Community-based educational intervention on necklace method as a natural family planning amongst reproductive age group women in India

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a community-based educational intervention on necklace method as a natural family planning amongst reproductive age group women. This approach helps women decide on their reproductive health choices and avoid ill health, impact and long-term consequences of unwanted pregnancy that lead to unsafe abortion.MethodsA total of 120 women were selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The knowledge and practice of participants were assessed using the structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist followed by a community-based educational intervention to participants, which covered aspects such as meaning, purposes and criteria; steps of the procedure; and advantages and disadvantages of the necklace method. The methods of teaching were lecture cum discussion and demonstration. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 21.ResultsThe levels of knowledge (t = 14.571, P = 0.023) and practice (t = 14.571, P = 0.026) significantly improved after administering the community-based educational intervention. Knowledge and practice positively correlated with each other (P < 0.05).ConclusionsNurses play a vital role in educating women and creating awareness regarding modern and safe family planning methods. These methods are effective and essential to avoid unwanted pregnancy and thus greatly impact the health of women.     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者支持性照顾需求的研究

目的 探讨妇科恶性肿瘤患者治疗期间支持性照顾需求未满足及需要帮助情况.方法 采用描述性研究设计,用癌症患者支持性照顾需求问卷(Supportive Care Needs Survey,SCNS)对正在接受治疗的100例妇科恶性肿瘤患者进行调查.结果 本组患者支持性照顾需求各维度平均未满足率分别为健康信息维度76.7%、性维度70.7%、心理维度55.2%、生理与日常生活维度48.5%、照顾与支持维度34.1%;患者上述维度需要帮助程度得分依次为(1.40±0.88)分、(1.38±0.71)分、(0.97±0.51)分、(1.01±0.64)分、(0.80±0.65)分.结论 妇科恶性肿瘤患者支持性照顾各方面均有未满足情况,其中健康信息、性方面需要帮助程度较高.患者期望医生传达与病情、治疗有关的决策和信息,期望护士扮演照顾者、指导者、支持者的角色;期望得到病友心理方面的支持与帮助.     

孕产妇围产期服务需求的调查分析

目的了解孕产妇围产期的服务需求。方法在2008年6—8月便利抽取全国7个省,2个直辖市中29家医院2436名孕妇,在产后3—5d即将出院时填写一般资料及自行设计的孕产妇围产期服务需求量表。结果孕产妇围产期服务需求反映在生理需求、心理需求、环境和设备需求及服务需求4个纬度,多数需求条目得分大于3分,处于需要至极需要之间。结论产科护理人员应从孕产妇生理、心理、环境和设备及服务需求4个方面了解孕产妇围产期的需求状况．以便根据孕妇的意愿制订切实可行的服务计划,使围产期保健工作更加深入地开展。     

ICU护士对患者家属需求的认知及相关因素调查

目的 调查ICU护士对家属需求的认知程度及相关因素,以便对护理人员进行有针对性的培养,从而提高ICU的护理质量.方法 采用方便抽样的方法对上海市2所三级甲等医院中的60名ICU护士进行问卷调查.结果 ICU护士对家属需求的认知程度最高的3项为:在第一次进入ICU时,能向家属主动介绍ICU的规章制度,能保证给患者最好的照顾,能用通俗易懂的话向家属解释有关患者的病情;在对探视需求的认识上比较不同学历和不同工作年限的护士均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中本科及本科在读学历和4年以上的认识程度最高;在对于患者病情信息的需求的认识上不同学历和不同工作年限均有差异,本科及本科在读学历和4年以上的认识程度最高(P<0.05);在对于患者家属对ICU条件与环境需求认识程度上仅不同工作年限有统计学意义4年以上的认识程度最高(P<0.05).结论 提高了对不同年龄段及学历层次的ICU护士的针对性培养、完善相关的配套服务措施.     

