Concentrations of vitamins A, C and E in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease.

Concentrations of the naturally occurring antioxidant vitamins A, C and E were measured in 27 patients with Parkinson''s disease and 16 age-matched control subjects, from a similarly disabled patient group. There was no significant difference in the serum concentrations of vitamins A and E in the two groups. Vitamin C was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the Parkinson''s disease group, however, the mean leucocyte vitamin C concentration in the control group was low (101 nmol/10(8) WBCS) compared to established data in healthy young individuals (119-301 nmol/10(8) WBCS). There was no correlation between the severity or duration of Parkinson''s disease and concentrations of vitamins A, C and E. There is therefore no evidence from this study that a deficiency of these antioxidants contributes to the onset or progress of Parkinson''s disease.     

Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson''s disease is a common disabling disease of old age. The diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson''s disease is based on clinical signs and has poor sensitivity, with about 25% of patients confidently diagnosed as having the disease actually having other conditions such as multi-system atrophy and other parkinsonism-plus syndromes. Benign essential tremor and arteriosclerotic pseudo-parkinsonism can easily be confused with Parkinson''s disease. The cause of Parkinson''s disease remains unknown. Speculative research highlights the role of oxidative stress and free radical mediated damage to dopaminergic cells. Parkinson''s disease is the one neurodegenerative disorder in which drugs have been demonstrated to be of value. There is now a wide variety of drugs and formulations available, including anticholinergics, amantidine, L-dopa, dopamine agonists including apomorphine, selegiline and soon to be available catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors. Disabling side-effects of treatment, fluctuations, dyskinesias and psychiatric problems require strategic use of the drugs available. There is an increasing potential for neurosurgical intervention.     

Primary antibody deficiency and Crohn's disease

Five patients with primary antibody deficiency were investigated because of intermittent but persistent diarrhoea of several years duration despite immunoglobulin replacement therapy. We found no evidence of Giardia lambia or other intestinal pathogens to explain their gastrointestinal symptoms. All five had definite radiological evidence of small bowel Crohn''s disease and three had histological specimens available with abnormalities consistent with Crohn''s disease. One patient had a non-caseating granuloma in an oral ulcer. A second patient with stricturing disease in the small bowel had a mucosal inflammatory infiltrate with non-caseating granulomas. A third had transmural inflammation but no granulomas. All five patents were diagnosed as having Crohn''s disease and have responded symptomatically to steroid therapy.


     

太极拳运动对轻中度帕金森病患者步态和姿势控制的影响

目的探讨太极拳运动对轻中度帕金森病患者步态和姿势控制的影响。方法选择轻中度帕金森病患者80例,分为太极拳组和对照组。太极拳组42例,男24例,女18例;年龄62～83（65.25±6.37）岁。对照组38例,男20例,女18例,年龄60～79（67.78±5.36）岁。对太极拳组患者进行为期16周的太极拳训练,3次/周。分别于治疗前、后对两组患者进行UPDRSIII评分、步态分析和稳定极限测试,选取步幅、步速、步频、步幅变异度、压力中心移动面积、压力中心移动距离和压力中心偏移速度进行比较分析。结果太极拳组患者治疗后,步幅、步速均较治疗前增加,步幅变异度、UPDRSIII、压力中心移动面积、压力中心移动距离和压力中心移动速度均较治疗前明显减小,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,步频差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。对照组上述指标治疗前、后差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论太极拳训练可以有效改善轻中度帕金森病患者的异常步态和姿势控制,是值得推广的抗帕金森病运动训练方法。     

