银杏苦内酯B对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠血浆TNFα的影响

 目的 观察重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的水平变化,探讨银杏苦内酯B(BN52021)对SAP的治疗作用.方法 选用Wistar大鼠45只,随机分成SAP模型组(SAP,n=15),BN52021治疗组(BN,n=15)和阴性对照组(NC,n=15).前两组以5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行注入主胰管制成SAP模型,制模15 min后,SAP组经股静脉以0.5 ml/100 mg注射生理盐水;BN组以BN52021(5 mg/kg)代替生理盐水静注;NC组仅做剖腹术.制模后1 h,6 h和12 h分别采血,应用ELISA技术测定血浆TNFα水平.结果 在1 h时相点,SAP组血浆TNFα水平(420.67±262.22 pg/ml)与BN组(403.88±177.92 pg/ml)、NC组(369.62±39.73 pg/ml)相比,均不具有显著性差异(P＞0.05);在6 h、12 h时相点,SAP组血浆TNFα水平(856.33±207.25 pg/ml,961.56±415.49 pg/ml)较NC组(369.14±16.28 pg/ml,416.43±26.54 pg/ml)明显升高(P＜0.05);BN组(415.15±88.08 pg/ml,692.06±69.31 pg/ml)较SAP组明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 实验证明SAP大鼠血浆TNFα水平明显升高,BN52021对SAP大鼠具有明显的治疗效果,使其血浆TNFα水平显著下降.     

常通口服液对肠粘连大鼠血TGF-β1的影响

目的观察常通口服液对大鼠肠粘连模型血转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor β1,TGF-β1)水平的影响.方法 (1)选取54只SD雄性大鼠随机分为6组(n=9)正常对照组、模型对照组、四磨汤组、常通口服液低、中、高剂量组.除正常对照组外,其余大鼠均按Ellis法制备成肠粘连模型.正常及模型对照组予以蒸馏水ig(10ml·kg-1);四磨汤组以10m1·kg-1ig给药;常通口服液低、中、高剂量组分别按4.3、8.6、17.2g·kg-1ig给药.各组于术后第7d取血,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定TGF-β1水平.(2)选用SD雄性大鼠90只,随机分为2组,按Ellis法制备成肠粘连模型.给药方法及给药剂量同方法(1).常通口服液中剂量组与模型对照组于术后第1、3、5、7、9d采血,不同时间点各取血9只大鼠,并处死.测定TGF-β1水平.结果 (1)与正常对照组比较,模型对照组TGF-β1显著升高(P<0.001);与模型对照组比较,常通口服液中、高剂量组均能显著降低TGF-β1含量(P<0.05～0.01),而低剂量组TGF-β1含量无明显减少(P>0.05).(2)常通口服液中剂量组与模型对照组各个时间点相应比较,在术后第5、7、9d 3个时间点有显著性差异(P<0.01～0.001).结论常通口服液能降低TGF-β1水平.细胞因子TGF-β1在肠粘连形成中可能发挥一定作用.     

VEGF抗体对大鼠烧伤休克影响的探索性研究

目的探讨VEGF抗体对烫伤大鼠休克的影响。方法随机选取88只大鼠中的8只设定为治疗前组,余80只按照随机数表法随机分为治疗组(40只)与对照组(40只),并将治疗组与对照组大鼠建立为Ⅲ度烫伤模型。模型建立后,治疗组大鼠尾静脉注射1 mL VEGF抗体稀释液,对照组大鼠尾静脉注射1 mL生理盐水,然后分别检测两组大鼠烫伤后2、8、24、48、72 h的血清VEGF含量。结果烫伤后2、8、24、48、72 h,治疗组大鼠血清VEGF含量分别为(8.82±0.51)pg/mL、(16.79±7.01)pg/mL、(22.79±5.09)pg/mL、(29.81±3.91)pg/mL及(30.68±5.45)pg/mL,明显低于对照组大鼠的(138.97±7.59)pg/mL、(159.47±2.75)pg/mL、(171.43±15.23)pg/mL、(173.03±12.43)pg/mL及(189.23±6.41)pg/mL,两组对比,P均0.01,差异具有统计学意义。结论烫伤初期大鼠体内注射VEGF抗体,可明显降低烫伤大鼠血清中VEGF的表达水平,从而降低血管通透性,减少液体渗出,由此推测,VEGF抗体可防止烧伤休克的发生与发展,值得进一步深入研究探讨。     