住院患者出院计划实践工具的范围综述

目的 系统综述国内外住院患者出院计划实践工具相关研究及指南、政府文件。 方法 聚焦出院计划实践工具,系统检索中英文数据库和相关指南、政府网站,各类工具提取的信息包括：作者/发布机构、年份、国家/地区、工具名称、适用对象、工具内容简介和使用时机。 结果 沿患者入院至出院时间轴,将出院计划实践工具分为入院时-评估、住院期间-实施、出院前24 h-核查、出院时-转介和出院后-随访5个类别、共29个促进出院计划顺利实施的工具。 结论 建议卫生保健人员在综合和了解国外出院计划实践工具的基础上,制订和发展适合本国国情和医疗环境的出院计划实践工具,以标准化的工具有效推进出院计划的实施,优化患者结局,提升患者医疗护理服务的延续性。     

Perceptions of family planning among low-income men in Western Kenya

Background:  Men have rarely been involved in either receiving or providing information on sexuality, reproductive health or birth spacing. They have also been ignored or excluded in one way or the other from participating in many family planning programmes as family planning is viewed as a woman's affair.
Aim:  To describe the perceptions of family planning among low-income men in Western Kenya.
Methods:  A qualitative study using focus group interviews and content analysis was conducted, with 64 men aged 15–54 years participating actively.
Findings:  Perceptions of family planning were manifold. For example, some perceived it as meaning having the number of children one is able to provide for. Most men knew about traditional and modern methods of birth control, although their knowledge was poor and misconceived. Modern methods were thought to give side effects, discouraging family planning. Low instances of family planning were also because of the fact that culturally, children are considered wealth. A law advocating family size limitation was regarded as necessary for the future.
Conclusion:  Men's perceptions of family planning are manifold. Their knowledge about contraception is poor and sometimes misconceived. Preferences regarding a child's gender are strong, thus attitudes and cultural beliefs that might hinder family planning have to be considered. A policy on male contraception and contraceptive services is seen as necessary.     

Knowledge,attitude, and practice towards blood donation among health care providers in hospitals at Bahir Dar City,Ethiopia

Like other sub-Saharan Africa, in Ethiopia there is a shortage of adequate and safe blood supplies. Health care providers are potential resource and promoter of voluntary blood donation. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice towards blood donation among health care providers in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. Paper based questionnaire was distributed to 276 health care providers from May 01 to June 30, 2016. Overall, 42.8% had donated blood at least once. Of these, males accounted for 60%. The median age of blood donors was 26 years. Voluntary-unpaid donation was 21.2%. Overall, 75.5% health care providers were knowledgeable. The levels of knowledge were significantly different among different disciplines (One-way ANOVA; F = 69.7; P = 0.004). Males were more knowledgeable than females (P < 0.05). The overall favorable attitude was 78.6%. Previous practice of blood donation determined the odds of favorable attitude to be a future regular voluntary-unpaid blood donor (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 3.2–10.4). Majority of health care providers had adequate knowledge and favorable attitude. However, voluntary-unpaid donation practice (21.1%) was lower compared to 100% target of voluntary-unpaid donation. There should be motivation packages to enhance voluntary-unpaid blood donation among health care professionals.     

家庭养老服务中心养老护理员对老年护理知识的认知与需求

目的 了解家庭养老服务中心养老护理员对老年护理知识的认知和需求情况.方法 采用自行设计的调查表,调查大连市4所家庭养老服务中心75名养老护理员对老年护理知识的认知和需求情况.结果 本组75名养老护理员对老年护理知识的认知得分为18-42（29.96±5.16）分,73名（97.3%）养老护理员认为自己需要学习老年护理相关知识.结论 社区养老护理员对相关老年护理知识了解不够,为了适应社区养老护理发展的需求,有必要对养老护理员组织系统培训.     

类风湿关节炎住院妇女生活质量及相关因素

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthritis,RA)住院妇女生活质量及其相关因素。方法采用无记名调查问卷的方式,应用WHO生活质量量表简体中文版(WHOQOL-BREF),对在合肥市三家医院风湿科住院接受治疗的妇女进行生活质量评定。结果RA患者生活质量各领域得分均低下,生理领域得分是(10.50±2.58),社会领域得分(13.40±2.49),心理领域得分(11.60±2.63),环境领域得分(12.17±2.16)。影响生活质量的社会人口学特征有文化程度、婚姻状况、关节有无畸形、既往有无非正规治疗,目前身体功能状况、目前居住地;患者疼痛、身体疲劳、应付方式、社会支持和婚姻调适和生活质量相关联。经Logistic回归分析,进入生活质量方程的变量有文化程度、目前身体功能分级、屈服、关节畸形和社会支持。结论在对患者生活质量干预时应注意患者对疾病采用的应对方式,发挥家庭和社会的作用,达到事半功倍的效果。     