Increased intestinal permeability in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Intestinal permeability can be measured by the sugar absorption test. This test is based on determining the ratio of the urinary excretion of a large and a small carbohydrate after oral administration. The aim of this study was to determine which combination of carbohydrates used in the test gives the highest correlation with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease. 26 patients with Crohn's disease, 21 patients with ulcerative colitis and 27 healthy control subjects were included in the study. The patients with inflammatory bowel disease had either minimal or highly active disease or were in remission. Two disaccharides (lactulose: L, and cellobiose: C) and two smaller carbohydrates (rhamnose:R, and mannitol:M) were given orally and the urinary excretion was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography followed by pulsed amperometric electrochemical detection on a gold electrode. The ratios C/R, L/R, C/M and L/M were used as indicators for intestinal permeability. - There were no side effects of oral sugar administration. All patients tolerated the test well. Lactulose, rhamnose and cellobiose concentrations are easily be measured in the urine whereas mannitol measurement requires the use of an anion exchanger. This produced inconsistent results. Patients with Crohn's disease or with ulcerative colitis had increased permeability indices in comparison to healthy controls, even in remission. The L/R ratio gave a better differentiation between the healthy controls and patients with active disease than the other agents. Changes in disease activity are best reflected by use of cellobiose/rhamnose excretion quotient.     

Study of familial Parkinson's disease in Russia, Uzbekistan, and Zambia

Objective: The aims of this study were (A) to determine inheritance patterns of familial Parkinson''s disease in three different geographical areas (Russia, Uzbekistan, and Zambia); (B) compare clinical characteristics of familial with sporadic Parkinson''s disease; and (C) assess whether there were ethnic differences in clinical manifestations of the disease. Methods: Fifty two index cases of familial Parkinson''s disease in Moscow, 55 in Tashkent, and 27 in Lusaka were selected on the basis of the typical clinical features of Parkinson''s disease with a familial history. The sex ratio, transmission patterns, and segregation ratio were determined by pedigree analysis. Results: Familial Parkinson''s disease was found in all three countries (30 families in Russia, 12 in Uzbekistan, and seven in Zambia), and appeared more common in Russia. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive patterns of inheritance were seen, but autosomal dominance was more common in all countries. Conclusions: In all three countries men have a higher risk of developing Parkinson''s disease than women and there are ethnic differences in clinical manifestations of the disease. The onset of both familial and sporadic Parkinson''s disease in Zambian patients occurs at a younger age and is associated with slow progression and a benign course, and generally responds well to levodopa treatment.     

Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in Parkinson's disease: does it have a role?

Apomorphine is a potent dopamine agonist at both D1 and D2 receptors and has been used successfully for treating the ''on/off'' phenomenon in Parkinson''s disease. We report our experience with apomorphine in treating the ''on/off'' phenomenon in L-dopa responsive idiopathic Parkinson''s disease. Thirteen such patients were commenced on apomorphine infusions. Their mean age was 69 (range 53-80) years and the mean duration of the disease was 15 (range 6-28) years. The clinical response to apomorphine was good in four patients, fair in two, unchanged in five and worse in two. Activities of daily living improved in six, were unchanged in five and worse in two. When the response was poor or showed no change, apomorphine was discontinued. In addition, apomorphine was also discontinued in three patients who had had a fair/good response but suffered side effects of hallucinations, delusions and psychosis, lack of cooperation or found the pump inconvenient. Apomorphine was continued in only three patients out of 13.     

帕金森病与非帕金森病患者围手术期并发症的对比研究

目的 回顾性分析帕金森与非帕金森患者围手术期并发症的发生情况,为帕金森患者的围手术期管理提供依据。方法 选取2014年1月—2019年3月在贵州医科大学附属医院行手术治疗的82例患者作为实验组,另取同期该院行手术治疗的164例非帕金森患者作为对照组。比较两组患者临床资料、围手术期并发症发生率等。结果 两组临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。对照组术后疼痛发生率高于实验组（P <0.05）;而实验组术后肺部感染、泌尿系统感染及谵妄发生率较对照组升高（P <0.05）。两组术后切口感染、胃肠道反应、呼吸功能不全、心律失常及心功能不全等并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 帕金森病患者围手术期更容易发生肺部感染、泌尿系统感染及术后谵妄,但相较于非帕金森病患者术后疼痛的发生率降低。     

