PBC-AIH重叠综合征临床与病理特征:一项回顾性研究

目的 通过回顾性分析研究比较原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)-自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)重叠综合征与单纯的PBC患者的临床、生化和免疫学指标以及组织学特征.方法 经我院诊断的PBC患者按目前的PBC诊断标准再评估,共计48例入选.同时用修订的国际自身免疫性肝炎协作组(International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group,IAIH-G)积分系统进行评估积分,对于AMA阳性且治疗前积分至少达到10分者,定义为PBC-AIH重叠综合征.对两组病人的临床表现、生化和免疫学指标以及组织学特征进行分析.结果 17例患者(女性占16例)为PBC-AIH重叠综合征,31例(女性占30例)不具有重叠AIH的特点为单纯PBC.PBC-AIH重叠综合征最常见的临床表现为乏力或疲劳(58.8%)、纳差(23.5%)及黄疸(23.5%).与PBC患者相比,重叠综合征患者在确诊时的平均年龄、免疫球蛋白IgM、血清ALP和GGT水平无统计学差异;而血清转氨酶水平(ALT和AST分别为:165.0±25.9 vs 87.1±8.7、177.5±32.3 vs 86.3±10.9,P均<0.01)、球蛋白和IgG水平显著升高.组织学分析提示,所有的重叠综合征患者存在中-重度界面性肝炎或碎屑样坏死,82.4%的患者存在肝细胞玫瑰花环样改变,64.7%的患者同时存在胆管病变.结论 PBC-AIH重叠综合征患者血清转氨酶水平和IgG水平明显高于单纯PBC患者,组织学主要特征为中.重度界面性肝炎、肝细胞玫瑰花环样改变以及同时伴有胆管病变.     

Development of autoimmune hepatitis in primary biliary cirrhosis.

AIM/BACKGROUND: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown aetiology. Up to 10% of patients with typical features of PBC will have additional features of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). A subset, however, have no such features but go on to develop a 'sequential' AIH overlap syndrome. Objectives: Describe our experience with eight patients who developed AIH after the diagnosis of PBC was made. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of all PBC patients over a 9-year period (from 1996 to 2005). Only PBC patients with no features of AIH were included. RESULTS: There were 1476 patients with PBC. Of these, eight patients developed features of AIH overlap syndrome based on biochemical and histological parameters. Treatment included prednisone and azathioprine for 24 or more months. The majority of patients remained on ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) throughout treatment. Response to therapy was defined by improvement in enzymes, and was rapid for all patients. One patient was able to discontinue treatment with prednisone and azathioprine, while seven have continued on therapy to date. CONCLUSIONS: A 'sequential' overlap syndrome of AIH with PBC can occur. Treatment with prednisone and azathioprine may lead to a rapid improvement in aminotransferase levels.     

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of primary biliary cholangitis in a highly admixed population

Introduction and objectivesLittle is known about primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in non-whites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical features and outcomes of PBC in a highly admixed population.Material and methodsThe Brazilian Cholestasis Study Group multicentre database was reviewed to assess demographics, clinical features and treatment outcomes of Brazilian patients with PBC.Results562 patients (95% females, mean age 51 ± 11 years) with PBC were included. Concurrent autoimmune diseases and overlap with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) occurred, respectively, in 18.9% and 14%. After a mean follow-up was 6.2 ± 5.3 years, 32% had cirrhosis, 7% underwent liver transplantation and 3% died of liver-related causes. 96% were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and 12% required add-on therapy with fibrates, either bezafibrate, fenofibrate or ciprofibrate. Response to UDCA and to UDCA/fibrates therapy varied from 39%-67% and 42-61%, respectively, according to different validated criteria. Advanced histological stages and non-adherence to treatment were associated with primary non-response to UDCA, while lower baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels correlated with better responses to both UDCA and UDCA/fibrates.Conclusions: Clinical features of PBC in highly admixed Brazilians were similar to those reported in Caucasians and Asians, but with inferior rates of overlap syndrome with AIH. Response to UDCA was lower than expected and inversely associated with histological stage and baseline AST and ALP levels. Most of patients benefited from add-on fibrates, including ciprofibrate. A huge heterogeneity in response to UDCA therapy according to available international criteria was observed and reinforces the need of global standardization.     

