Serum concentrations of sex hormones in men with severe lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia

OBJECTIVE: To find out the impact of age-related changes in serum concentrations of sex hormones on the development of severe lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 61 consecutive patients subjected to prostatectomy for BPH between 2000-2001 in our clinic. Forty-five randomly assigned, age and socioeconomically matched cases without any lower urinary tract symptoms were taken as the control group. Both clinical BPH and control groups were divided to 3 age groups (namely 50-59, 60-69 and > or = 70 years) and age-related changes in serum concentrations of sex hormones were investigated. RESULTS: Prostate adenoma weight was found to be increased significantly (p = 0.02) with advancing age in clinical BPH group. There was no difference between serum concentrations of measured sex hormones between small and large prostates except for serum estradiol levels, which were found to be significantly higher in patients who had an adenoma weight of > 50 g (p = 0.047). Similar results were obtained in both clinical BPH and control groups with respect to age-related changes in serum concentrations of sex hormones. Briefly there was an age-related decrease in serum free testosterone levels and increase in serum estradiol, prolactin and gonadotropin levels. Serum free testosterone concentration was significantly higher in the control group for ages 60-69 (p = 0.015) while total testosterone was higher in BPH patients for patients older than 70 years of age (p = 0.027). No other significant change was documented between 2 groups. An age-dependent increase in serum E/freeT ratio was documented in both clinical BPH and control patients whereas serum freeT/T ratio was decreased in the BPH group with advancing age (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The decrease in serum free testosterone concentrations with a relative rise in serum estradiol levels with advancing age might be an important factor in the development of BPH. However it is likely that serum concentrations of sex hormones play little impact on the clinical severity of BPH.     

Videourodynamic analysis in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: Correlation between age and prostate size with lower urinary tract dysfunction

ObjectivesLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent in aging men. In this study we examined the relationship between age, total prostate volume (TPV), and videourodynamic study findings.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a total of 971 men ≥ 40 years of age referred to us for investigation of LUTS. We analyzed the distribution of the different videourodynamic study diagnoses in male LUTS by correlating their age and prostate size.ResultsThe most common diagnosis in the bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) group differed significantly by age and poor relaxation of the external sphincter (PRES) in those aged < 50 years; bladder neck dysfunction in those aged 50–69 years, and benign prostatic obstruction in those ≥ 60 years. Detrusor overactivity was the most common diagnosis in all ages in the bladder dysfunction group, and the cases of hyperactivity with impaired contractility (DHIC) increased with age. In patients < 50 years of age, PRES was the most common diagnosis in the BOO group in both those with small prostates (total prostate volume ≤ 40 mL) and large prostates (total prostate volume > 40 mL). In patients aged 50–69 years, the most common diagnosis in those with BOO and a small prostate was bladder neck dysfunction, and that in those with BOO and a large prostate was benign prostatic obstruction. Similar results were observed in patients aged ≥ 70 years. In all age groups, the majority of patients with detrusor overactivity, hypersensitive bladder, detrusor underactivity, and DHIC had a small prostate.ConclusionIn male LUTS, the diagnoses in the BOO group differed by age and prostate volume. In young patients with BOO, the leading diagnosis was PRES, and the contribution of prostate volume to BOO increased with age. As age increased, the bladder function became more complex with an increased percentage of patients with DHIC. Both bladder outlet and bladder functions were affected by age.     