非运动症状对帕金森病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨非运动症状对帕金森病患者生活质量的影响。方法对45例帕金森病患者和50例中老年健康人群（对照组）采用帕金森病非运动症状问卷调查、简易智能精神量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、匹兹堡睡眠指数、阿尔茨海默病评定量表-认知部分、日常生活能力量表评定患者智能和抑郁、焦虑、睡眠、记忆、生活质量状况。结果帕金森病患者在智能、抑郁、焦虑、睡眠、记忆、生活质量方面均低于对照组。患者非运动症状与病程呈正相关,与智能、抑郁、焦虑、睡眠、记忆、生活质量呈负相关,与年龄、性别、发病年龄无相关。结论积极治疗帕金森病患者的非运动症状,加强心理干预是提高其生活质量不可忽视的重要方面。     

帕金森病的异常姿势研究进展

帕金森病患者常出现姿势异常,这些异常姿势限制了患者的日常生活能力。本文将对帕金森病常见的异常姿势及其治疗研究进展进行综述。     

帕金森病全脑比率低频振幅静息态功能磁共振研究

目的利用静息态功能磁共振比率低频振幅的方法探讨帕金森病可能的病理生理机制及异常的脑功能变化。方法选取本院神经内科2015年7月~2016年10月收治的帕金森病患者22例,并选取22例年龄、性别、受教育程度都与其匹配的健康对照者;对帕金森"关"期和帕金森"开"期分别进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,用比率低频振幅算法分析帕金森病患者服药前后脑功能的变化。结果相对于健康对照组,帕金森病"关"期比率低频振幅值升高的脑区位于双侧颞叶、左侧小脑前叶、左侧枕叶、左侧顶叶及双侧楔前叶等脑区,而比率低频振幅值减少的脑区位于双侧小脑后叶、双侧壳核、右侧额中回等脑区。相对于帕金森病"关"期,"开"期时增高的脑区位于左侧枕叶、右侧舌回、左侧小脑前叶、左侧丘脑、左侧运动前回、左侧壳核等脑区,而比率低频振幅值减少的脑区主要位于双侧小脑后叶、左侧额中回、右侧顶下小叶、左侧楔前叶等脑区。PD患者的UP3改善率与PD患者"开-关"期左侧丘脑的f ALFF差值呈显著的正相关。结论利用比率低频振幅这种算法,我们发现帕金森病患者某些局部脑区相对于健康对照发生了明显变化,这些变化最终导致相关运动环路受损,而有些脑区可能在帕金森病发病过程中起到代偿作用。服用美多芭后对基底节环路具有修饰作用。丘脑作为运动环路的一个重要节点,其f ALFF值变化可以作为反映疾病进展程度的一个标志。     

滋肾益髓方联合西药治疗帕金森氏病患者非运动症状的疗效观察

[目的]探讨滋肾益髓方联合西药治疗帕金森氏病患者非运动症状的疗效。[方法]选用证型为髓海不足证的帕金森氏病患为研究对象,进行前瞻性平行对照试验,按治疗组、对照组1∶1共计60例,其中治疗组30例,对照组30例。治疗组采用中西医结合疗法,给予滋肾益髓方药联合西药(标准左旋多巴剂量),对照组维持仅口服西药治疗,观察周期为1个月,停药后随访3个月。在治疗过程中通过帕金森病统一评定量表(UPDRS)及30项非运动症状筛查问卷(NMSQ)等国际公认的评价体系评估患者的临床症状,采用对比分析法评定疗效。[结果]与治疗前对比,治疗组病患治疗后不同时间内的UPDRS总评分值、NMSQ评分值均有明显下降,与治疗前相比具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]滋肾益髓方联合西药治疗帕金森氏病患非运动症状的疗效确切。     

