遗传性压力易感性周围神经病

遗传性压力易感性周围神经病（hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies，HNPP）在临床上由轻微的甚至难以觉察的损伤所诱发，以易嵌压部位的反复发作的神经麻痹为特点。临床神经电生理检查显示，无论17p11．2的PMP22基因存在缺失者临床上有无症状，以及临床上神经是否受累及，患者均可能出现感觉神经传导速度及运动神经传导速度减慢，     

经基因确诊的遗传性压力易感性周围神经病的临床与神经电生理分析

目的:探讨遗传性压力易感性周围神经病(HNPP)的临床、神经电生理及基因特点,为该病的诊断提供依据.方法:对3例患者进行临床特点总结、行电生理检查和基因检测.结果:3例患者均表现为无痛性下肢远端无力.电生理检查示四肢广泛神经传导速度减慢.基因检测示3例患者均存在周围髓鞘蛋白22(PMP22)基因缺失突变.结论:HNPP多以神经易卡压部位发病,表现为受累神经支配区的运动感觉异常,神经电生理表现为广泛神经脱髓鞘损伤,基因检测能确诊.     

遗传性压力易感性周围神经病散发病例临床及电生理分析

目的探讨遗传性压力易感性周围神经病(HNPP)散发病例的临床及电生理特征。方法回顾性分析5例基因诊断明确的散发性HNPP患者的临床及电生理资料。结果本组5例患者,病例1,男,27岁,右手麻木无力20 d;病例2,男,63岁,右足下垂15 a,左前臂麻木疼痛4 a,右足疼痛15 d;病例3,男,13岁,双手麻木无力21 d;病例4,男,15岁,左上臂无力伴右手麻木无力7 d;病例5,男,27岁,右手麻木14 d。5例患者均无家族史,2例脑脊液蛋白升高。5例神经电生理检查提示广泛周围神经脱髓鞘性损害,神经易嵌压处运动神经传导速度减慢。基因检测显示5例患者均存在周围髓鞘蛋白22基因杂合缺失突变。结论对于临床表现为单神经病或多发性单神经病,电生理表现为广泛性神经易嵌压部位脱髓鞘损害的散发性患者,需注意HNPP,明确诊断需行周围髓鞘蛋白22基因检测。     

遗传性运动感觉神经病合并心肌肥大的电生理研究

本文报告一家三代遗传性运动感觉性神经病（ＨＭＳＮ）合并肥厚性心肌病（ＨＣＭ）１２例患者及１例无症状者的肌电图（ＥＭＧ）、神经传导速度（ＮＣＶ）、脑电图（ＥＥＧ）、体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）和常规心电图（ＥＫＧ），结果表明：ＥＭＧ、ＮＣＶ、ＥＥＧ、ＳＥＰ和ＥＫＧ异常率分别为：９４．２％、９５．２％、７６．９％、９２．３％和９２．３％。     

经基因诊断确诊的遗传性压迫易感性神经病临床特点分析

目的 研究经基因诊断确诊的遗传性压迫易感性神经病（hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies，HNPP）患者的临床特点和电生理特征。方法 对来自4个家系的5例HNPP患者进行基因诊断，并总结患者的临床特点，同时分析其电生理特征，包括肌电图（EMG）、运动神经传导速度（MCV）和感觉神经传导速度（SCV）。结果 5例患者均存在周围髓鞘蛋白22（peripheralmyelinationprotein22，PMP22）基因缺失。HNPP临床主要表现为反复发作的肢体麻木、无力，神经传导存在广泛异常。结论电生理检查对HNPP的诊断很重要，基因检测发现PMP22基因缺失是诊断HNPP的金标准。     

遗传性感觉交感神经病Ⅰ型一家系的临床、电生理和病理改变

目的报道一个遗传性感觉交感神经病Ⅰ型（HSANⅠ）家系的临床、病理和电生理改变特点。方法先证者为28岁男性，出现双下肢痛觉缺失1年余，伴随双脚多发溃疡，先证者之母在30岁出现双足麻木和溃疡。对先证者的周围神经和自主神经进行电生理检查，对腓肠神经进行病理检查。结果先证者手部皮肤交感反应延长，在足部没有引出；感觉神经传导速度在上肢出现减慢，（右尺神经33m／s，左正中神经45m／s），在下肢无反应；运动神经传导速度在上肢正常或减慢，在下肢减慢或无反应。腓肠神经的有髓神经纤维完全脱失，无髓神经纤维出现严重脱失。结论我国存在HSANⅠ型家系，病理检查显示有髓神经纤维和无髓神经纤维均被严重累及。皮肤交感反应检查交感神经损害的程度有助于该病的诊断。     

