Is the short‐term outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate affected by preoperative degree of bladder outlet obstruction,status of detrusor contractility or detrusor overactivity?

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the preoperative degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), detrusor underactivity (DUA) or detrusor overactivity (DO) affected the short-term outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). METHODS: Ninety-two patients with LUTS/BPH aged 50 years or older who were considered to be appropriate candidates for TURP were included in this study. Pressure-flow study and filling cystometry were performed to determine BOO, DUA and DO before TURP. The efficacy of TURP was determined at 3 months after surgery using the efficacy criteria for treatment of BPH assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score, QOL index, maximum flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume. RESULTS: On preoperative urodynamics, 60%, 40% and 48% of patients showed BOO, DUA and DO, respectively. After TURP, 76% showed 'excellent' or 'good' overall efficacy, whereas only 13% fell into the 'poor/worse' category. The efficacy was higher as the preoperative degree of BOO worsened. In contrast, neither DO nor DUA influenced the outcome of TURP. However, the surgery likely provided unfavorable efficacy for patients having DO but not BOO. Only 20% of the patients who had both DO and DUA but did not have BOO achieved efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral resection of the prostate is an effective surgical procedure for treatment of LUTS/BPH, especially for patients with BOO. DUA may not be a contraindication for TURP. The surgical indication should be circumspect for patients who do not have BOO but have DO.     

前列腺增生伴逼尿肌无力患者电切术治疗后的临床分析

目的 探讨良性前列腺增生（BPH）膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）致膀胱逼尿肌收缩功能无力（DU）患者的临床诊断及治疗方式.方法 2006年1月至2010年12月经治的60例BPH老年患者,均行经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）.根据逼尿肌收缩压力（Pdet）分为4组：A组逼尿肌正常组（Pdet＞ 40 cm H2O）,B组逼尿肌无力组（Pdet＜40 cm H2O）,再将B组细分为：B1组（轻度逼尿肌无力组）（20 cm H2O ＜Pdet＜40 cm H2O）及B2组（重度逼尿肌无力组）（Pdet＜20 cm H2O）,分别对其术后的排尿症状进行了2～6年的随访.结果 统计学比较术后A、B组间及B1、B2组间的生活质量评分（QOL）、排尿梗阻症状及刺激症状,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 BPH患者BOO解除后,逼尿肌功能状态可能并不影响下尿路症状（LUTs）的改善.因此对BPH合并DU的患者进行必要的沟通后行手术治疗解除梗阻,可改善患者生活质量.     

Predictive value of resistive index, detrusor wall thickness and ultrasound estimated bladder weight regarding the outcome after transurethral prostatectomy for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction

Objectives: To evaluate the value of three parameters from preoperative ultrasonography in predicting the outcome of transurethral prostatectomy in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction. Methods: A total of 239 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction entering our department for surgical therapy were prospectively recruited. All of them underwent both ultrasound and urodynamics before receiving standard transurethral prostatectomy by the same team of surgeons. For 202 patients, 6‐month follow‐up data were available after the surgery, including the International Prostate Symptom Score, the Quality of Life score and the maximum flow rate. Preoperative data stratified by different degree of recovery were compared and the influence of ultrasound parameters on the surgical outcome was analyzed by using logistic regression and receiver–operator characteristic curve analyses. Results: Baseline transitional zone index, intravesical prostatic protrusion, resistive index, detrusor wall thickness and ultrasonic estimation of bladder weight were significantly different between patients with an effective outcome and those with an ineffective outcome (P < 0.05). Resistive index, detrusor wall thickness and ultrasonic estimation of bladder weight were selected as independent factors correlated with the efficacy of transurethral prostatectomy by logistic regression (P < 0.05). All three factors had adequate area under receiver–operator characteristic curve with resistive index having the largest area (0.816, 95% CI 0.759–0.874). The combined positive predictive value in effective surgical outcome of resistive index, detrusor wall thickness and ultrasonic estimation was 96.3%. Conclusions: Resistive index, detrusor wall thickness and ultrasonic estimation adequately predict the outcome of transurethral prostatectomy. Measuring these parameters by preoperative ultrasound might aid in determining the need for surgical intervention.     