Primary biliary cirrhosis - Autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: A rationale for corticosteroids use based on a nation-wide retrospective study in Japan

Aims: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may simultaneously coexist in some patients, designated as PBC‐AIH overlap syndrome. Previous studies suggest that combination therapy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and corticosteroids may be effective. In the current study, we aimed to describe clinical features of these cases and to propose a rationale for combination treatment in PBC‐AIH overlap. Methods: We enrolled patients with PBC‐AIH overlap from eight referral centers for liver diseases in Japan, and clinical, biochemical and immunological features were examined. Liver histology of all patients at diagnosis were analyzed altogether in detail. Eighty‐nine and 44 patients with PBC and AIH alone were included and served as controls. Results: We identified 33 patients with PBC‐AIH overlap. The mean follow‐up period was 6.1 years. On liver histology, the HA (hepatitis activity) score was significantly higher than the CA (cholangitis activity) score (P < 0.001). At the end of the follow‐up period, corticosteroids were used in 23 patients (72%), and neither liver‐related death nor liver transplantation had been noted. The sensitivity and specificity of the simplified AIH scoring system for prediction of patients who required corticosteroids during clinical course was 92% and 75% in the training set (n = 17), and 91% and 80% in the validation set (n = 16) of overlap. Only 3% of PBC patients were diagnosed as having indication for corticosteroid use. Conclusion: In PBC‐AIH overlap, AIH‐like features are dominant in liver histology. The simplified AIH scoring system could predict patients who needed corticosteroids with a higher specificity.     

自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎及其重叠综合征患者临床特征比较*

目的 比较自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)和AIH/PBC重叠综合征(AIH/PBC OS)患者临床特征的异同。方法 2017年12月～2019年2月南通市第三人民医院收治的92例自身免疫性肝病患者中包括AIH 35例、PBC 30例和AIH/PBC OS 27例,记录临床表现和血液化验资料并比较三组的异同。结果 AIH、PBC和AIH/PBC OS患者年龄、性别、体质指数和病程比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05);三组乏力、腹胀、纳差、发热和皮肤瘙痒发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05);PBC和AIH/PBC OS患者黄疸更深,血清ALP和GGT水平更高,而AIH患者血清ALT和AST水平更高 (P<0.05);AIH患者凝血功能指标TT显著长于其他两组(P<0.05);AIH患者外周血Hb水平显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);AIH患者血清ASMA阳性率为14.3%,显著高于其他两组的0.0%和0.0%(P<0.05),PBC和AIH/PBC OS患者血清AMA/AMA-M2阳性率分别为93.3%和92.6%,而AIH患者为0.0%(P<0.05);三组血清免疫球蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),三组合并甲状腺功能亢进、系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、类风湿性关节炎、2型糖尿病和慢性肾小球肾炎方面差异,也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 AIH、PBC和AIH/PBC OS患者具有相似的临床症状和体征,但血生化指标、自身抗体表现各有特征,了解这些特征对临床提高诊断和治疗水平将有很大的帮助。     

Clinical and pathological characteristics of the autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The defining of the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) overlap syndrome as a separate clinicopathological entity has been controversial and temporally and geographically subjective. METHODS: From 1979 until 2000, 227 patients diagnosed with AIH, PBC or the overlap thereof were treated. Cases with genuine AIH/PBC overlap syndrome were sorted out using close clinical follow up and serial liver biopsies. RESULTS: Of the 227 patients, 19 (8.4%) were diagnosed with the AIH/PBC overlap syndrome. They all cleared a score >10 for the diagnosis of AIH, and tested positive for antimitochondrial antibodies during their courses. Long-term follow up with frequent histological examinations, however, established the diagnosis of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome in only two (0.8%) patients. The most powerful factor distinguishing AIH from PBC was acidophilic bodies in lobules that were detected significantly more frequently in patients with AIH than PBC or spurious overlap syndrome (39/46 [85%]vs 3/85 [4%], P < 0.001). It was more reliable than bile-duct lesions for the distinction of PBC from AIH. CONCLUSIONS: Although AIH/PBC overlap syndrome does exist, it is infrequent and needs to be diagnosed carefully using close clinical and histological follow up to enable timely and effective treatment.     