f-PSA/t-PSA比值在良性前列腺增生和前列腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用

目的：探讨血清总前列腺特异性抗原（t-PSA）及游离前列腺特异性抗原（f-PSA）在BPH和PCa患者中的表达，评价t-PSA与f-PSA／tPSA在BPH和PCa鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法：对经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检诊断为BPH和PCa的患者，结合其术前的t-PSA及f-PSA检测结果，进行回顾性分析和统计。结果：在t—PSA％4．0μg／L的患者中，f-PSA／t—PSA〈0．16者共6例（BPH3例；PCa 3例），〉0．16者共20例（BPH13例；PCa例7）；4．0≤t—PsA〈10．0μg／L的患者中，f-PSA／t—PSA〈0．16者共17例（BPH5例；PCa 12例），〉0．16者共24例（BPH21例；PCa3例）；10．0≤t—PSA〈100μg／L的患者中，f-PSA／t-PSA〈0．16者共49例（BPH19例；PCa30例），〉0．16者共31例（BPH22例；PCa9例）；t—PSA≥100μg／L的患者16例，均为PCa，f-PSA／t—PSA比值均〈0．16。结论：BPH患者随年龄增长t—PSA逐渐升高，但f-PsA／t—PSA值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而不同年龄的PCa患者t-PSA、f-PSA及f-PSA／t-PSA值均差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；t-PSA水平在4．0～10．0ug／L的PCa患者和t—PSA在10～100μg／L的PCa患者相比，其f-PSA／t—PSA比值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；对于4．0≤t—PSA〈10．0的患者，结合f-PSA／t-PSA〈0．16，能更有效地区别BPH和PCa（P〈0．05），但是，对于t—PSA％4．0μg／L的PCa患者来说，f-PSA/t-PSA比值对其与BPH的鉴别意义不大（P〉0．05）。     

The effects of dutasteride or tamsulosin alone and in combination on storage and voiding symptoms in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): 4-year data from the Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin (CombAT) study

Study Type – Therapy (RCT)
Level of Evidence 1b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Long‐term treatment with combination therapy (dutasteride plus tamsulosin) is significantly superior to tamsulosin but not dutasteride at reducing the relative risk of AUR or BPH‐related surgery. Furthermore, combination therapy is significantly superior to both monotherapies at reducing the relative risk of BPH clinical progression, and provides significantly greater reductions in IPSS. In addition, combination therapy significantly improves patient‐reported, disease specific QoL and treatment satisfaction compared with either monotherapy. Two‐year results from the CombAT study showed that combination therapy was more effective than either monotherapy in controlling both storage and voiding symptoms, irrespective of baseline prostate volume (for men with prostate volume ≥30 cc). This post‐hoc two‐year analysis also showed that treatment with dutasteride not only improved voiding symptoms, as would be expected from its effects on prostate volume, but was also as effective as the α‐blocker tamsulosin in the control of storage symptoms.

OBJECTIVE

• ? To assess the effects of combined therapy with dutasteride and tamsulosin on voiding and storage symptoms compared with those of dutasteride or tamsulosin alone, using 4‐year data from the Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin (CombAT) study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

• ? Men (n = 4844) aged ≥50 years with moderate‐to‐severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), a prostate volume of ≥30 mL, and a serum prostate‐specific antigen level of 1.5–10 ng/mL.
• ? CombAT was a multicentre, double‐blind, parallel‐group study.
• ? Oral dutasteride (0.5 mg) or tamsulosin (0.4 mg) alone or in combination was taken daily for 4 years.
• ? Mean changes from baseline in storage and voiding symptoms at 4 years were assessed using subscales of the International Prostate Symptom Score.

RESULTS

• ? At 4 years, the mean reduction in the storage subscore was significantly greater in the combined therapy group vs the dutasteride (adjusted mean difference ?0.43) and tamsulosin (adjusted mean difference ?0.96) monotherapy groups (P < 0.001).
• ? Also at 4 years, the mean reduction in the voiding subscore was significantly greater in the combined therapy group vs the dutasteride (adjusted mean difference ?0.51) and tamsulosin (adjusted mean difference ?1.60) monotherapy groups (P < 0.001).
• ? The improvement in the storage subscore with combined therapy was significantly better (P < 0.001) than dutasteride and tamsulosin from 3 months and 12 months, respectively. Similarly, the improvement in the voiding subscore with combined therapy was significantly better than dutasteride (P < 0.001) and tamsulosin (P ≤ 0.006) from 3 months and 6 months, respectively.
• ? Improvements in the storage and voiding symptom subscores with combined therapy were achieved irrespective of prostate volume, although in men with the highest baseline prostate volumes (≥58 mL), combined therapy was not better than dutasteride.

CONCLUSIONS

• ? In men with a prostate volume of ≥30 mL, combined therapy with dutasteride plus tamsulosin provided better long‐term (up to 4 years) control of both storage and voiding LUTS compared with tamsulosin monotherapy.
• ? Combined therapy was better than dutasteride monotherapy in men with prostate volumes of ≥30 to <58 mL, but not in men with a prostate volume of ≥58 mL.

