西番莲蛋白饮料营养成分分析

目的 :为了解西番莲蛋白饮料营养成分 .方法 :采用食品检验国家标准方法 ,对西番莲蛋白饮料进行营养成分分析及评价 .结果 :西番莲蛋白饮料含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素、钙、锌和钾 .结论 :西番莲蛋白饮料值得开发推广 .     

离子对反相色谱法测定桑叶中水溶性维生素含量

目的：测定新疆不同地区、不同采集期、不同品种桑叶中水溶性维生素B1、B2(VitB1、VitB2)的含量，以此作为开发利用的标准。方法：采用离子对反相色谱法测定桑叶中的水溶性维生素含量．结果：不同采集期桑叶中VitB1和VitB2的含量基本相同，无明显的变化规律，VitB1和VitB2的平均含量分别为6．10、22．4 μg／g，VitB2的含量大约是VitB1含量的3倍。南疆地区(阿克苏、喀什、和田)的桑叶中VitB1和VitB2的含量比北疆(乌鲁木齐)和东疆(哈密、吐鲁番)地区桑叶中的含量略高。黑桑和白桑中VitB1和VitB2的含量基本相同．VitB1和VitB2的平均回收率分别为97．2％和97．5％，VitB1和VitB2含量的RSD分别为3．45％(n=6)和1．54％(n=6)。结论：用离子对反相色谱法测定桑叶中的水溶性维生素，方法简单、快速，结果准确，重现性好。     

云南野生食用菌、鲜花和蔬菜中4种维生素含量的分析及营养评价(摘要)

目的为了解云南野生食物资源的营养成分及价值,本研究首次对云南43种野生食用菌、鲜花及蔬菜进行烹调加工前后维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C和胡萝卜素含量的分析研究及营养评价,据此提出具有较大开发利用和推广价值的野生食物资源.该项研究填补了国内外食物分析的空白,为云南省野生食物资源的开发利用提供科学数据及理论依据.方法采用国内外公认的标准分析方法荧光测定食物中维生素B1、维生素B2及维生素C的含量,用纸色谱法测定胡萝卜素的含量.结果43种野生食用菌、鲜花及蔬菜均含有丰富的维生素,不同种类和同一种类不同品种之间维生素B1、维生素B2及维生素C含量差别较大.野生食用菌富含维生素B2,其中含量最高的是干巴菌(1.844 9 mg/100 g),但加工制品清水野生食用菌罐头维生素B1、维生素B2含量明显较低.野生蔬菜及鲜花富含维生素C和胡卜素,其中高河菜及元江芦荟花含维生素C分别高达135.7 mg/100 g和104.9 mg/100 g;小黑花中胡萝卜素含量更高达7.985 8 mg/100 g.不同的烹调加工方法对野生食用菌、鲜花及蔬菜中维生素皆有不同程度的破坏,烹调后维生素保存率差别较大.清水野生食用菌罐头维生素B1、维生素B2的保存率明显低于鲜样炒后维生素保存率(P<0.05),10种鲜花及蔬菜改进后的烹调加工方法维生素保存率较民间传统烹调加工方法高(P<0.05).结论干巴菌、高河菜、芦荟花、小黑药具有较大的开发利用价值,但应注意改进不合理的烹调加工方法以保存营养成分.测定结果系首次系统报道,为云南野生食物资源的开发及推广运用和评价本地区居民膳食中维生素摄入量提供科学参考依据.本文具有创新性、实用性和推广应用价值.     

B族维生素水平与2型糖尿病患者肾病进展的关系

目的 探讨B族维生素在2型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,type 2,T2DM）患者血浆中的水平差异并分析其与糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy, DN）进展的关联性。方法 选取2017年1月—2017年8月同济大学附属同济医院诊断为T2DM的住院患者209例,根据肾小球滤过率（glomerular filtration rate, GFR）和尿微量白蛋白的排泄率（urinary albumin excretion rates, UAER）将209例患者分为糖尿病无肾病组（n=99）、糖尿病轻度肾病组（n=70）和糖尿病中重度肾病组（n=40）。比较3组患者的维生素B1（VitB1）、维生素B2（VitB2）、维生素B6（VitB6）、叶酸（VitB9）、维生素B12（VitB12）及其他临床生化指标的含量,并进行相关性分析。结果 3组T2DM患者的白蛋白（albumin, ALB）、VitB6、VitB9、VitB12水平随肾脏病变程度的加重而降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine, Hcy）水平随肾脏病变程度的加重而升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;3组T2DM患者的ALB水平与VitB9、VitB12水平均呈正相关关系（r=0.198,P＜0.05;r=0.205,P＜0.05）,Hcy水平与VitB9、VitB12水平呈负相关关系（r=-0.414,P＜0.001;r=-0.276,P＜0.05）;VitB2水平与腰臀比（waist-to-hip ratio, WHR）水平呈正相关关系（r=0.150,P＜0.05）。结论 Hcy、VitB9及VitB12水平与T2DM患者的肾病进展密切相关,监测糖尿病患者的Hcy、VitB9及VitB12的含量有助于临床预测、判断DN的进展。     

