Preoperative use of inhaled tiotropium in lung cancer patients with untreated COPD

Background and objective:   Lung cancer patients with COPD are at high risk during surgery. Tiotropium, a long-acting bronchodilator, is a preferred maintenance therapy for COPD, but its efficacy in the perioperative period has not been clarified.
Methods:   A retrospective review was performed of the medical records of 102 patients with primary lung cancer and COPD, who underwent scheduled surgery. Twenty-one lung cancer patients with untreated mild-to-severe COPD received tiotropium preoperatively. Spirometry was performed prior to and after 2 weeks of treatment with tiotropium, and at 3 months after surgery.
Results:   Two-week preoperative treatment with tiotropium significantly improved respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function as reflected by FVC (median 3.43 L pretreatment vs 3.52 L post-treatment), FEV₁ (median 2.06 L vs 2.32 L) and FEV₁% (73.2% vs 81.0%) (all P  < 0.001). Postoperative FEV₁% was significantly increased from a median of 56.0% (interquartile range 51.6–60.3) to 63.4% (60.8–66.0) ( P  < 0.001). The increase in FEV₁ was inversely associated with severity of COPD ( r  = −0.59, P  < 0.005). Lung resections were successfully accomplished without complications. The postoperative FEV₁ predicted prior to tiotropium treatment was underestimated (median predicted postoperative FEV₁ 1.65 L vs median measured postoperative FEV₁ 1.96 L, P  < 0.001).
Conclusions:   Preoperative treatment with tiotropium may facilitate surgical treatment for lung cancer patients with COPD. This is encouraging for COPD patients who may require curative lung resections.     

COPD开胸手术后肺功能的改变与康复治疗

目的　探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者开胸手术后肺功能的变化及相应处理方法。方法　 2 9例中 -重度 COPD开胸手术后患者在常规治疗的基础上 ,给予辅助排痰、呼吸及呼吸肌训练、心理支持等 ,其中 17例曾给予机械辅助通气。术后进行心电图、血压、呼吸频率及波形、血氧饱和度 (Sp O2 )及动脉血气分析等监测 ,半月后定期或酌情行肺功能复查。结果　术后 15天肺功能显示 MVV、FEV1 .0 、FVC、Pa O2 、Sp O2 均较术前明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,康复治疗至三个月时各项值恢复到术前水平 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,6个月后可优于术前水平 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　中 -重度 COPD患者开胸术后早期 (<30天 )肺功能将显然下降 ,认真做好术后各项监测、综合治疗与评估 ,保障呼吸道通畅 ,有利于提高手术的安全性 ,促进患者肺功能的恢复和改善     

Impact of COPD and emphysema on survival of patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Both COPD and emphysema are associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, but the impacts of these comorbidities on lung cancer prognosis are still unclear. Herein, we conducted a meta‐analysis to clarify whether the presence of these comorbidities indicates poor survival in patients with lung cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ASCO Abstracts and Cochrane library for articles published before 1 June 2015. Papers referenced by the obtained articles were also reviewed. Main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients with lung cancer. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Of 58 full texts reviewed, 26 met our inclusion criteria that were derived from 21 and seven studies examining the impacts of COPD and emphysema on survival of lung cancer, respectively. Meta‐analyses revealed that concomitant COPD was associated with poorer OS (HR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10–1.25, n = 20), which was independent of tumour staging, diagnostic criteria of COPD or location, and DFS (HR, 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.23, n = 6) with high heterogeneity (I² = 78%). The presence of emphysema in patients with lung cancer predicted worse OS (HR, 1.66; 95% CI: 1.25–2.22, n = 7), but not poorer DFS. The presence of COPD and emphysema are robust predictors of poor survival in patients with lung cancer. Early detection of these diseases should be taken into account for lung cancer surveillance and management.     

COPD合并非小细胞肺癌103例临床分析

目的 探讨COPD合并原发性非小细胞肺癌的临床特征.方法 分析我院近5年103例COPD合并非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料.结果 COPD合并非小细胞肺癌多为有吸烟史男性老年人.103例患者中,鳞癌56.31%,腺癌34.95%.较常见的症状有咳嗽（86.41%）、咯血或痰中带血（54.37%）、呼吸困难（41.75%）等.胸部X线主要表现为肺门肿块（64.08%）、肺门和/或纵隔淋巴结肿大（24.27%）、阻塞性肺炎或肺不张（21.36%）.大多数患者经支气管镜检活检确诊（62.14%）.结论 COPD患者发生非小细胞肺癌风险高,如出现可疑肺癌征象,应尽早行相关检查.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者氧化应激与肺功能的相关性

目的探讨COPD患者氧化应激状态以及对肺功能的影响。方法选择COPD患者88例,行肺功能测定,根据FEV1%及FEV1/FVC分为轻、中、重三组,并对所有入选者抽取静脉血,化学比色法检测血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平。结果与轻度组比较,中、重度COPD患者SOD、GSH水平明显下降,MDA明显升高(P<0.05、P<0.01)。相关分析显示:MDA与肺功能(FEV1%、FEV1/FVC)呈负相关(P<0.01、P<0.05),SOD、GSH与肺功能呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05)。结论 COPD患者体内存在氧化应激失衡,随着氧化/抗氧化功能失衡加重,肺功能下降加剧。     