Overlap syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective study of 115 cases of autoimmune liver disease

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare clinical, biological, and histological features and treatment response in 115 patients with overlap syndrome (OS), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS: Consecutive patients with AIH, PBC or OS followed between 1984 and 2005 in five different centers were included. All data were re-evaluated using current diagnostic criteria of each disease. RESULTS: Fifteen patients had OS (13 females), 48 AIH (40 females) and 52 PBC (49 females). Patients with OS were significantly younger than patients with PBC (median age: 44 vs 59 years). Jaundice (20%) and pruritus (20%) were the main initial symptoms in OS. Patients with OS had serum transaminase and gammaglobulin levels significantly higher than patients with PBC; serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and IgM levels were significantly higher in OS than in patients with AIH. Histological analysis showed moderate or severe piecemeal necrosis in 86% and destructive cholangitis in 93% in OS group. Among 11 patients with OS treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or immunosuppressors alone, only 6 had a complete biochemical response. In contrast, all patients with OS receiving combined therapy, as first or second line, responded, 5 patients to the combination corticosteroids-azathioprine-UDCA and 2 to the combination cyclosporine-UDCA. CONCLUSION: OS is not rare and accounts for 13.9% of patients with autoimmune liver disease in our series. Combination of immunosuppressors and UDCA appears the most efficient treatment in these patients.     

Biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid predicts long‐term outcome in Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Aim: There is an ongoing need for predictors of long‐term outcomes for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been introduced to predict development of symptoms by our group (Ehime criteria) and to predict long‐term outcomes in Western countries (Paris, Barcelona and Rotterdam criteria). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these criteria are also useful to predict long‐term outcomes in Japanese patients with PBC. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for 227 Japanese patients with PBC. Patients taking UDCA with an observation period of more than 6 months were included in the study. Data collection included demographics, biochemical and serological markers, and histological stage. Four different criteria regarding biochemical response to UDCA were compared and evaluated. Results: In total, 138 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent analysis. Using the Ehime criteria, the transplant‐free survival rate was significantly higher in responders than in non‐responders (P = 0.010). The Paris criteria also predicted long‐term outcomes in our population (P = 0.003), whereas the Barcelona and Rotterdam criteria showed no such association (P = 0.282 and P = 0.553, respectively). Conclusion: Good biochemical response to UDCA according to the Ehime and Paris criteria is associated with long‐term outcome in Japanese patients with PBC and allows identification of non‐responders who may benefit from further trials. Finally, Ehime criteria should be validated in a different patient cohort.     

164例自身免疫性肝病临床分析

目的 分析比较自身免疫性肝炎（autoimmune hepatitis，AIH）、原发性胆汁性肝硬化（primary biliary cirrhosis，PBC）、原发性硬化性胆管炎（primary sclerosing cholangltis）及其重叠综合征的临床特点、生化特征和治疗反应，提高对自身免疫性肝病的认识。方法对77例AIH患者、46例PBC患者、11例PSC患者和30例PBC-AIH重叠综合征患者的临床及实验室检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果除PSC外，大多数自身免疫性肝病多发于中年女性，从出现症状到明确诊断平均需要2．5年。AIH、PBC-AIH重叠患者具有较高的转氨酶，PBC、PSC具有较明显的GGT、ALP升高。临床表现上AIH、PBC、PSC、AIH-PBC黄疸发生率分别为84％、78％、90％和67％，皮肤瘙痒的发生率分别为43％、56％、81％和60％。PSC和AIH-PBC具有较高的AIH评分，27％的PSC患者和33％AIH-PBC的评分达到可能的AIH。合理应用UDCA和免疫抑制剂可使90％的PBC和AIH患者症状在六个月内得到缓解、肝功能恢复明显改善。结论 AIH、PBC-AIH的肝功能异常以转氨酶升高为主，PBC、PSC以胆汁淤积为主。应用AIH评分系统诊断可能的AIH时应注意鉴别PSC及其它自身免疫性肝病。UDCA和免疫抑制剂可改善绝大多数患者的症状和肝功能异常。     

Autoimmune liver disease - are there spectra that we do not know?