经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术和传统电切术治疗BPH的疗效比较

目的:比较经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术和等离子刀经尿道传统电切术治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效,并对分离电切术进行研究。方法:2005年9月至2010年8月,收集81例BPH患者,随机分为2组。单盲法,行经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术40例,行等离子刀经尿道传统电切术41例;比较2组年龄、术前超声测量前列腺体积、手术中切除腺体重量、手术时间、术中出血、术后带尿管时间、术前及术后IPSS评分(国际前列腺症状评分)。结果:两组病例仅术后IPSS评分比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),分离电切组与传统电切组IPSS评分分别为(8.70±1.13)分和(9.95±1.54)分。结论:经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术和等离子刀经尿道传统电切术比较,经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术临床疗效更为显著。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后下尿路症状改善的原因分析

目的分析存在下尿路症状（lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS）的男性患者接受经尿道前列腺电切（transurethral resection of prostate,TURP）术后症状改善的原因。方法对2006年3月至2010年2月于北京朝阳区院接受TURP手术后症状改善的65例患者进行回顾性分析。记录术前国际前列腺症状评分（international prostate symptom score,IPSS）和生活质量（quality of life,QOL）评分,尿流率,残余尿及压力一流率检查的各项数据,术后随访并再次记录上述指标。按术前存在膀胱过度活动症（overactive bladder,OAB）及膀胱出口梗阻（bladder outlet obstruction,BOO）与否,分别将患者分为OAB组（n=34）与非OAB亚组（n=31）,及B00（n=48）与非B00亚组（n=17）。结果65例患者TURP术中无明显并发症发生,术后5例患者前尿道狭窄,19例逆向射精,11例急迫性尿失禁加重,分别给予针对性处理后症状缓解。整体患者术前、术后相应数据的配对t检验结果显示：术前IPSS评分22．67±4．92,术后IPSS10．51±5．79;术前刺激评分10．27土3．53,术后刺激评分6．32±3．45;术前梗阻评分12．13±3．92,术后梗阻评分4．19±3．33;术前QOL评分4．57±0．89,术后QOL评分2．27±1．30;术前尿流率（5．78±2．91）mL／s,术后尿流率（12．39±5．17）mL／s,术前残余尿（98．98±16．27）mL和术后残余尿（34．43±18．61）mL的配对t检验结果均有显著性意义（P〈0．01）,进一步分析两个亚组的相应数据具有统计学意义。站论前列腺增生导致下尿路症状的男性患者经尿道前列腺电切手术前后IPSS评分（刺激评分及梗阻评分）,生活质量评分均有显著变化;术前存在B00（伴或不伴OAB）的患者可于TURP术后症状改善、无或可疑BOO的患者也可试行TURP手术,术后症状也有望改善。     

经尿道前列腺切除联合去势治疗伴膀胱出口梗阻的晚期前列腺癌

目的探讨经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）联合去势治疗伴膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）的晚期前列腺癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2001年6月~2007年8月我院采用经尿道前列腺切除术与双侧睾丸切除术及内分泌治疗26例晚期前列腺癌患者的临床资料。结果经尿道前列腺切除手术时间35～125min，平均75min，切除前列腺重量15～55g，平均26g，出血量40～200mL，平均90mL，均未输血；随访2～5年，2年内死亡2例．5年内死亡10例，9例生存至今，失访5例。结论对于全身情况较差、伴有膀胱出口梗阻的晚期前列腺癌患者，经尿道前列腺切除术联合去势治疗是安全有效的方法之一。     

The natural history of lower urinary tract dysfunction in men: minimum 10-year urodynamic followup of transurethral resection of prostate for bladder outlet obstruction

