血管活性肠肽,加压素和生长抑素免疫阳性细胞和纤维在大鼠…

用免疫组化技术观察了正常和秋水仙素预处理后的血管活性肠肽、加压素和生长抑素免疫反应阳性胞体和纤维在ＳＤ大鼠交叉上核的分布。（１）血管活性肠肽：在交叉上核嘴侧部的腹外侧部有少量阳性胞体和纤维分布；在交叉上核中部，大量阳性胞体集中在腹外侧亚核，相当多的阳性纤维分布于整个核区；在交叉上核尾侧部可见少量阳性胞体和中等密度的阳性纤维。（２）加压素：在交叉上核嘴侧部和尾侧部可见中等密度的阳性胞体和纤维，以核的     

新生儿脑脚间核的亚核结构及P物质、脑啡肽和5-羟色胺样免疫阳性成分在亚核的分布

本研究用Nissl染色及免疫细胞化学方法,观察了新生儿脑脚间核的亚核结构及P物质、脑啡肽和5-羟色胺样免疫阳性结构的分布特点。发现该核可分为背侧亚核、背外侧亚核、外侧亚核、中央亚核和中间亚核。P物质样阳性胞体、纤维及终末,主要分布于背外侧亚核、中间亚核腹侧部以及外侧亚核;脑啡肽样阳性胞体及纤维终末集中在中央亚核;5-羟色胺样胞体和纤维终末主要分布于背侧亚核。     

大鼠脑内代谢型谷氨酸受体2和3亚型的分布

用免疫组化技术观察了代谢型谷氨酸受体２和３亚型阳性神经元胞体和纤维在大鼠脑内的定位分布。证明此二亚型阳性胞体和纤维密集分布于小脑颗粒细胞层；中等密度淡染的阳性胞体和纤维见于大脑皮质浅层、屏状核吻侧部、尾壳核、苍白球、腹侧苍白球、斜角带核垂直部、隔区、终纹床核和外侧网状核等处；小脑Ｐｕｒｋｉｎｊｅ细胞层和分子层内仅有少量淡染的阳性纤维。     

孤束核内生长抑素mRNA分布的原位杂交组化研究

用原位杂交法对孤束核尾侧部内生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ（ＳＯＭｍＲＶＡ）的分布进行了研究。ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ位于不同平面孤束核内的神经元胞体和近端树突中，从ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元一般为中小型细胞，呈圆形或椭圆形，分布于孤束核的内侧亚核、背侧亚核、背外侧亚核、连合亚核、中间亚核、腹侧亚枝和腹外侧亚核，其中以最后区上段及其吻侧平面的孤束核的内侧亚核、连合亚核、背侧亚核和背外侧亚核最为多见。结果提示ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元在该核尾侧部各亚核内的广泛分布可能与该核参与对血压、心血管、呼吸、胃肠道等内脏活动的中枢控制有密切关系。生长抑素作为一种神经调制物可能在上述孤束核参与的植物性神经复杂整合功能中起着重要的作用。     

大鼠伏核内5-羟色胺样和甲硫氨酸-脑啡肽样免疫反应阳性结构的观察

本文借助免疫组织化学技术,在光镜和电镜水平观察了大鼠伏核内5-羟色胺(5-HT)样和甲硫氨酸-脑啡肽(Met-ENK)样免疫反应阳性结构的分布。光镜观察:5-HT样免疫反应阳性的纤维和终末可见于伏核不同平面的各亚区,但内侧区和腹侧区的明显地多于背侧区和外侧区,尾段的阳性纤维多于吻段。根据伏核内5-HT样纤维的直径、行径和膨体的数量,可将其分为粗纤维、中等粗细纤维和细纤维3种,此3种纤维的区分以内侧区和腹侧区较明显。未见5-HT样阳性胞体。Met-ENK样免疫反应阳性的胞体仅见于腹侧区和内侧区腹侧部,少量散在分布。Met-ENK样阳性纤维和终末也主要分布于内侧区和腹侧区,外侧区和背侧区较少。Met-ENK样阳性纤维均属细纤维,行径弯曲,外观呈绒毛状。Met-ENK样阳性胞体、纤维和终末在吻尾方向上的分布无明显差异。电镜观察:5-HT样阳性轴突终末与阴性树突形成对称和非对称型轴树突触;Met-ENK样阳性树突与阴性轴突终末形成对称和非对称型轴-树突触。上述突触多见于内侧区和腹侧区。     

