aspects of quality control for computerized clinical cardiovascular, cerebral, and renal studies and emission computed tomography are reviewed, including consideration of difficulties and inaccuracies involved in the studies. Any automatic computer analysis program should incorporate adequate checks and error detection protocols and should illustrate results for verification. Current routine quality control procedures using the computer unfortunately are few. Quality control criteria are needed for camera/computer systems in high count rate clinical applications, and increasing emphasis should be aimed at quality control of those computerized dynamic and function studies in current clinical use. The computer has a valuable potential for nuclear medicine quality control. In vitro and computerized in vivo studies can be analyzed by readily available statistical programs, and variances can be monitored continuously. Computers can calibrate and monitor instrument performance regularly, and can handle managerial and clerical duties such as bookkeeping.     

ImNet: a fibre optic LAN for digital image communication

Data communication requirements in computer networks for medical diagnostics cannot be satisfied by existing LANs if digital images are involved because of the volumes of image data and the heterogeneity of data communication tasks. A user-oriented network behaviour requires a data transport rate which is beyond the physical bit rate of currently used LAN data channels. The key to an increased data transport efficiency is the separation of management data communication and image data communication. For the latter ImNet, a novel type of fibre optic network has been developed. Its hyperstar topology, its asynchronous data transport mechanism and its distributed network control make it particularly suited for PACS applications.     

多道生理遥测仪的研制

目的 研制在实验室和野外现场实时测量人体心电,体温等多项生理指标的遥测仪器。方法 将计算机作为遥测处理终端,系统采用频－时分混合调制方式,慢变数据解调后直接从计算机串口输入,它的测量,控制采用单片机实现、温度测量采用计算机查表法进行测量转换。结果 本机能实时遥测,处理心电,体温,风速及多点皮温。在－１７℃以及实验室高温条件下（４５℃）实际使用,仪器运行良好,取得满意的结果。结论 本机具有处理功能强     

Fundamentals of computerised data acquisition in the human performance laboratory

Researchers of the future will depend upon computer technology to address questions that previously could not be answered using traditional methods of data acquisition. Recent advances in computer design and software availability have eliminated many of the limitations previously associated with computer use in the laboratory setting. Although computerisation facilitates the acquisition of laboratory data, identification of errors introduced into the measurement is often more difficult. The laboratory computer is only one component of an automated data acquisition system. A system designed to collect physiological data comprises several primary components, including: (a) sensing element; (b) signal amplification/conditioning circuits; (c) analogue display; (d) computer interface; (e) laboratory computer; and (f) acquisition software. The acquisition and conditioning of analogue signals is accomplished using traditional laboratory procedures familiar to the researcher. Converting this analogue signal into a digital format used by the computer, however, represents new techniques. Fundamentals of computerised data acquisition are discussed. An understanding of how an automated data acquisition system is configured and the techniques used to transform the values will assist the user in identifying sources of error introduced into the measurement. Additionally, familiarization with the methods of computerisation will provide insight into future applications of computer technology in the human performance laboratory.     

Algorithm for analyses of saccadic eye movements using a digital computer.

An algorithm for digital computer analyses of electro-oculographically recorded saccardic eye movements is presented. From a brief, 4-min recording session detailed statistical information about saccade velocity, accuracy, and delay time can be obtained. Since this data is not significantly altered by practice of motivational factors, it provides a sensitive functional test of the extra-ocular muscles and their brain control system.     

基于通用串行总线的主机与小型医学仪器互连的研究

目的 探讨实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方法，以便最终实现小型医学仪器的网络化。方法 本文提出了利用通用串行总线（USB）实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方案，同时解决了此方案中最关键的技术，即如何利用USB总线实现医学仪器的实时数据采集和传输，具体工作包括硬件设计、固体设计、驱动程序设计和应用程序设计。结果 利用USB总线实现了医学信号的实时数据采集和传输，为下一步实现医学仪器与主机互连打下了基础。结论 利用通用串行总线实现主机与小型医学仪器的互连是可行的。     

User discipline in a personal computer-based filing of ultrasound records

The discipline of entering ultrasound examination data in a personal computer file was studied over two periods. During the first period (19 weeks), the use of the computer was limited to one laboratory. During the second period (14 weeks), the computer was shared by three laboratories operating in nearby premises. During the study, 2857 (89%) of a total of 3209 ultrasound examinations performed were duly recorded in the data file. The frequency of failure to enter data was markedly higher during the second period (7-45%) than during the first period (5%) of the study. Overall, there was a highly significant (p less than 0.001) tendency to enter pathological findings at the expense of normal and non-diagnostic findings. The ease of access to the computer and the number of examinations recorded appear to determine user conscientiousness in filing data. Selection and omission of data impair the usefulness of the data log in research.     