CMT1A型与遗传性压迫易感性周围神经病的神经电生理对比研究

目的 探讨腓骨肌萎缩症1A型(CMT1A)与遗传性压力易感性神经病(HNPP)在神经电生理检测的不同特点.方法 记录9例CMT1A型和12例HNPP患者的临床特点,对两组患者进行了正中神经、尺神经、胫神经、腓总神经运动神经传导速度检测和正中神经、尺神经、胫神经、腓浅神经、腓肠神经感觉神经传导速度检测.结果 CMT1A型患者存在广泛的电生理异常,四肢周围神经NCV都明显减慢或消失,而且感觉和运动减慢程度一致,并且对任何节段周围神经的影响程度相同;HNPP患者的电生理特点是广泛的SCV不同程度减慢,而MCV减慢相对较轻且不同节段程度不同,主要是末端潜伏期值延长,以及明显的运动神经易卡压部位传导阻滞.结论 神经电生理检测是该两种疾病诊断及鉴别诊断的重要手段,短节段电位检测可证实HNPP的嵌压部位.     

遗传性压迫易感性神经病

遗传性压迫易感性神经病是一种较为罕见的常染色体显性遗传周围神经病。临床上主要表现为青少年起病、轻微外伤后反复出现的单神经病或多神经病,大多数发作可自行好转,多次发作后可遗留部分体征,电生理检查有弥漫性神经传导速度减慢,周围神经病理特征为节段性脱髓鞘性周围神经病伴腊肠样结构形成。绝大多数家系是由于17p11.2上一长约1.5Mb、包含周围神经髓鞘蛋白22(PMP-22)基因的大片段缺失所致,少数家系为PMP-22基因的碱基缺失。     

遗传性压力敏感性周围神经病

遗传性压力敏感性周围神经病（HNPP）是一种常染色体显性遗传的周围神经病。HNPP的分子基础是染色体17p11．2区的一个1．5Mb片段缺失。临床特点为反复发作的在易卡压部位神经受压后，受累神经所支配区域出现运动感觉障碍。本病早期准确诊断后采取预防措施可减少发作。本文就HNPP的病因、临床特点及诊断等作一综述。     

应用多重连接依赖性探针扩增技术快速诊断遗传性压力敏感性周围神经病

目的 介绍多重连接依赖性探针扩增(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification,MLPA)技术在遗传性压力敏感性周围神经病(hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies,HNPP)患者基因诊断中的应用.方法 应用MLPA技术检测8例临床拟诊为HNPP患者及5名健康对照者的周围髓鞘蛋白22(peripheral myelin protein 22,PMP22)基因、筑丝蛋白3基因及细胞色素c氧化酶组装蛋白10(cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 10,COX10)基因外显子拷贝数.结果 7例临床拟诊的HNPP患者所检测的PMP22基因、筑丝蛋白3基因及COX10基因各外显子峰面积较健康对照明显减低,各基因的拷贝数为1,提示为大片段杂合缺失;另1例临床拟诊的HNPP患者所检测的PMP22基因、筑丝蛋白3基因及COX10基因峰面积正常,各基因拷贝数为2,未发现杂合缺失.结论 MLPA技术能快速、准确地对HNPP患者的HNPP相关基因进行定量分析,可用于HNPP患者的快速基因诊断.     

Loss-of-function phenotype of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) provides a human model to investigate the role of PMP22 in myelinated peripheral nerve, since the disease is caused by a deletion of one of the two PMP22 alleles. To systematically characterize the phenotype of HNPP, we prospectively evaluated the clinical features and electrophysiological findings in 17 genetically confirmed patients, 7 men and 10 women, ranging in age from 9 to 66 years (mean, 41 +/- 13). Fifteen symptomatic patients presented with episodes of transient focal weakness or sensory loss that were usually related to particular activities causing nerve compression, including stretching or minor repetitive focal trauma. No patient sought medical attention for symptoms of a symmetric polyneuropathy. Neurological examinations were either normal or mildly abnormal. Neither focal slowing of nerve conduction studies, nor reduction in compound muscle action potential (CMAP) or sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes consistently predicted the site of symptoms. We conclude that the majority of patients with HNPP present with transient, recurrent, focal symptoms of weakness or sensory loss in the distribution of individual nerves or plexus, and that a diffuse symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy is an unusual presentation of HNPP. These studies suggest that the function of PMP22, at least in part, is to stabilize myelin so that it will be protected from injuries resulting from repetitive, minor trauma.     