中国树下丘脑视上核和室旁核内加压素能神经元的形态和神经纤维的分布

用抗加压素（VP）血清和免疫组化技术，观察了中国树下丘脑视上核（SON）和室旁核（PVN）内VP能种经元的形态和神经纤维的分布。VP能胞体的形态，在SON主部多呈梭形，少数呈多角形；在SON交叉后部，多是多角形，少数是梭形；在PVN，以多角形为主，少数为梭形．VP能纤维的分布：在PVN与SON生部之间，特别是与视交叉上区和现柬背内侧区之间，纤维细而直，多平行分布．在PVN后半外侧，可见部分纤维呈内侧-背外侧向分布；在SON交叉后部的背外侧，纤维是朝向正中隆起处汇集的趋势，其中部分纤维呈串珠状；在正中隆起内带，纤维呈西外侧-内侧向和吻-屠向密集分布，有少数大小不等的免疫反应阳性的聚集体；在正中隆起外带，特别在会体门脉毛细血管排周围，有致密的、成群分布的免疫反应阳性点状结构；在漏斗柄和垂体神经部，可见致密的免疫反应阳性纤维和Herring体，在神经部内的窦状毛细血管周围有致富的、大小不等的免疫反应阳性点状结构．     

SP样和L-ENK样免疫反应物在大鼠臂旁核内的分布

本文用PAP法研究P物质样的亮氨酸脑啡肽样免疫反应性(SP-LI,L-ENK-LI)物在大鼠臂旁核各亚核内的分布。在外侧腹亚核、外侧背亚核、外侧外亚核、背侧臂旁区、间质部、内侧臂旁主核尾侧段的背侧部及K-F核中有大量的L-ENK-LI终末和纤维,外侧中央亚核和外侧上亚核内为中等量;在这些核中,除背侧区、外侧上亚核、间质部和内侧臂旁主核外均有许多L-ENK-LI胞体。SP-LI终末和纤维的分布与L-ENK-LI有些类似,但在某些核中的量较少;SP-LI胞体少量见于外侧亚核、外侧中央亚核和内侧臂旁核等的咀侧段。     

亮氨酸脑啡肽样和P物质样免疫反应物在大鼠延髓迷走神经背核簇和网状结构内的分布

用PAP法研究亮氨酸脑啡肽样(L—ENK—LI)和P物质样(SP—LI)免疫反应物在大鼠延髓迷走神经背核簇和网状结构内的分布。证明在孤束核、迷走神经背核、外侧网状核外侧部及其外侧的区域内有大量的L-ENK样终末和纤维,在背侧和腹侧网状核之间的移行区内有中等量的分布,其余区内为少量。L-ENK样胞体在孤束核、咀侧腹外侧网状核、巨细胞网状核的腹侧部和α部、外侧旁巨细胞核以及中缝大核内均有许多分布,在迷走神经背核的尾侧部、背侧和腹侧网状核之间的移行区有中等量,其余区内为少量。SP样反应物的分布与L-ENK样物类似,但其终末和纤维的数量较L-ENK者略少,阳性胞体的数量除了在中缝核及外侧旁巨细胞核内侧端中的量较L-ENK样胞体多以外,在其余区内均较少。     