BLSS中光藻反应器的模型与仿真实验研究

目的 对生物再生式生命保障系统(BLSS)中的绿藻培养单元--光藻反应器(LABR)的数学模型和计算机仿真模型进行研究.方法 运用系统动力学和化学计量学原理,在实验数据的基础上建立LA-BR系统的数学模型,进而建立其仿真模型,进行计算机实验,模拟系统在不同参数下的动态.结果 模型的有效性检验表明,本文所建立的LABR的数学模型和仿真模型是有效的,可用于LABR进一步的深入研究.结论 通过对LABR模型的仿真实验研究,可以大大减少实际研究所需时间和投入,为对BLSS中的其他子系统的类似研究提供理论和方法上的借鉴.     

运动心电图检测系统中数据采集卡的研制

目的：研制一种能够高精度同步采集多路运动心电信号的专用数据采集卡。方法：1）硬件上，以196KC单片机为核心构成数据采集系统，设计可以完成数据采集、基本数据预处理及相关控制的数据采集卡；2）软件上，单片机完成A/D转换、信号的实时预处理以及与主机通信3大任务，主机则接收数据并且实时处理数据。结果：在运动心电图的检测系统中所设计的数据采集卡配合主机CPU实现了双处理器工作，同时为了减轻主机负担，由数据采集卡完成数据预处理功能，合理利用了硬件资源。结论：该数据采集卡能够满足运动心电图临床检测的要求。     

Quality assurance of computer controlled radiotherapy treatments.

There is a need in conformal therapy, as in any radiation therapy, for adequate quality assurance of the treatment plan and the delivery of the treatment. This paper examines quality assurance of two methods of conformal treatment, on a cobalt treatment unit using computer control. Each of the two methods demonstrates a different aspect of computer controlled treatments. Following completion of each treatment plan, an additional "quality assurance plan" is prepared. This is used to assess the integrity of the treatment plan, and the precision with which the computer controls the treatment unit. A simple method, using solid state detectors in a Perspex phantom, is used to validate the dosimetry of the "quality assurance plan". Quality assurance of the computer control is performed daily prior to treatments. At each treatment, parameters identifying the start position and final position of the computer controlled couch movements and the exposure time are noted by the radiographers. Comparison of the recorded movement of the treatment couch and the exposure time with that intended during each course of treatment has demonstrated, inter alia, limitations on couch speed control at speeds of less than 10 mm per min.     

Data acquisition using a scintillation detector interfaced to a personal microcomputer

A method is described for interfacing a cadmium telluride semiconductor nonimaging detector to a personal microcomputer in order to store and display nuclear medicine data. There was virtual identity between the count rates stored in the computer and those recorded from the detector's display, demonstrating that the computer accurately acquired data from the probe without erroneous loss or addition of data. Interfacing a nonimaging detector to a microcomputer may provide an extremely versatile method of acquiring, storing, and displaying nuclear medicine data.     

用于溶液表面吸附研究的微机软件设计

设计了一种微机快速处理物理化学实验数据的软件。借助该软件和微机，采用人机对话输入原始实验数据，如正丁醇溶液的温度、浓度和表面张力等后，通过曲线拟合法，微机可自动输出正丁醇分子的饱和吸附量、分子截面积等实验结果。与手工处理的曲线切线法相比，本法更简便、快速、准确。新设计的软件可用于溶液表面吸附的科学研究和物理化学实验的计算机辅助教学。     

Accurate quantification of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using water-saturation MRI and computer segmentation: preliminary results