维生素B1缺乏与防治

目的总结维生素B1功能及防治知识。方法通过对VitB1的由来、药理作用、缺乏症的临床表现和应用注意事项进行总结。结果大量资料证明缺乏VitB1会导致糖代谢紊乱,临床表现为神经系统、消化系统、心血管系统的功能障碍。结论VitB1是生命机体不可缺少的物质。     

B族维生素对60例奥沙利铂神经毒性预防的临床观察

目的：通过B族维生素神经的营养机制观察对奥沙利铂神经毒性的预防治疗作用。方法：对120例应用5-Fu,CF及奥沙利铂联合化疗病人，随机分为两组，一组给予VitB1、VitB6各（0．2～0．5）g，观察神经毒性和毒性出现持续时间。结果：加用B族维生素组末梢神毒性作用减弱或消退。结论：大剂量B族维生素治疗后末梢神经毒性出现时间明显延迟且症状持续时间短。     

老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平分析

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的异常变化,同时了解血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与叶酸、维生素B12(VitB12)的关系.方法 对47例老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者、44例老年2型糖尿病无合并脑梗死患者、43例健康老年人(对照组)进行血清Hcy与叶酸、VitB12分析.结果 老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死组的血清Hcy水平明显高于老年2型糖尿病无合并脑梗死组和对照组,叶酸、VitB12低于其他两组.结论 老年2型糖尿病患者除严格控制血糖外,有必要检测血清Hcy与叶酸、VitB12,及时给予补充叶酸和VitB12,以早期预防或延缓大血管并发症的出现,从而降低脑梗死的患病率和病死率.     

维生素B12对氧化应激损伤下神经细胞的保护机制

目的：探索维生素B12预处理对H2O2诱导下的神经细胞损伤的保护作用及自噬和凋亡蛋白表达的影响。方法：将大鼠肾上腺髓质嗜铬瘤分化细胞（PC12）分为对照组（Control组）RPMI 1640培养、损伤组（H2O2组）RPMI 1640培养并加入200 μmol/L的H2O2刺激,维生素B12保护组（H2O2+VitB12组）RPMI 1640培养加入200 μmol/L维生素B12预处理和200 μmol/L的H2O2刺激。24 h后检测细胞的活性,Western blot和免疫荧光检测凋亡及自噬相关蛋白表达水平。结果：与Control组比较,H2O2组的细胞存活率、细胞DNA复制水平降低,Bcl-2和P62蛋白的表达量下降,Bax、ATG-5和LC3蛋白的表达量明显上升,胞浆内LC3的激活数量上升（均P＜0.05)。与H2O2组比较,H2O2+VitB12组细胞存活率和细胞DNA复制水平上升,Bcl-2和P62蛋白的表达量上升,Bax、ATG-5和LC3蛋白的表达量显著下降,胞浆内LC3的激活数量下降（均P＜0.05)。结论：维生素B12能通过调控自噬抑制氧化应激诱导下的细胞凋亡。     

脑梗死患者血清铁蛋白叶酸和维生素B12测定的临床意义

目的 :探讨脑梗死 (CI)患者血清铁蛋白 (SF)、叶酸和维生素B12 (VitB12 )水平的变化。方法 :对 4 1例急性CI患者、37例CI恢复期患者及 4 5例健康对照者采用全自动微粒子化学发光免疫分析仪测定了血清SF、叶酸和VitB12 水平。结果 :急性CI患者血清SF水平明显高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,而叶酸水平显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,VitB12 含量也低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,恢复期SF、叶酸和VitB12 水平与对照组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :SF、叶酸和VitB12 可能参与了CI的病理、生理过程 ,动态测定血清SF、叶酸和VitB12 有助于病情观察。     

穴位肌注维生素B1和新斯的明治疗产后尿潴留的疗效分析

目的 对穴位肌内注射维生素B1(VitB1)和新斯的明治疗产后尿潴留的疗效进行分析.方法 对277例产后尿潴留患者分为单纯肌注新期的明(对照组)、穴位肌注新斯的明组(治疗组A)和穴位肌注VitB1和新斯的明(治疗组B),观察并比较3组患者的临床疗效.结果 3组(对照组、治疗组A和B)患者的有效率分别为71.1%、76.7%和88.9%,治疗组B与其他两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),对照组与治疗组A比较,差异无显著性(P=0.143).结论 穴位肌注VitB1配合新斯的明的效果比非穴位单用新斯的明的效果佳,能减少患者再次导尿的几率,降低感染率,减少住院费用.     