神经节苷脂治疗老年帕金森病疗效观察

目的 探讨神经节苷脂治疗老年帕金森病患者临床症状的疗效。方法60例帕金森病患者随机分为两组,两组病情(震颤、强直、行走、语言)Webster评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组每日给予神经节苷脂100ml静脉滴注,对照组予丹参20ml静脉滴注。两组均给予左旋多巴每日300mg,分3~4次服用,共2周。每个患者开始时都作血常规、尿常规、肝功能、肾功能、血糖、血脂检查,用以评价药物的安全。比较两组治疗前后临床症状Webster评分变化。结果 治疗组、对照组各30例,治疗后疗效有显著性差异;两组患者治疗前后临床症状Webster评分变化提示治疗组在改善强直、震颤、姿势、面容、步态、语言、自我照顾等各方面的差异均有显著性;而对照组仅在改善强直、步态方面差异有显著性。结论 神经节苷脂对改善老年帕金森患者临床症状有显著疗效。     

神经节苷脂辅助盐酸多奈哌齐片对帕金森病认知能力和生活质量的影响分析

选取在我院接受治疗的124例帕金森病患者,按照所用药物方案分为对照组68例和神经节苷脂组56例,在治疗前后应用蒙特利尔认知量表(MOCA)、简易智力状况检查法(MMSE)对患者认知能力进行评价,应用统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、39项帕金森病调查问卷中文版(PDQ-39)对患者生活质量进行评价,并分析组间药物相关不良反应情况。治疗后,神经节苷脂组患者MMSE评分、MoCA评分分显著高于对照组,UPDRS评分分、PDQ-39评分分显著低于对照组;神经节苷脂组不良反应与对照组比较,P＞0.05。神经节苷脂辅助盐酸多奈哌齐片能够提高帕金森病患者的认知能力和生活质量,对帕金森预后效果有改善作用。     

IL-6基因多态性与帕金森病预后的关系

目的 探讨IL-6基因rs1800796多态性与帕金森病预后的关系。方法 收集2017年1月—2019年12月聊城市人民医院就诊的帕金森病患者80例作为帕金森病组;同期收集该院体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。检测患者IL-6基因C-572G位点（rs1800796）的多态性,比较两组研究对象基因型频率和等位基因频率的差异,分析IL-6不同基因型帕金森患者经美多巴治疗后的疗效差异。结果 帕金森病组IL-6基因C-572G位点（rs1800796）CC野生型和等位基因C频率低于对照组（均P <0.05）,而GG纯合型和等位基因G频率高于对照组（均P <0.05）。美多芭治疗前、后UPDRS、PDQ-39、MMSE和MoCA评分CC型最低,CG型次之,而GG型最高（P <0.05）。结论 IL-6基因C-572G位点（rs1800796）多态性与帕金森病预后均存在密切的关系,发生鸟嘌呤核苷酸（G）突变患者具有更为严重的病情。     

中国帕金森病患者的经济负担及相关因素调查研究

目的  研究中国帕金森病（PD）患者的经济负担现状及其影响因素。方法  对495例帕金森病例进行问卷调查，掌握患者及其家庭的基本资料以及2014年全年治疗PD支出费用的情况。应用Hoehn-Yahr分级量表来评定患者病情严重程度。采用SPSS 22.0进行相关性分析和多元回归分析，判断中国PD患者疾病经济负担的现状及其相关影响因素。结果  中国PD患者年平均经济负担为29 718元，其中直接医疗费用平均值为21 035元，直接非医疗费用平均值为6 042元，间接费用平均值为2 641元。调查样本指标相关性后发现，患者的地区分布、家庭收入情况以及参保情况对部分费用有影响。多元回归分析显，PD患者的病情严重程度及文化程度影响PD经济负担。结论  目前中国PD患者的疾病经济负担非常重；患者的病情严重程度、地区分布、文化程度及家庭收入情况等因素在不同程度上影响着经济负担。

     