PURPOSE: Despite long-term symptomatic and uroflowmetry studies following transurethral prostate resection (TURP) there are sparse pressure flow data. Consequently there is minimal information to account for the long-term symptomatic failure and flow rate decrease seen with time following early improvements after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Men older than 45 years who were investigated at our department between 1972 and 1986, diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction and elected surgical intervention were invited for repeat symptomatic and urodynamic assessment. Identical methods were used, allowing direct comparison of results. RESULTS: A total of 1,068 men were initially diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction, of whom 428 (40%) died in the interim. Of the men who were followed 217 underwent TURP with a mean followup since surgery of 13.0 years. A significant, sustained decrease in the majority of symptoms and improvements of urodynamic parameters was seen. Long-term symptomatic failure and decreased flow rate were principally associated with detrusor under activity (DUA) rather than obstruction. Presentation predictive factors for the future development of DUA were decreased detrusor contractility and a lesser degree of obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: This unique long-term study provides valuable information on surgically treated bladder outlet obstruction. The association of long-term failure following surgery with DUA emphasizes the importance of pressure flow studies before repeat surgery. However, our faith in the long-term efficacy of TURP is justified.     

Analysis of prognostic factors regarding the outcome after a transurethral resection for symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement

AIMS: To identify preoperative predictive variables regarding treatment outcomes following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 384 patients of 1,397 men who had undergone TURP for symptomatic BPE. All the patients had completed the evaluation of International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS), and quality of life (QOL) index, and had undergone full urodynamics before the surgery. Outcomes were assessed at 12 months after surgery. The association between baseline variables and the improvement in outcome variables was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Preoperative urodynamic abnormalities included bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in 315 (82.0%), detrusor underactivity in 91 (23.7%), and detrusor overactivity (DO) in 160 (41.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of DO and a higher degree of BOO were both associated with postoperative improvement both in I-PSS and the QOL. The initial level of storage symptoms correlated with an improvement in the QOL. CONCLUSIONS: The association between those variables obtained by preoperatively performed urodynamic analysis and the degree of improvement in lower urinary tract symptom and QOL following TURP was statistically elucidated in a large number of patients with symptomatic BPE. A higher degree of baseline BOO positively predicts the postoperative improvement in I-PSS and QOL, while the baseline DO negatively predict it.     

Clinical diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: reliability of commonly measured parameters and the role of idiopathic detrusor overactivity

AIMS: There is no generally accepted consensus how to evaluate patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). We have tried to determine whether the most frequently used objective variables as prostate volume, IPS-score, maximum flow rate, residual urine volume, functional bladder capacity, and pressure-flow study are reliable for diagnosis of BOO and we investigated the influence of idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) on this condition. METHODS: A total of 153 men with LUTS and suspected BOO were systematically examined with routine investigation including digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), post-void residual urine volume measurement, uroflowmetry, and pressure-flow study. All patients completed IPS-score. Patients were divided into groups based on Sch?fer's grade of obstruction and incidence of IDO and clinical and urodynamical variables were compared. RESULTS: At baseline, 45.8% of the patients were urodynamically moderately obstructed and 37.9% were found to be severely obstructed. The grade of obstruction did not correlate with age. Prostate volume, post-void residual volume (PVR), and maximum flow rate correlated significantly with the degree of obstruction. The mean IPS-score remained almost unchanged throughout all obstruction groups. The incidence of IDO was 40.5% and increased from 16% in the minor obstruction group to 38.6% and 53.4% in the moderate and severe obstruction group, respectively. The patients with IDO were older, had larger prostates and were more obstructed. There was no impact of IDO on symptomatology of BOO. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that IPS-score does not achieve sufficient diagnostic accuracy and its role in the assessment of BOO is limited. The grade of obstruction is more related to prostate volume, PVR, and maximum flow rate. BOO and IDO seem to be related and have numerous mutual interactions.     