Decreased invasiveness via two methods of thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer, compared with open thoracotomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for primary lung cancer is considered minimally invasive. However, different procedures may be used for the VATS lobectomy, from complete videoscopic (CV) surgery to a technique similar to the muscle-sparing thoracotomy. We divided patients into two groups based on the surgical approach and analysed the outcomes. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-one patients were treated using one of two VATS procedures: the video-supported method (VS, n = 63) and the CV method (n = 168). Patients treated by posterolateral thoracotomy (PL, n = 61) were also evaluated for certain postoperative parameters and pulmonary function. The CV method is the standard VATS lobectomy procedure in our institution, but the VS method is used when the CV method becomes difficult because of severe adhesion around the pulmonary artery, or for other reasons. RESULTS: Creatinine phosphokinase and CRP levels, and blood loss were lower in the VS and CV groups than in the PL group. Blood loss during CV was lower than that during VS. Postoperative VC after CV was higher than that after PL. Analgesic requirements in both VATS groups were lower than that in the PL group. The visual analogue scale pain score was lower in both VATS groups than in the PL group. CONCLUSIONS: Two methods of VATS cause less surgical damage than PL. CV, in particular, causes less damage to pulmonary function than PL, and achieves good postoperative quality of life.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺癌临床分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并肺癌的临床特点.方法 对35例COPD合并肺癌的病例进行分析.结果 COPD分级:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级17例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级3例.CT表现:肿块影28例;阻塞性肺炎9例;胸腔积液6例;肺不张5例.细胞类型:鳞癌16例,腺癌9例,小细胞癌7例,大细胞癌1例,未定型2例.肺癌TNM分期:Ⅰa期2例,Ⅰb期4例,Ⅱa期2例,Ⅱb期5例,Ⅲa期7例,Ⅲb期8例,Ⅳ期7例.转归:死亡29例,生存期1～28个月.结论 COPD合并肺癌时,早期常不易被发现,确诊时多为晚期.故COPD合并吸烟的患者,如出现可疑肺癌征象,应高度引起重视,及早完善检查及明确诊断,以降低死亡率,延长生存期.     

How the genetics of lung cancer may overlap with COPD

Over the last 30years, epidemiological studies have shown that COPD is the single most important risk factor for lung cancer after smoking exposure. Recent genetic studies using genome-wide approaches suggest that the genetic risk factors predisposing smokers to COPD and lung cancer may overlap. The genes identified by these studies suggest that this overlapping genetic susceptibility may be mediated through receptors expressed on the bronchial epithelium that implicate molecular pathways underlying both COPD and lung cancer. Furthermore, it appears that aberrant inflammatory and/or immune-modulatory pathways leading to excess matrix metalloproteinases, growth factors and airway remodelling in COPD may also be promoting malignant transformation of the bronchial epithelium. The process linking inflammation, remodelling and cancer formation is called epithelial-mesenchymal transition. There are several clinical implications arising from the COPD-lung cancer overlap. First, if COPD is a precursor disease to lung cancer then efforts to prevent COPD, might be even more important. Second, if drugs targeting the overlapping molecular pathways can be identified, chemoprevention that reduce the propensity to COPD and lung cancer is an attractive option. Finally, if low-dose computerized tomography can identify treatable lung cancer, gene-based tests of susceptibility might help identify those smokers who should undergo radiological screening.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺癌发病机制的研究进展

据统计,目前慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)在全球40岁以上人群中发病率高达9%～10%.而世界卫生组织最新数据显示,肺癌发病率占全球新发癌症的11. 6%,病死率达18. 4%,是中国乃至全球发病率和病死率最高的癌症. COPD合并肺癌的年发病率为16. 7%,且仍在上升. COPD合并肺癌治疗难度大,需在两种疾病基础上...     

普米克令舒联合可必特雾化吸入改善肺癌合并重度COPD患者术前肺功能及扩大手术适应症研究

目的观察普米克令舒联合可必特雾化吸入对肺癌合并重度COPD患者术前肺功能影响,探讨该疗法能否扩大肺癌手术的适应症。方法收集我院肺癌合并COPD,拟行肺叶切除术的患者,给予普米克令舒联合可必特雾化吸入两周后比较患者FEV1、MVV%、PaO2、PaCO2的改善情况及手术耐受情况。结果研究期间入组27例重度COPD合并肺癌Ⅰ-Ⅲa期患者,经治疗2周后FEV1、MVV%、PaO2、PaCO2均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05)。其中有21例患者肺功能提高至手术指标,进行单侧肺叶切除并淋巴结清扫术,但与同期轻中度COPD合并肺癌患者比较,前者并发症发生率较后者增加(P<0.01)。结论雾化吸入普米克联合可必特可在短时间内明显提高肺癌合并重度COPD患者肺功能水平,可使其中部分患者较安全的耐受肺叶切除术。