严重烫伤大鼠早期血浆内皮素的变化及山莨菪碱（654—2）的影响

目的 :观察烫伤早期血浆内皮素 (ET)和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)水平及 654- 2的影响。方法 :以大鼠 30 %Ⅲ度体表烫伤为模型 ,检测了伤后 2h、6h、1 2h、2 4h血浆ET和LDH的含量及应用 654- 2后的影响。结果 :烫伤后 2h、6h血浆ET( X±SEM ,分别为 1 0 4 4± 3 8pg/ml、76 8± 5 5pg/ml,n =8)较正常对照组 ( 41 4± 3 8pg/ml,n =8)明显升高 ,血浆LDH亦升高明显。 654- 2 ( 1 0mg/kg ,腹腔注射 )治疗组 ,与烫伤组比较 ,伤后 2h ,6h血浆ET( 62 6± 4 1pg/ml,51 8± 4 8pg/ml,n =8)明显下降。相关分析显示烫伤后血浆ET升高与血浆LDH呈显著正相关。结论 :ET的升高可能参与了烧伤早期的组织损害 ,654- 2可能通过抑制ET的升高发挥组织细胞保护作用。     

长链非编码RNA linc00152在急性肾衰大鼠肾组织中表达及影响

目的探讨急性肾衰大鼠肾组织中长链非编码RNA linc00152的表达情况及其对急性肾衰的影响。方法选取雄性SD大鼠72只,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=6)与模型组(n=66)。模型组建立庆大霉素诱导的急性肾衰大鼠模型,对照组注射同体积生理盐水。采用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法检测对照组及分别于第1、3、7、14、21天自模型组选取的6只大鼠肾组织中血清尿素氮、肌酐、尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶含量以及linc00152的表达、分布情况。将剩余36只模型组大鼠分为生理盐水组(n=12)、1 mg/kg siRNA组(n=12)及2 mg/kg siRNA组(n=12)。1 mg/kg siRNA组与2 mg/kg siRNA组分别尾静脉注射1 mg/kg、2 mg/kg linc00152-siRNA以达到活体水平阻断linc00152表达的目的,生理盐水组注射等体积生理盐水,分别于阻断后24、72 h检测linc00152表达水平、血清生化指标及尿液成分。结果模型组第1天血清尿素氮、肌酐、尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶含量显著上升,第3天继续上升,第7天达到峰值,第21天基本恢复至正常水平。正常大鼠肾组织中linc00152主要表达于皮质;模型组linc00152表达在皮质和髓质中均为第1天显著上升,第3天继续上升,第7天达到峰值,第21天基本恢复至正常水平,其中,皮质中linc00152水平变化幅度更明显。1 mg/kg、2 mg/kg linc00152-siRNA干预后24 h,急性肾衰大鼠肾皮质中linc00152表达水平分别下降约40%、70%;1 mg/kg、2 mg/kg linc00152-siRNA干预后72 h,急性肾衰大鼠肾皮质中linc00152表达水平分别下降约50%、80%。1 mg/kg、2 mg/kg linc00152-siRNA干预后24、72 h,急性肾衰大鼠血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、K~+、尿蛋白及尿酮体水平均较生理盐水组显著降低,Na~+水平均较生理盐水组显著升高,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2 mg/kg linc00152-siRNA干预后24、72 h,急性肾衰大鼠血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、K~+、尿蛋白及尿酮体水平较1 mg/kg siRNA组显著降低,Na~+水平较1 mg/kg siRNA组显著升高,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 linc00152在庆大霉素诱导的急性肾衰大鼠的肾组织中表达显著增加,活体水平阻断linc00152的表达对急性肾损伤有防治作用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠血栓前状态及其与气道炎症关系的研究

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠的血栓前状态及其与气道炎症的关系。方法:将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(12只)和模型组(12只)。模型组进行熏香烟实验,连续75天,吸烟实验结束后进行肺功能测定及病理观察。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行BALF中IL-10和TNF-α含量的测定,同法检测血浆中tPA、PAI-1和D-dimer含量的变化。结果:模型组大鼠肺功能指标0.3秒用力呼气容积(FEV0.3)、FEV0.3/FVC(用力肺活量)和功能残气量(FRC)分别为[(5.1±0.4)mL(、71±10)mL/s、(7.2±2.2)mL],与正常对照组[(6.0±0.3)mL、(87±3)mL/s、(2.9±1.1)mL]比较,差别有显著性(P<0.01)。BALF中IL-10和TNF-α含量分别为[(11.55±1.13)pg/mL、(44.85±6.47)pg/mL]与正常对照组[(15.40±2.12)pg/mL、(34.98±6.64)pg/mL]相比,差别有显著性(P<0.01)。模型组血浆中tPA、PAI-1和D-dimer的含量分别为[(0.77±0.10)IU/mL、(0.98±0.03)AU/mL、(0.37±0.08)mg/L]与对照组[(1.18±1.23)IU/mL(、0.79±0.06)AU/mL(、0.19±0.03)mg/L]比较,差别有显著性(P<0.01)。相关性分析显示D-dimer和TNF-α呈正相关(r=0.734,P<0.05)。结论:COPD大鼠体内存在血栓前状态,并且与气道炎症密切相关。     