Results of computerized tomography, psychometric testing and dietary studies in social drinkers, with emphasis on reversibility after abstinence

The frequency of abnormal results of cranial computerized tomography (CT), psychometric testing and dietary studies was established in a prospective study of 39 light-to-moderate drinkers (below 120 g/day) of both sexes. Thirty-one subjects showed some degree of cerebral atrophy on CT scan and, of these, 25 also showed abnormalities on psychometric testing. Psychometric deficits were found in three subjects with a normal CT scan. Cerebral atrophy was reversed in 10 of 11 subjects who abstained from alcohol for between three and 12 months. On re-examination after six months, five of the 11 subjects showed improved performance in most psychometric tests. Sixteen subjects were deficient in some dietary factor and all but one of these had abnormal results of CT scan or psychometric testing. The deficiencies found were in kilojoules (six subjects), iron (five subjects), protein (four subjects), calcium (seven subjects), thiamin (six subjects), and ascorbic acid (one subject). Eight subjects had multiple dietary deficiencies; all but one were women. Four had a low red blood cell level of thiamin, but normal serum levels. This was thought to reflect an impairment in the metabolism of this vitamin due to the effect of alcohol. All four subjects with a low red blood cell thiamin level were found to have cerebral atrophy on CT scan and two had psychometric deficits.     

Nutritional status of a select group of free-living elderly people in Vancouver

A study was conducted to determine the nutritional status of the free-living elderly population in Vancouver. The response rate of the sample was low. Dietary information from 104 single men and women and 23 couples was collected by the 24-hour recall method. Biochemical tests in 56 single individuals and 13 couples included measurement of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, plasma analysis for concentrations of total protein, iron, carotene, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, vitamin E and cholesterol and for transferrin saturation, and urine analysis for concentrations of creatinine, thiamin, riboflavin and N¹-methylnicotinamide.

Mean energy intakes were considerably below the Dietary Standard for Canada. However, mean intakes of individual nutrients were similar to or in excess of the Dietary Standard for Canada for single men and women and for married men. Married women had low average intakes of calcium, iron, thiamin and riboflavin but adequate intakes of other nutrients. Mean values for biochemical variables were within the accepted range as defined by the Interdepartmental Committee of Nutrition for National Defense in the United States. According to the Nutrition Canada definitions of “high risk” there were no individuals in high-risk categories for any biochemical variable except plasma cholesterol concentration and transferrin saturation. The dietary and biochemical data indicated that the nutritional status in this select group of elderly persons was good except for intake of total energy and, in married women, of calcium, iron, thiamin and riboflavin.

     

长沙市33例离退休老年人营养调查

作者对长沙市33名60～70岁的男性老人进行了营养调查,结果表明每人每日平均摄入热能2593千卡,与热能消耗量(2615千卡)基本平衡。每人每日平均摄入蛋白质74克。可满足老人需要。脂肪所占热能比(30.9％)偏高,碳水化合物则偏低(54.7％)。维生素A、B_1、B_2及C摄入量不足老人需要。     

Dietary intake of some essential micronutrients in China

Objective :Based on the data collected in the 1992 national nutrition survey in China,the food consumption and nutrients intake were calculated,and the consumption of some micronutrients was evaluated.Method:Dietary data were obtained by using a three days‘ inventory change plus food weighing in combination with 24 hours recall method for three consecutive days.The food consumption and nutrients intake were calculated in accordance with the Chinese food composition table.The consumption of smoe micronutrients was evaluated in reference to the Chinese RDAs.Results:The average intakes of niacin,ascorbic acid and vitamin E were sufficient,whereas that of zinc,selenium and thiamin were between 80% and 90% RADs.The consumption of calcium,retionl equivalent and ribiflavin was low compared with the Chinese RDAs,Calcium was the most imsufficient nutrient in CHinese diet,Conclusion:Food fortification seems necessary for improving the nutritional status of smoe micronutrients in China.     