两种经尿道前列腺切除术治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效比较

目的比较经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）与经尿道双极等离子前列腺切除术（PKRP）治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的优缺点。方法分别采用TURP（357例）、PKRP（326例）治疗BPH,观察两组患者手术前后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOLS）、最大尿流率（MFR）、残余尿（RUV）的改善情况以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果两种术式患者术后IPSS、QOLS、MFR、RUV均得到显著改善,组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。对Ⅰ～Ⅱ度前列腺增生,两组术式手术时间无差异;对Ⅲ度前列腺增生,TURP组手术时间短于PKRP组（P〈0．01）。两组术式术中切除前列组织重量、术中出血及术后主要观察指标差异均无显著性。TURP组3例发生电切综合症,2例因前列腺包膜穿孔中转开放手术,而PKRP组无上述情况发生。PKRP组术后并发症少于TURP组。结论TURP及PKRP均为治疗BPH的有效手段,PKRP较之TURP术中更为安全,手术后并发症较少,但手术时间较长。     

经尿道前列腺切除治疗晚期前列腺癌并膀胱出口梗阻的疗效分析

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺切除在晚期前列腺癌并膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)治疗中的作用,分析经尿道前列腺切除对患者生存时间及生活质量的影响。方法:对2001～2004年间诊断为晚期前列腺癌并BOO的患者223例进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方法分为手术组(经尿道前列腺切除加内分泌治疗)127例,单纯内分泌治疗组96例。分别在术后3、12、24个月对两组患者的IPSS评分、最大尿流率、PSA、剩余尿量、疾病相关死亡和进展人数进行统计分析。结果:手术组IPSS评分和最大尿流率在术后3个月明显低于单纯内分泌治疗组(P<0.05)。两组患者在各时间点上的PSA、剩余尿量、疾病相关死亡人数和疾病进展人数的差异无统计学意义。手术组术后有不同比例的尿道狭窄、血尿、尿路感染和尿失禁发生。结论:经尿道前列腺切除加内分泌治疗晚期前列腺癌并BOO的患者,在短期内可以迅速降低IPSS评分,提高尿流率,改善生活质量;远期效果与单纯内分泌治疗相当。同时,手术本身也可能带来一些并发症,困扰患者的正常生活。     

Comparison of long-term results of transurethral incision of the prostate with transurethral resection of the prostate, in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy

One hundred patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) were randomized to transurethral incision (TUIP) or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The average prostate weight before operation was not more than 30.0 g. Indications for the operations were based on the disease history, physical examination, digital rectal examination, laboratory values, and pressure-flow examination. All operations were performed with patients under spinal anesthesia. TUIP was performed with a Collins knife, and TURP was performed with a resectoscope. Follow-up was performed 24 months after the operations. After treatment there were statistically significant daytime and nocturnal reduction in voiding frequencies of 2.9 and 1.7, respectively, after TUIP, and 2.0 and 1.5 after TURP. In both groups, there occurred significantly better maximal flow rate from 7.6 mL/s to 16.9 mL/s in group I and from 6.9 mL/s to 17.6 mL/s in group II. The mean values of linearized passive urethral resistance relation in both groups significantly decreased from 3.6 +/- 0.6 to 1.0 +/- 0.5 after TUIP and from 3.9 +/- 04 to 1.4 +/- 0.5 after TURP. The TUIP procedure is effective and safe for patients with a small number of complications.     

经尿道等离子前列腺汽化电切术与经尿道前列腺电切术的近期疗效比较

目的比较经尿道等离子前列腺汽化电切术（TUPKRP）与经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）的近期疗效。方法将前列腺增生（benign prostatic hyperplasia，BPH）患者随机分为两组，分别行TUPKRP和TURP，比较两组术前和术后6个月检查的各项指标并进行统计学分析。结果术前两组一般情况比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；术后6个月两组国际前列腺症状评分、生活质量评分、最大尿流率比术前均得到明显改善（P〈0．01）；术中输血量、电切综合征发生率、术后平均膀胱冲洗时间、置管时间和住院时间，TUPKRP组明显小于TURP组（P〈0．01）。结论TUPKRP治疗BPH具有与TURP近期疗效相似；术中并发症发生率及患者术后恢复时间明显少于TURP，有良好的应用前景。