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) are common leading causes for liver cirrhosis and terminal stage of liver disease. They have variable prevalence among patients with liver disease and have two major clinical and biochemical presentations. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is the typical example of hepatocellular AILD, but it can also be presented under a cholestatic pattern. AIH has a scoring diagnostic system and respond in most cases to the treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the second most common AILD, with a cholestatic presentation and characterized by positive antimitochondrial antibody (AMA). It has an excellent response and long term outcome with the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Another AILD that is thought to be a variant of PBC is the autoimmune cholangitis, being a disease that has biochemical and histological features similar to PBC; but the AMA is negative. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare entity of AILD that has a cholestatic presentation and respond poorly to the treatment, with the ultimate progression to advance liver cirrhosis in most patients. Other forms of AILD include the overlap syndromes (OS), which are diseases with mixed immunological and histological patterns of two AILD; the most commonly recognized one is AIH-PBC overlap (AIH-PSC overlap is less common). The treatment of OS involves the trial of UDCA and different immunosuppressants. Here we present three case reports of unusual forms of chronic liver diseases that most likely represent AILD. The first two patients had a cholestatic picture, whereas the third one had a hepatocellular picture at presentation. We discussed their biochemical, immunological and histological features as well as their response to treatment and their outcomes. Then, we compared them with other forms of AILD.     

自身免疫性肝病活检组织病理学特征分析109例

目的:分析比较自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)、原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)及其重叠综合征的组织病理学变化,提高对自身免疫性肝病(AILD)的认识.方法:对27例AIH、67例PBC、4例PSC、1例AIH-PSC重叠综合征和10例AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者的肝穿组织病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果:AILD患者多发于中年女性(73.3%),肝组织病理变化以界面性肝炎为主(77.7%),在重度患者则出现重度界面性肝炎、桥样坏死等.PBC患者早期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)占28.3%,而晚期(Ⅲ、Ⅳ)占71.7%,肝组织病理变化以小胆管减少甚至消失为主(62.6%).AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者并非罕见,他的肝组织病理学具有AIH和PBC的双重特征.结论:AILD是非病毒性肝病的重要组成部分,其诊断需综合临床表现、生化、免疫指标和组织学变化.     

Diagnosing clinical subsets of autoimmune liver diseases based on a multivariable model

Background Diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis, and other autoimmune liver diseases remains an imperfect process. We need a more accurate, evidence-based diagnostic system. Methods We conducted a national survey and identified 988 cases of liver disease which did not satisfy the inclusion criteria for any liver disease of known etiology. We expected these cases to include autoimmune liver disease (AILD) and its variant forms. We selected 269 prototype cases for which histological re-evaluation of liver biopsy by independent expert hepatopathologists and the original diagnosis coincided. We did a multiple logistic regression analysis to determine explanatory variables that would distinguish cases of AIH and PBC from those of non-AIH and non-PBC, respectively. We constructed a multivariable diagnostic formula that gave AIH and PBC disease probabilities and validated it in a study of an additional 371 cases (validation group). Results Based on the results of the statistical analysis, we selected three laboratory tests and four histological features as independent variables correlated to the diagnosis of both AIH and PBC. For the validation group, assuming that the original diagnosis was correct, the sensitivity and specificity for AIH were 86.3% and 92.4%, respectively. For PBC the sensitivity and specificity were 82.5% and 63.7%, respectively. A detailed analysis of inconsistent cases showed that the diagnosis based on the formula had given the correct diagnosis, for either AIH or PBC, except for 5 cases (1.3%) in which disease probability was low for both. Conclusions A seven-variable formula based on three laboratory tests and four histological features gives significant information for the diagnosis of AILD.     

熊去氧胆酸治疗无重叠和有重叠特征原发性胆汁性肝硬化的疗效及生存分析

目的观察熊去氧胆酸（ursodeoxyeholicacid,UDCA）对具有自身免疫性肝炎（autoimmunehepatitis,AIH）重叠特征的原发性胆汁性肝硬化（Drimarybiliarycirrhosis．PBC）和单纯PBC患者的疗效以及对生存期的影响。方法回顾性分析20例因PBC死亡的患者,以患者死亡为研究终点,采用简化评分标准进行分组。其中12例诊断可能为AIH,将此12例具重叠特征和8例无重叠特征的PBC患者分别进行研究,分析2组在UDCA初治及研究终点时的临床特征、UDCA治疗的生化学应答及生存期情况。结果2组在UDCA治疗基线的PLT、ALP、GGT、ALT、AST、ALB、TBIL、TBA、CRE、PT、INR水平及梅奥风险评分差异均无统计学意义,而抗核抗体或抗平滑肌抗体≥1：80的阳性率、血清球蛋白或IgG／〉1．1倍正常值上限的百分比及AIH治疗前的简化评分差异均有统计学意义。UDCA治疗后有重叠特征组的生存时间为（24．4＋16．5）个月,中位生存时间为22．0个月;无重叠特征组生存时间为（60．6＋43-3）个月,中位生存时间为50．5个月。采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,重叠特征组经过UDCA治疗后预后较差,Log-rank检验结果显示2组生存时间差异有统计学意义。在导致死亡的原因中,2组发病率差异均无统计学意义,但数据显示上消化道出血仍为主要死亡原因。结论对于巴黎标准不能确诊而简化评分标准可确诊的AIH—PBC患者,单纯UDCA治疗预后差,生存时间较无重叠特征的PBC患者短。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化／自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征患者的临床和病理学研究