ASCORBIC ACID INHIBITION OF 3_METHYLCHOLANTHRENE INDUCED CARCINOMA OF GLANDULAR STOMACH lN MICE

Inhibition of orally administe;red ascorbic acid of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) induced car- cinoma of glandular sitomac.h in male LACA mice is studied. The animals are divided int0 3 groups.: Group MC consists oif 54 mice in whch a knotted thread impregnated with MC was fix- ed on the mucosal surface of glandular sto- mach; Gro,up vitamin C (VO) consists of 23 mice, treated in the same way with the addition of oral ascorbic acid in the drinking water; the control group consists of 23 mice in which an ordinary untreated knotted thread was fixed on the glandular stomach. The incidences of ade- noma-like hyperplasia and tumor formation in Group VC (50Vo and 27.8To) were lower than those in Group MC (77.3% a.nd 65.9'yo). By using acid a-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) stain- ing, the number of T lympihocytes in the peri- pheral blood was calc;ulated. After the animals were exposed to MC, the percentage of ANAE positive lymphocytes in the Group YC decreas.ed less than in Group MC, and recovery was more rapid. It is suggested that ascorbic acid can protect immunocom.petence of the animal and therefore hasten recovery, this may be one of the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of as- corbic acid on MC induced carcinogenesis in mouse glandular stomach.     

维药铁力木的生药学特征及其不同萃取部位抗血小板聚集作用研究

目的：研究维药铁力木的生药学特征及其不同萃取部位的抗血小板聚集作用,为其鉴别和应用提供参考依据。方法采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等方法对维药铁力木进行生药学鉴定;以体外抗血小板聚集实验（比浊法）评价铁力木不同萃取部位的抗血小板聚集作用。结果铁力木粉末中散在花粉粒、草酸钙簇晶、螺纹导管、非腺毛,数量较多,可见平轴式气孔、腺毛、方形或多边形的薄壁细胞。维药铁力木中可能含有甾体类、油脂类、酚类、蒽醌类、黄酮类、强心苷类、香豆素类化合物;展开系统为石油醚-乙酸乙酯-丙酮-冰醋酸（10∶1∶1∶02．）的高效硅胶G板上齐墩果酸与铁力木样品在相同的位置出现了明显的斑点（R f ＝04．8）;体外抗血小板聚集实验结果显示,铁力木石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇及水萃取部位均有不同程度的抑制血小板聚集作用,其中正丁醇萃取部位的作用最强。结论本研究初步确定了维药铁力木的粉末特征和可能含有的化学成分及其齐墩果酸薄层色谱鉴别方法,其不同萃取部位均有抗血小板聚集作用,为维药铁力木的鉴定及进一步开发利用提供了参考依据。     

芦笋中硒元素的测定方法探究

目的：建立测定芦笋中硒含量的方法。方法：采用硝酸一高氯酸微波消解后,在铁氰化钾一盐酸体系中,选用最佳氢化物发生原子荧光法测定条件,采用标准曲线法定量分析。结果：该法线性范围为0—0．8μg,／mL,检出限为0．024μg／mL,回收率为96．7-103．3％,相对标准偏差为1．28％。结论：本方法简单、准确,适用于芦笋中硒的含量测定。。     

马兰多糖的含量测定

目的 测定马兰中多糖含量,为马兰的应用和质量评价提供科学依据.方法 以葡萄糖为对照品,采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,在490 nm波长下测定多糖含量.结果 不同产地、采收时间的马兰多糖含量差异显著.结论 苯酚-硫酸比色法操作简单,重复性好,结果准确可靠,可用于马兰中多糖的含量测定.     

抗坏血酸透析液对尿毒症患者静脉铁剂诱导的氧化应激影响

目的 观察抗坏血酸透析液对静脉铁剂诱导的维持性血液透析患者氧化应激的影响。方法 选择应用氢氧化铁蔗糖复合物治疗的维持性血液透析患者10例,分别给予抗坏血酸透析液透析和在透析过程中静脉滴注抗坏血酸进行干预,测定血浆及红细胞丙二醛(MDA)、抗坏血酸和维生素E水平,通过计算MDA:胆固醇的曲线下面积(AUC0-180min)判断其疗效。结果 氢氧化铁蔗糖复合物注射后,血糖MDA明显升高(P<0.05),60 min达高峰,抗坏血酸水平明显下降。抗坏血酸透析液可明显降低血浆MDA和AUC0-180min(P<0.05),静脉注射抗坏血酸也可降低血浆MDA,但至后期出现再次升高的趋势,其AUC0-180min与未用抗坏血酸相比无显著性差异。结论 抗坏血酸透析液可明显降低维持性血液透析患者由静脉铁剂诱导的氧化应激,效果优于静脉注射途径。