PURPOSE: To describe and evaluate the accuracy of water-saturation MRI and a computer segmentation program for quantification of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI was performed on five patients with whole-volume coverage of the abdomen using two different sequences: 1) a T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo breath-hold sequence (non-water-saturation) and 2) a T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo water-saturation breath-hold sequence (water-saturation). The computer segmentation program analyzed the data and calculated VAT volumes (cm3) from both sequences. The data from one patient were additionally processed with the use of a manual technique. The intrastudy reproducibility of the proposed method using the water-saturation MRI sequence and the computer segmentation technique was tested by repeated measures of the automated system analysis (x 10) on MRI data from a single subject to calculate variability. RESULTS: VAT volumes measured by the water-saturation MRI sequences were consistently greater than those measured by the non-water-saturation sequences. Comparison of VAT volumes derived from the water-saturation images and measured by the computer segmentation technique vs. the manual technique showed good correlation (K = 0.8), with a significant time-saving benefit associated with the automated method (5 minutes vs. 1 hour). There was poor correlation between VAT volume measurement calculated by the manual technique and the computer segmentation technique using non-water-saturation images. The reproducibility of the computer segmentation technique using data derived from water-saturation images was high, with a low variability (+/- 5%). CONCLUSION: The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed method may be able to provide accurate quantification of VAT in a highly reproducible and efficient manner.     

蛋白质组研究中双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱的计算机分析

目的：建立蛋白质组研究中双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ｔｗｏ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｐｏｌｙａｃｒｙｌａｍｉｄｅｇｅｌｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｈｏｒｅｓｉｓ，２－ＤＰＡＧＥ）图谱的计算机分析方法。方法：利用ＩｍａｇｅＭａｓｔｅｒ２－Ｄ分析软件。结果：我们对人肝癌细胞株ＨｅｐＧ２蛋白质组的２－ＤＰＡＧＥ图谱进行了计算机分析，识别了１０００以上的蛋白斑点（其中肉眼可视斑点为４００左右），同时获得了所识别斑点的等电点、相对分子质量、斑点面积、Ｄ值、Ｄ％、斑点体积及相对体积等参数。结论：建立了蛋白质组研究中图像分析体系，为今后蛋白质组２－ＤＰＡＧＥ数据的分析与比较、数据库的建立、蛋白质的功能预测以及大规模斑点的模式识别奠定了基础。     

生物质谱仪高速数据采集系统设计

目的 研制一种采样频率为2 GHz的高速数据采集系统,以满足生物质谱仪对飞行时间的精确测量要求.方法 采用ALTERA STRATIXⅢ系列FPGA作为主控芯片, 配合采样频率可达2 GHz、分辨率为12 bit的高性能ADC芯片,同时外扩512 MB DDR3 SDRAM用于数据缓存,并通过千兆以太网与上位机进行数据交互;此外,在高速数据采集板卡布线和制板时,采用多种方式有效保证信号完整性.结果 对数据采集板卡输入250 MHz高频信号进行2 GHz数据采集,并对采样结果进行数据分析,得到高速数据采集系统的SNR为44.6639,ENOB为7.1,满足设计要求.结论 基于ADC技术的高速数据采集系统是生物质谱数据测量分析的一种快速可靠的路径和方法.     

Sports injury registration: the Fysion Blesreg system.

Fysion Blesreg is a new system on which sports assistants (trainers, masseurs, physiotherapists and physicians) can rely for quick and straightforward registration and retrieval of personalized injury data. Registration of injury data can provide a clear picture of the injury mechanism, which in turn can lead to effective preventive measures and a decline in sports injuries. The two components of the Fysion Blesreg system are registration forms and computer software. Registration forms are filled out when the competition starts (zero form), and when injuries occur (team cards and players' cards). Data are collected for the individual (zero form), the sports activity (team card), and the cause, nature and treatment of the injury (player's card). All data are entered into the computer with an MS-DOS based computer program, and can in various ways be reported or graphically reproduced.     

快速成型技术在颌面头颈外科中的应用

快速成型技术(rapid prototyping,RP)是指在计算机的控制下,利用三维重建数据,短时间内通过材料的堆积制作出物体原型的一种数字化成型技术。近年来在国内外医学多个领域开始应用并迅速发展,但在我国尚未推广,临床应用还存在诸多问题。本文主要从快速成型技术的原理、模型制作过程以及在颌面头颈外科领域中的应用和前景方面作一评述。     

An efficient patient data entry system for a busy computer

The authors describe an independent minicomputer consisting of a CRT and a cassette unit which was designed to store patient data and interact with the main computer at a convenient time. This system permits the computer to handle data entry and treatment planning functions simultaneously. The layout of the overall system, the function of the program and a time analysis of the system are discussed.