目的分析原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）、自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）和PBC／AIH重叠综合征患者的临床和病理学特点。方法对105例自身免疫性肝病患者的临床资料进行分析,比较PBC／AIH重叠综合征和单纯PBC或AIH患者的临床表现和肝组织病理学变化。结果在105例患者中,包括11例PBC／AIH重叠综合征、60例PBC、33例AIH和1例原发性硬化性胆管炎（PSC）。PBC／AIH重叠综合征与PBC或AIH患者的性别、年龄、症状和并发症无明显差异（P〉0．05）,其实验室检查具有AIH的特点,如血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、免疫球蛋白IgG的明显升高,同时具有PBC的特点,如GGT、ALP、免疫球蛋白IgM的显著增高,但与PBC或AIH相比,无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;自身抗体检测可见抗核抗体、抗线粒体M2抗体和抗核心蛋白gP210抗体阳性,后两项抗体检出率明显高于AIH患者（P〈0．01）;肝组织病理学检查结果显示,PBC／AIH重叠综合征兼有PBC和AIH的特点,如界面炎和碎屑样坏死,汇管区浆细胞浸润,胆管不同程度的病变等。结论PBC／AIH重叠综合征的临床表现和肝组织病理学具有PBC和AIH的双重特征,应对此病充分认识,并探索有效的治疗方案。     

187例自身免疫性肝病的临床特点分析

目的分析自身免疫性肝病（AILD）的临床、生化及免疫学特点。方法分析北京大学人民医院2001年1月～2010年12月187例自身免疫性肝病患者的临床表现、生化及免疫学特点。结果 AILD的发病以40岁以上女性多见,30.5%（57/187）的患者确诊时已进展为肝硬化失代偿期。临床症状无特异性,自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）以ALT、IgG及γ球蛋白升高更为明显（P〈0.05）,而PBC以ALP、GGT、IgM升高更为明显（P〈0.05）。AILD患者常合并一种或多种肝外自身免疫病,AILD合并干燥综合症最为常见,AIH组及PBC组合并干燥综合症的发生率均达30%以上。AILD患者均有一种或多种自身抗体阳性,其中AIH组ANA阳性率为88.3%,AMA阳性率为7.5%（3/40）,AMA-M2阳性3.7%（2/54）;PBC组ANA阳性率为88.2%（97/110）,AMA阳性率为96.4%（81/84）,AMA-M2阳性率为94.4%（85/90）。AIH患者主要应用糖皮质激素治疗,其中共46例（59.7%）患者单用或联用UDCA治疗后肝脏酶学指标改善。结论生化、免疫学、自身抗体等检查对诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要意义。UDCA在AIH的治疗中有一定的作用。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化／自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征28例临床和病理学分析

目的总结原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）-自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）重叠综合征患者临床及组织病理学特点。方法采用2009年美国肝病学会修订的PBC诊断标准和2008年简化的AIH诊断标准,对28例PBC—AIH重叠综合征患者的临床及病理学资料进行回顾性分析。结果28例PBC—AIH重叠综合征患者ALT为154．93±28．68U／L,AST为185．21±39．25U／L,ALP为283．86±30．99U／L,γ-GT为352．36±71．15U／L,TBIL为34．15±7．79μmol／L,DBIL为11．15±0．86μmol／L,均显著高于正常人（ALT为17．8±1．60U／L,AST为20．29±1．02U／L,ALP为67．89±3．31U／L,γ-GT为20．51±3．33U／L,TBII,为11．15±0．86μmol／L,DBIL为3．35±0．28μmol／L,P〈0．05）;血清IgG和IgM升高,自身抗体中ANA（78．6％）和AMA—M2（71．4％）阳性率较高;肝穿组织可见界面性肝炎和小胆管损伤。结论PBC—AIH重叠综合征多见于女性,在临床及组织病理学上兼有PBC和AIH的双重特点。     