P物质性纤维对球海绵体肌和坐骨海绵体骨运动神经元的支配—HRP逆行示踪与免疫细胞化学研究

本研究应用HRP逆行示踪与免疫细胞化学相结合的双重反应技术观察了P物质纤维与前角躯体运动神经元的关系。用WGA－HRP经大鼠球海绵全肌和坐骨海绵体肌注射后,逆行示踪标记的运动神经元分布于L5和L6脊髓前角的背内侧核和背外侧核侧部。SP能纤维广泛分布于脊髓灰质,其中以后最为密集。光镜下可见在前角的背内侧核和背外侧核内,SP阳性纤维呈点状和带有钮扣状膨大的纤维分布于逆行标记的运动神经元周围。电下可见SP阳性纤维终末含有少量的大型囊泡和多量和清亮小泡。常见SP阳性纤维末俏与HRP逆行标记的运动神经元有紧密联系,并证明二者形成突触结构。本研究首次证实脑下行P物质阳性纤维对调控球海棉体肌和坐骨海绵体肌运动神经元有直接支配关系,提示P物质能纤维参与阴茎勃起和射精过程。     

降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)在纹状体边缘区内分布及其纤维联系的研究

<正> 应用免疫细胞化学ABC法对降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)在大鼠纹状体边缘区的分布以及与杏仁核、终纹床核等边缘系统结构之间的联系进行了研究.结果发现:(1)CGRP免疫阳性纤维在纹状体内存在于纹状体的中部和尾侧,位于尾壳核和苍白球之间,即相当于纹状体边缘区的部分,形成一条明显的背腹方向走行的带状.CGRP免疫阳性纤维分布越靠纹状体尾侧纤维越密集,而且阳性带越宽;(2)在纹状体的最尾侧,除过缘区外,尾壳核的外侧缘也出现一条致密的阳性纤维带,与边缘区走向一致.并与边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维带之间存在较多的横向联系纤维;(3)纹状体边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维向背侧通过终纹与吻侧的终纹床核联系,向腹侧与杏仁核的CGRP阳性纤维相连,向尾侧和中脑黑质背外侧部及其外侧区的CGRP阳性胞体相连;(4)边缘区的CGBP阳性纤维主要与杏仁中央核相联系,少量与杏仁内侧核相联系;尾壳核外侧缘的CGRP阳性纤维也主要与杏仁中央核相联系.结果     

The distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive neurons in the human medulla oblongata

We have described the distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive neurons in the medulla oblongata of the adult human. The majority of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive cells were found in four regions of the medulla: the ventrolateral reticular formation, the dorsomedial medulla, the secondary sensory nuclei and the rostral raphe nuclei. The morphology of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive cells varied in each of these regions. In the ventrolateral reticular formation, the labelled neurons were round and pigmented caudal to the obex but elongated and non-pigmented rostral to the obex; in the dorsomedial medulla, they were triangular and pigmented caudal to but not rostral to the obex; in the secondary sensory nuclei, they were multipolar, non-pigmented and significantly smaller than in the other areas; in the rostral raphe nuclei, they were bipolar and non-pigmented. Colocalization studies revealed that many neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive cells also synthesize monoamines, consistent with conclusions based on a quantitative comparison of their distributions. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was present in about 25% of presumed noradrenaline-synthesizing cells in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (corresponding to the A1 region); about 50% of adrenaline- and 70% of presumed serotonin-synthesizing cells in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (C1 and B2-3 regions); 90-100% of presumed noradrenaline-synthesizing cells in the dorsomedial medulla at and above the obex (A2 region); about 50% of adrenaline-synthesizing cells in the rostral dorsomedial medulla (C2 region); about 5% of presumed serotonin-synthesizing cells in the rostral raphe nuclei (B2-3 region). The largest of these groups was the presumed serotonin-synthesizing cells that contained neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. This is the first report of such a cell group in the medulla of any mammal, and emphasizes the neuroanatomical differences between humans and other species.     

Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within the telencephalon of the reptile Caiman crocodilus