郑州市社区居民预立医疗照护计划认知及态度的现状调查

目的 调查郑州市社区居民预立医疗照护计划（advance care planning,ACP）认知及态度现状并分析影响因素,为ACP的推广实施提供参考。 方法 2018年11月—2019年5月,采用分阶段随机抽样法对郑州市4个社区的342名居民进行问卷调查。采用Logistic回归分析探讨影响社区居民对ACP采取积极态度的因素。 结果 郑州市社区居民对ACP认知总得分为0~5[0（0,1）]分;态度总得分为15~62[40（26,49）]分。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、有在医院照护亲友经历、有亲友接受生命维持治疗经历是影响郑州市社区居民ACP态度的因素（P<0.05）。 结论 郑州市社区居民ACP认知处于较低水平,整体态度较积极。高龄、有在医院照护亲友以及有亲友接受生命维持治疗经历的社区居民对ACP态度较积极。医护人员应与相关团体共同合作促进ACP概念的普及,提高接受度;为不同特征群体提供针对性的教育与服务,促进预立医疗照护计划的实施。     

Family carers for older relatives: sources of satisfaction and related factors in Finland

This study focuses on sources of satisfaction among family carers for older relatives and related factors in Finland. It is part of a major international project concerned with the coping of family carers in four countries. The results reported here are based on questionnaire data collected among 290 family carers from three Finnish towns. The questionnaire included the Carer's Assessment of Satisfaction Index (CASI) developed by Nolan and Grant (1992). The data were processed using SPSS statistical software. The results suggest that carers derived most satisfaction from seeing they could help their relative feel more comfortable, making them feel needed and wanted. Among factors relating to interpersonal dynamics, carers felt that this is one way in which they can show their love for the person they cared for. The family carer's as well as the dependent person's gender, the family carer's age, care burden and general life satisfaction were associated with sources of satisfaction. The results are compared with earlier findings on family carers' sources of satisfaction in Sweden and the UK. Implications for policy and practice are considered.     

健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为及相关知识的影响

目的:探讨健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为以及相关知识的影响。方法:此次临床研究主要抽取我社区180名妇女为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和试验组各90名,对照组采用常规干预,试验组在常规干预的基础上增加健康教育。比较两组妇女健康知识知晓情况以及妇女乳腺癌筛查行为。结果:试验组妇女的健康知识知晓情况以及乳腺癌筛查行为均高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为以及相关知识知晓度具有促进效果,值得推广和普及。     

Urinary incontinence prevalence and risk factors in women aged 20 and over in Malatya

The purpose of this population‐based cross‐sectional study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI) in women over 20 years old. The study was conducted with 800 women and the participants were stratified by age and residence. The data obtained from the study revealed that prevalence of UI was 32·4%, while the most frequently encountered type of UI was mixed urinary incontinence (72·6%). Logistic regression analysis results demonstrated the most important risk factors for UI as aging [≥50, Odds ratio (OR) 2·94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·68–5·13], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2·90, 95% CI 1·15–7·34) and recurrent urinary tract infections (OR 3·30, 95% CI 1·94–5·61).     

慢性病患者预立医疗照护计划准备度及其影响因素的研究

目的了解慢性病患者预立医疗照护计划(advance care planning,ACP)准备度现状及影响因素,为ACP实施提供参考。方法采用预立医疗照护计划准备度量表、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷、维克森林医师信任量表中文修订版、世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表简表中文版等调查工具对在北京市2所社区卫生服务中心便利选取的168例慢性病患者进行调查。采用多元线性逐步回归分析ACP准备度的影响因素。结果 168例慢性病患者ACP准备度得分为(87.48±12.96)分,消极应对、积极应对、就医信任度、病程持续时间、照顾临终亲属经历是慢性病患者ACP准备度的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论慢性病患者ACP准备度处于中等偏上水平,医护人员应识别病程较长、有照顾临终亲属经历的慢性病患者,促进就医信任度,指导患者采取积极应对方式,以进一步提高患者ACP准备度。