自身免疫性肝炎和原发性胆汁性肝硬化重叠综合征患者的临床特点

目的 了解自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)重叠综合征的临床特点。方法 对129例自身免疫性肝病患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,按国际评分标准,诊断AIH/PBC重叠综合征,并将其生物化学、自身抗体、肝穿刺结果与单纯的AIH、PBC患者病例资料比较。 结果 129例自身免疫性肝病患者中35例为AIH/PBC重叠综合征患者,占27.1％,以女性患者为主,男女比例为1:10,平均年龄(50.79±11.27)岁,其实验室检查具有AIH患者的特点,如:氨基转移酶、γ 球蛋白、免疫球蛋白G的明显升高,同时也具有PBC的特点,如:碱性磷酸酶、免疫球蛋白M的显著增高,自身抗体检测可见抗核抗体(74.3％)、抗线粒体抗体(68.6％)、M2抗体(45.7％)阳性;肝穿刺结果有界面坏死、浆细胞浸润及胆管不同程度的损害。 结论 AIH/PBC重叠综合征为独立于AIH、PBC存在的疾病,有必要对此及早诊断,寻找有效的治疗方法。     

Frequency and predictive factors for overlap syndrome between autoimmune hepatitis and primary cholestatic liver disease

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of cholestatic pattern in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and to identify predictive factors associated with the development of the overlap syndrome. METHODS: Eighty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with AIH at the referral centre between January 1998 and June 2002 were included in the study. The new scoring system modified by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group was used to classify patients as definite/probable. Overlap syndrome was considered when the patient had clinical, serological and histological characteristics of two conditions: AIH and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or AIH and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). RESULTS: From the 82 AIH patients (76 female and six male), 84.1% presented definite AIH (> 15 points) and 15.9% probable AIH (10 - 15 points). The frequency of the overlap syndrome was 20%: 13% with PBC and 7% with PSC. In the univariate analysis the overlap syndrome was associated with male gender (P = 0.01), age < 35 years (P < 0.0001), histopathological aspect of cholestasis (P < 0.0001), suboptimal response to treatment (P < 0.0001) and probable AIH (P < 0.0001). Age < 35 years, probable AIH and the absence of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) have been identified as independent indicators of the overlap diagnosis by the logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Patients with overlap syndrome between AIH and primary cholestatic liver disease are frequently diagnosed in clinical practice, representing 20% of AIH cases in our study. The independent predictive factors associated with the diagnosis of overlap syndrome are young age, ANA(-) profile, and probable diagnosis according with the scoring system for AIH.     

Development of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with typical primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)-autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) overlap syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by the occurrence of both conditions at the same time in the same patient. In addition to PBC-AIH overlap syndrome, transitions from one autoimmune disease to another have been reported, but no systematic series have been published. We report a series of 12 patients with consecutive occurrence of PBC and AIH (i.e., PBC followed by AIH). Among 282 PBC patients, 39 were identified who fulfilled criteria for probable or definitive AIH. AIH developed in 12 patients (4.3%). The baseline characteristics of the patients were similar to those of patients with classical PBC. Time elapsed between the diagnosis of PBC and the diagnosis of AIH varied from 6 months to 13 years. Patients with multiple flares of hepatitis at the time of diagnosis of AIH had cirrhosis on liver biopsy. Ten patients were given prednisone +/- azathioprine; short-term as well as sustained remissions were obtained in 8 of these, while two had multiple relapses and eventually died 8 and 7 years after diagnosis of AIH. In conclusion, the development of superimposed AIH could not be predicted from baseline characteristics and initial response to UDCA therapy. If not detected early, superimposed AIH can result in rapid progression toward cirrhosis and liver failure in PBC patients.     

自身免疫性肝炎和原发性胆汁性肝硬化重叠综合征的临床特征及疗效观察

目的观察自身免疫性肝炎和原发性胆汁性肝硬化(AIH-PBC)重叠综合征的临床特征及治疗效果。方法研究1:回顾分析124例PBC、57例AIH、39例AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者的临床特征;研究2:根据不同治疗方案对39例AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者进行分组疗效分析。结果在220例自身免疫性肝病患者中,AIH-PBC重叠综合征占17.73%。3组患者的性别组成差异无统计学意义,但发病年龄AIH组相似文献