Immunohistochemical methods were used to characterize the distribution of staining for leucine enkephalin-like and methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivities in the telencephalon of Caiman crocodilus. Very similar distributions of both leucine enkephalin-like and methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were observed. The greatest accumulations of enkephalin-like immunoreactive material were observed within the ventrolateral area of the telencephalon, a region considered comparable to the mammalian corpus striatum and avian paleostriatal complex (i.e. basal ganglia) on the basis of embryological, anatomical and histochemical criteria. Within the ventrolateral area, many small immunoreactive neuron cell bodies were observed, particularly within the rostromedial small-celled component of the ventrolateral telencephalic area. A rich plexus of fibers displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity invests the entire ventrolateral area including the large-celled subdivision. A system of thick, coarse, radially-directed immunoreactive fibers running between medial and dorsal portions of the ventrolateral area and more ventral portions was observed in this study. Other structures in the caiman telencephalon, containing large numbers of neural elements displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity, were the ventral paleostriatum (a region considered comparable to the ventral pallidum of mammals), the lateral septal nucleus and the nucleus accumbens. The corticoid areas contained far fewer elements displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity, although immunoreactive fibers and cell bodies were observed within the medial, dorsal and lateral corticoid areas, particularly at caudal levels. The dorsal ventricular ridge contains the lowest number of immunoreactive cells and fibers of any structure within the caiman telencephalon although occasional neurons displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were encountered in the dorsal ventricular ridge. The results are compared to the distribution of enkephalin within the cerebral hemispheres of mammals, birds and other reptiles.     

The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the golden hamster: immunohistochemical analysis of cell and fiber distribution

The distribution of vasopressin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, 5-hydroxytryptamine- and glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity was analyzed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of male and female golden hamsters. Vasopressin. Vasopressin-like immunoreactivity is localized within neurons, dendrites and axons throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Immunoreactive perikarya are restricted to the dorsomedial aspect of each nucleus and occur in highest numbers within the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis. Axons containing vasopressin-like immunoreactivity form a dense plexus in the dorsomedial suprachiasmatic nuclei and in a vertical column at the lateral aspect of each nucleus. Somatostatin. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity is also contained in neurons in the dorsomedial aspect of the suprachiasmatic nuclei and in thin varicose axons distributed throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei in a pattern similar to that of vasopressin-immunoreactive axons. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons are concentrated in the ventrolateral portion of each nucleus and occur almost exclusively within the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis. An extremely dense plexus of varicose axons exhibiting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity extends throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei and passes out of the dorsal aspect of each nucleus into the periventricular and anterior hypothalamic areas. Avian pancreatic polypeptide. Avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity is restricted to axons which arborize within the ventrolateral aspect of each nucleus. These fibers extend throughout the rostrocaudal extent of each nucleus and partially overlap the terminal field of retinal afferents. Glutamic acid decarboxylase. A very dense plexus of axonal varicosities exhibiting glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity fills both the dorsomedial and ventrolateral portions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei throughout the rostrocaudal extent of each nucleus. Lightly stained immunoreactive perikarya also occur throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei. 5-Hydroxytryptamine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity is restricted to axons which form a plexus in the ventromedial portion of each nucleus that is most dense in the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

大鼠迷走神经初级传入纤维向孤束核投射的定位、定性研究

为了探索迷走神经向孤束核(NTS)投射纤维的性质及分布特征,本文应用(1) 免疫细胞化学技术对NTS及结状神经节(NG)内ENK、SP、CGRP和VIP等四种活性物质的存在及分布进行了普查;(2) 用HRP跨越神经节追踪技术探索了迷走神经初级传入纤维在NTS内的投射定位;(3) 用HRP逆行标记技术和免疫细胞化学双重标记法结合切断实验印证了NG内神经元向NTS投射的纤维性质。结果证明:NST内含有此四种活性物质的阳性纤维和终末,主要分布于连合核及NTS内侧部,即相当于内侧亚核、中间亚核的区域。NTS中段的尾侧及尾段的吻侧阳性纤维和终末密度最高。此四种活性物质以SP样和L-ENK样阳性成分最为密集,VIP样次之,CGRP样密度最低。NG内亦存在含此四种活性物质的阳性神经元,其中L-ENK样阳性神经元是本文首次发现的,跨节追踪证明的迷走神经初级传入纤维向NTS的投射部位与这四种性质的纤维扣终末密集区大体上一致。逆行追踪与免疫细胞化学相结合的结果证明NG内存在此四种性质的双重标记细胞。切断一侧NG中枢端发现在术侧NTS内此四种活性物质的阳性纤维和终末的密集区都出现“脱落现象”,说明NG内含此四种活性物质的神经元都向NTS投射。     