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies

Summary Clinical, neurophysiological and pathological investigations were carried out in 11 affected members of 2 families with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). The observations were related to findings in 261 cases of 47 families published in the literature. It was concluded that HNPP is a nosological entity characterized by the following diagnostic criteria: (1) an autosomal dominant inheritance; (2) the clinical presentation of a recurrent mononeuropathy simplex or multiplex, frequently related to an inadequate trauma to peripheral nerves; (3) a significant slowing of motor and sensory conduction velocity in clinically affected, but also in clinically unaffected nerves; (4) characteristic morphological findings in sural nerve biopsy featuring tomaculous swellings of myelin sheaths, transnodal myelination and segmental demyelination. The pathogenesis of HNPP is not clear. Hypothetical explanations of the pathogenesis of HNPP are discussed.In memory of Albert Bischoff (1921–1981), Professor of Neurology, University of Berne     

遗传性压迫易感性神经病（附一家系2例报告）

本文报告遗传性压迫易感性神经病一家系母女 2例患者的临床及电生理资料。2例均在 2 5岁起病 ,呈常染色体显性遗传。临床表现为反复肢体麻木、乏力 ,多于用力、提重物或轻度外伤后出现 ,数日至半个月左右自行好转。电生理检查有弥漫性神经传导速度减慢。周围神经病理特点为节段性脱髓鞘及腊肠样结构形成。已发现大部分本病家系均有 17p11.2上一 1.5Mb片段 (含有 PMP- 2 2基因 )的大缺失 ,少数家系为 PMP- 2 2基因碱基缺失。及时诊断 ,避免重体力劳动和外伤 ,可明显改善患者的预后     

Recurrent familial neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies

Summary Electrophysiological, histological and ultrastructural studies on two patients (one family) with familial neuropathy and a liability to pressure palsies are reported. There was slowing of nerve conduction velocities and increase of distal latencies of clinically affected and clinically non-affected nerves. These alterations were confirmed by biopsy of the sural nerve which had the characterized signs of the disease. Pathogenetically there seems to be an endogeneous metabolic defect of the Schwann cell to synthetize a normal myelin sheath, which is responsible for the particular susceptibility to mechanical damage.

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Zusammenfassung Es werden zwei Fälle einer familären rezidivierenden polytopen Neuropathie dargestellt. Es wird das klinische und elektrophysiologische Bild und die Charakteristika der lichtmikroskopischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Nervenveränderungen beschrieben. Elektrophysiologisch konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß die Verlangsamung der Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit und der distalen Latenzzeit auch klinisch nicht lädierte Nerven betrifft. Die typischen histologischen Merkmale dieser Krankheit waren in der Biopsie des N. suralis erkennbar. In pathogenetischer Hinsicht muß man wohl annehmen, daß es sich um eine endogene metabolische Entgleisung der Schwannschen Zelle handelt, die nicht mehr fähig ist, eine normale Myelin zu produzieren, die dann den mechanischen Noxen gegenüber besonders empfindlich wird.

     

Sonographic features in hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies

Introduction: Diagnostic nerve ultrasound is becoming more commonly used by both radiologists and clinicians. The features of different neuromuscular conditions must be described to broaden our understanding and ability to interpret findings. Methods: Our study examines the sonographic features of 7 subjects with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) in comparison to 32 controls by measuring the nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the median, ulnar and tibial nerves. Results: Significant differences (P < 0.05) in nerve size were found. The HNPP group had a larger CSA for the median nerve at the wrist and ulnar nerve at the elbow (entrapment sites), but not the forearms. The tibial nerve at the ankle was also larger in the HNPP group, suggesting possible concomitant tibial neuropathy at the ankle. Conclusion: These results will help shape imaging protocols to better detect conditions with non‐uniform nerve enlargements. Muscle Nerve 2011     

Epidemiology of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) in south western Finland

An epidemiological study of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) was carried out in south western Finland, with a population of 435 000. The diagnosis was established in 69 patients from 23 unrelated families through family and medical history, clinical neurological and neurophysiological examinations and with documentation of the deletion at gene locus 17p11.2 in at least one member of each family. This gave a prevalence of at least 16/100 000, which is remarkably high. However, due to the insidious nature of HNPP, most probably it is still an underestimation. This is the first population-based prevalence figure reported for HNPP. The prevalence is somewhat lower than that obtained for CMT in the same population, which agrees with the proposal that HNPP and CMT 1A are reciprocal products of the same unequal crossing-over. The clinical pictures of our patients were, in general, similar to those previously described in HNPP.