帕金森病异动症发病的相关因素分析

目的  探讨帕金森病异动症（LID）发生的相关因素。方法  应用统一帕金森病（PD）评分量表（UPDRS）第2、3部分和第4-A部分,Hoehn-Yahr分期评分共随访410例PD患者,将UPDRS量表第IV-A部分32项≥1分的患者纳入LID组,并与非LID组的年龄、性别、发病年龄、主要临床亚型、病程、使用多巴制剂的疗程及当前的治疗情况等因素进行统计分析。结果  410例帕金森病患者中的396例患者坚持规律服药2个月以上,并且其中的105例患者出现异动症,LID组与非LID组在性别、年龄、发病年龄、病程、使用左旋多巴疗程、剂量、Hoehn-Yahr分期及统一帕金森病评分量表第3部分评分之间差异有统计学意义。异动症相关的多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、发病年龄、病程及使用左旋多巴的日剂量是LID发生的独立危险因素。结论  女性患者,年龄及发病年龄较轻,病程较长以及使用左旋多巴日剂量较大的帕金森病患者易发生异动症。

     

The Natural Progression of Parkinson's Disease in a Small Cohort with 15 Drug-na?ve Patients

Background:

The studies of the natural progression of Parkinson''s disease (PD) in Chinese populations have been lacking. To address this issue and obtain a preliminary data, we conducted a PD progression assessment in 15 adults with de novo PD from a nutritional intervention trial (NIT) cohort in Lin County China.

Methods:

Using the Copiah County screening questionnaire and United Kingdom Parkinson''s Disease Society Brain Bank diagnostic criteria, we surveyed the available NIT cohort members in 2000 and diagnosed 86 patients as PD. In 2010, we resurveyed all PD patients and confirmed definite PD diagnosis in 15 cases with the rest of them being dead (54); having probable (10) PD or vascular Parkinsonism (3); refusing to participate (2); or being away (2). In both surveys, we used Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale and assessed the disease progression. Unified Parkinson''s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was added to the second survey.

Results:

In 2010, the average disease duration for 15 definite PD patients was 13.6 ± 7.3 years. Over a 10-year time span, 9 out of 15 patients remained at the same HY stage while the remaining 6 progressed. Rigidity (47% vs. 100%; P = 0.002) and postural instability (7% vs. 47%; P = 0.005) worsened significantly. The mean UPDRS motor scores in 2010 were 39.4 ± 23.7.

Conclusions:

Overall worsening of motor function in PD seems to be the rule in this untreated cohort, and their rate of progression seemed to be slower than those reported in the western populations.     

Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy

Concerns about sexual health, fertility, and pregnancy are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fertility is usually normal, although may be decreased in women with active Crohn''s disease. Women with active IBD (especially Crohn''s disease) are at risk of having small and premature babies. In some patients with IBD it may be desirable to continue drug treatment during pregnancy in order to control disease activity. Early engagement in discussion of these issues is important and it should be possible for most patients with IBD to have a normal outcome of pregnancy.     

帕金森病患者异动症临床特征及与GRIN2B基因多态性的关联性分析

目的 探讨帕金森病患者异动症临床特征及与GRIN2B基因多态性的关联性。方法 自2012年1月~2015年12月,前瞻性收集帕金森患者178例,根据患者是否合并异动症,将患者分为异动症组和对照组,主要观察指标为GRIN2B基因的多态性,次要观察指标为两组患者的主要临床特征。结果 与对照组相比,异动症组患者发病年龄显著降低（46.34±12.32岁vs 54.45±11.35岁,P=0.000）;病程显著延长（8.94±3.21年vs 7.34±2.48年,P=0.000）;服药时间显著延长（69.435±19.43月vs 59.65±11.46月,P=0.000）;左旋多巴剂量显著增高（577.34±248.54mg/d vs 475.87±290.43mg/d,P=0.000）;H-Y分期评分显著增加（3.43±1.19 vs 2.14±0.89,P=0.015）。两组患者临床分型和性别等差异无统计学意义（P=0.596）。GRIN2B基因遗传多态性位点共出现rs34315573、rs7301328、rs1805522、rs1806201、rs1806191和rs1805246共6个多态位点。与对照组相比,异动症组患者rs34315573基因型和rs1806191基因型分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者rs7301328基因型、rs1805522基因型、rs1806201基因型和rs1805246基因型分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 帕金森病患者异动症发病具有年轻化、病程长、服药时间长、H-Y评分增加等特点,并与GRIN2B基因多态性相关。