猫延髓吻侧腹外侧区与孤束核的纤维联系—WGA—HRP法研究

将WGA-HRP经背路或腹路注入成年家猫一侧延髓吻侧腹外区(RVL),在双侧孤束核(NTS)观察到逆行标记的细胞.标记细胞主要位于NTS尾侧份的内侧亚核、外侧亚核和腹外侧亚核。并见RVL注射区有顺行标记纤维投射至双侧NTS及对侧RVL。标记纤维在NTS吻侧半最为明显。     

Regional and laminar distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the cat superior colliculus

The pattern of distribution of cholinergic fibers was examined immunohistochemically in the cat superior colliculus by using a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In the superficial layers, an obvious immunoreactive zone was found in the rostral two-thirds of the outer portion of the superficial gray layer (SGS), with increasing immunoreactive intensity at the rostral pole of the colliculus. A mesh-like distribution of the immunoreactive fibers was found throughout the deeper portion of this layer with a higher concentration in the caudal levels. In the deeper collicular layers, a number of ChAT-immunoreactive fibers were seen in the outer portion of the intermediate gray layer (SGI) in a patch-like fashion. A few fibers were also immunoreactive in the deeper portion of the SGI and in the medial aspect of the deep gray layer. The density of the immunoreactivity in the deeper layers increased in the caudal levels. After unilateral destruction of the parabigeminal nucleus, the ChAT immunoreactivity was markedly reduced in the rostral aspect of the contralateral SGS, and moderately in the caudal aspect of the ipsilateral SGS.     

VIP样神经元在大鼠丘脑下部的定位—PAP法研究

本文用免疫组化PAP法,观察了经秋水仙碱预处理,在正午和午夜取材的大鼠丘脑下部血管活性肠多肽(vasoactiVe intestinal polypeptide, VIP)样神经元。为比较VIP神经元与加压素神经元的关系,对相应应部位的加压素神经元也做了免疫组化染色。结果,许多VIP样神经元形成密集的细胞群位于视交叉上核腹侧半,许多加压素样神经元形成的密集细胞群位于视交叉上核背内侧份。由于所在部位的不同,可以推测含VIP的神经元与含加压素的神经元不是同一种细胞。光镜下,对比正午和午夜取材的标本,看不出视交叉上核中含VIP的神经元有明显的差异。VIP样神经元也出理于前连合核,此发现尚未见报道。前连合核内含VIP的神经元与含加压素的神经元同样也似非同一种细胞。另外,在视上核内见到了VIP样神经纤维。     

大鼠下丘脑交叉上核的肽能传出投射

用ＨＲＰ逆行追踪术观察了大鼠下丘脑交叉上核的传出投射，并进一步通过ＨＲＰ逆行追踪结合免疫组化的方法观察了交叉上核投射神经元的性质。     

Localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity in human foetus and newborn infant spinal cord

Using an indirect immunofluorescence method the distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity was studied in human foetus and newborn infant spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Further, for comparison some newborn infant brains were also investigated. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactive fibres were exclusively found in the caudal spinal cord and corresponding dorsal root ganglia. No immunoreactive cell bodies were detected. The first appearance of VIP-like immunoreactive fibres in both spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia was suggested during the fourth month of foetal life. Most immunolabelled fibres, concentrated in the sacral segment, were distributed in the Lissauer tract, along the dorsolateral gray border, in the intermediolateral areas and near the central canal in the dorsolateral commissure. A few VIP-like immunoreactive fibres were also seen in the dorsal funiculus and occasionally in the ventral gray horn and ventral roots. Further, a large population of VIP-like immunoreactive fibres occurs longitudinally in dorsal root, in ganglia and in the spinal nerve exit zone. These findings indicate the early appearance of VIP-like immunoreactive fibres in the human foetus spinal cord and corresponding ganglia. Moreover, they emphasize that in both foetus and newborn infant spinal cord VIP-like immunoreactive fibre distribution is limited to the lumbosacral segment.