新交泰饮对顺铂肾毒性大鼠TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:观察新交泰饮对顺铂肾毒性大鼠TGF-β1表达的影响,探讨其抗顺铂肾毒性的作用机制.方法:取60只大鼠随机分为5组,空白组、模型组、苯那普利阳性对照组(苯那普利组)、新交泰饮低剂量组(低剂量组)、新交泰饮高剂量组(高剂量组).采用尾静脉注射顺铂5 mg/kg,1 次/w,连续3次的方法复制顺铂肾毒性模型.于第1次注射顺铂当日,各组开始进行相应药物灌胃,6 w后观察大鼠肾组织的病理变化及TGF-β1在肾组织中的表达.结果:各给药组大鼠肾脏的病理变化明显减轻,模型组TGF-β1在肾小管上皮细胞强阳性表达,各给药组TGF-β1的表达明显减弱.结论:新交泰饮能减轻肾脏的病理变化,使TGF-β1在肾组织中的表达明显下调,这可能是本药抗顺铂肾毒性的作用机制之一.     

芍药苷对大鼠放射性肝纤维化的保护作用和机制研究

目的探讨芍药苷对大鼠放射性肝纤维化的保护作用及机制。方法建立雄性SD大鼠放射性肝纤维化实验动物模型,将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、芍药苷治疗组(20、40、80 mg·kg-1),每组10只。除正常对照组外,其余各组均制备成放射性肝纤维化模型,造模后各组每天给予相应药物灌胃。于照射后第26周末处死大鼠,检测大鼠血清中AST、ALT的活性,ELISA法测血清中TGF-β1、HA、PC-Ⅲ、LN含量;光镜下观察肝脏HE染色、MASSON染色病理改变;碱水法检测大鼠肝脏组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量,免疫组化法测肝脏组织TGF-β1、Smad3/4/7蛋白表达情况。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠肝脏损伤和胶原纤维增生明显,其血清中AST、ALT活性明显升高,血清中TGF-β1、HA、PC-Ⅲ、LN含量明显增加,大鼠肝脏组织中Hyp含量增加,另外大鼠肝脏组织中TGF-β1、Smad3/4/7蛋白表达增加。与模型组比较,芍药苷治疗组可明显抑制大鼠血清中AST、ALT活性的升高,降低血清中TGF-β1、HA、PC-Ⅲ、LN的含量,降低肝脏组织中Hyp含量,减轻肝脏损伤程度及胶原纤维增生程度;芍药苷治疗组可减少大鼠肝脏组织中TGF-β1和Smad3/4/7蛋白表达。结论芍药苷具有明显的抗肝纤维化作用,其机制可能与其阻断TGF-β1/Smad信号传导通路有关。     

丹参乙酸镁通过抑制TGF-β途径减轻脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制

目的 探讨丹参乙酸镁通过抑制转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)/激活素受体激酶5(activin receptor-like kinase 5,ALK5)/SMAD2/3(drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 2/3)/NADPH氧化酶(NADPH oxidase,NOX)/H2O2途径产生对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 构建大鼠线栓法脑缺血/再灌注模型,使大鼠脑缺血2 h后,再灌注24 h。实验动物随机平分为假手术组（sham组）、脑缺血/再灌注组（I/R组）、脑缺血/再灌注+丹参乙酸镁组（I/R+MLB组）和脑缺血/再灌注+溶媒组（I/R+vehicle组）4组,分别检测sham组、I/R组、I/R+MLB组以及I/R+vehide组动物死亡率、神经学评分、脑梗死体积、脑内TGF-β1含量、ALK5 mRNA及蛋白含量、pSMAD2/3蛋白含量、NOX活性及H2O2水平。结果 与I/R组比较, I/R+MLB组大鼠脑组织梗死体积明显缩小(P<0.01), TGF-β1含量(P<0.05)、pSMAD2/3蛋白含量(P<0.01)、NOX活性(P<0.01)和H2O2水平(P<0.01)均降低。结论 丹参乙酸镁具有抗脑缺血/再灌注损伤的作用,其机制与抑制TGF-β1/ALK5/SMAD2/3/NOX/H2O2通路有关。     

急性缺氧对大鼠血浆内皮素影响的研究

本文采用特异性放免法测定了不同缺氧条件下大鼠血浆内皮素含量,结果发现对照组(n=20)、单次缺氧组(n=17)、反复缺氧组雄鼠(n=11)以及雌鼠(n=9)的血浆内皮素含量分别为50.29±1.89、71.27±5.40、106.11±8.82和77.88±8.45pg/ml。单次或反复缺氧组与对照组相比差异非常显著(p<0.01或0.001)。本研究证实急性中度缺氧能引起血浆内皮素含量明显增加,而且雄性大鼠在反复缺氧以后还能进一步提高。目前已知内皮素是作用最强、持续时间最久的缩血管活性物质,体内含量过高可对心血管系统和脑微循环产生严重影响,应尽量避免。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.