     

The relationship between prostate inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms: examination of baseline data from the REDUCE trial

Objective

The ongoing REDUCE trial is a 4-yr, phase 3, placebo-controlled study to determine if daily dutasteride 0.5 mg reduces the risk of biopsy detectable prostate cancer. Prostate biopsies performed in all men prior to entry were centrally reviewed, thus allowing an examination of the relationship between inflammatory changes and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Methods

Eligible men were aged 50–75 yr, with serum prostate-specific antigen ≥2.5 ng/ml and ≤10 ng/ml (50–60 yr), or ≥3.0 ng/ml and ≤10 ng/ml (>60 yr) and an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) < 25 (or <20 if already on alpha-blocker therapy). Acute prostatitis was an exclusion criterion. For a given individual, inflammation was assessed across all cores and the amount of inflammation scored as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or marked (3). LUTS was assessed with the use of the IPSS. The relationship between inflammation scores (averaged over all cores) and total IPSS; grouped IPSS (0–3, 4–7, 8–11, 12–15, 16–19, ≥20); and irritative, obstructive, and nocturia subscores was determined by Spearman rank correlations. The relative contribution of inflammation, age, and body mass index was then examined with the use of linear regression analyses.

Results

Data were available for 8224 men. Statistically significant but relatively weak correlations were found between average and maximum chronic inflammation and IPSS variables (correlation coefficients, 0.057 and 0.036, respectively; p < 0.001 for total IPSS). Both age and average chronic inflammation were significant in the linear regression after adjustment for other covariates; for both variables, more severe inflammation was associated with higher IPSS scores.

Conclusions

In the REDUCE population, there is evidence of a relationship between the degree of LUTS and the degree of chronic inflammation. Study entry criteria that selected older men and decreased enrolment of men with a greater degree of inflammation and LUTS may have limited the strength of this relationship. The impact of baseline prostate inflammation on progression of LUTS and/or associated complications will be determined during 4-yr longitudinal follow-up.     

Type 1 and type 2 5alpha-reductase expression in the development and progression of prostate cancer

OBJECTIVES: Both normal and pathological growth of the prostate is dependent on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis, which is catalysed by two 5alpha-reductase (5alphaR) isoenzymes, 5alphaR1 and 5alphaR2, of which only 5alphaR2 has traditionally been viewed as important in the prostate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of both isoenzymes during development/progression of prostate cancer. METHODS: A thorough literature search was performed with the MEDLINE database to identify studies that have assessed expression of 5alphaR1/2 in prostate tissue. RESULTS: DHT suppression data for the 5alphaR2-specific inhibitor, finasteride, and the dual 5alphaR1/2 inhibitor, dutasteride, show that both isoenzymes are active in benign prostate. Furthermore, immunostaining studies have shown that 5alphaR1 expression increases and 5alphaR2 expression decreases in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer, compared with nonmalignant prostate tissue. Both isoenzymes appear increased in high-grade compared with low-grade localised cancer. Dual inhibition of both isoenzymes with dutasteride may, therefore, be effective in preventing or delaying the growth of prostate cancer. The 4-yr REduction by DUtasteride of prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) trial is underway to test this hypothesis. Androgen-withdrawal therapy can reverse prostate tumour growth by reducing circulating testosterone. However, 5alphaR-catalysed DHT synthesis within the prostate can continue and most tumours eventually develop resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy. Full assessment of the role of a 5alphaR inhibitor in this scenario is warranted. CONCLUSIONS: The consensus of evidence to date shows that 5alphaR1 is present in the prostate, and that levels are higher in malignant compared with benign prostate hyperplasia tissue.     

Correlation between the total volume,transitional zone volume of the prostate,transitional prostate zone index and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

Objectives Currently available studies show controversial data between the symptoms of the lower urinary tract and the volume of the prostate gland. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the score of the lower urinary tract symptoms assessed according to the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and the total (TV) and transitional (TZV) zone volume of the prostate and transitional prostate zone index (TZI). Materials and methods From 223 men with a mean age of 59.3 years (varying from 50 to 75), the scores of lower urinary tract symptoms, measured by the IPSS and TV and TZV, determined by transrectal ultrasonographies, were obtained. Furthermore, the TZI was determined in all cases by the TZV to TV rate of the prostate. The relationship between TV, TZV, and TZI and the data obtained using the symptoms score was statistically determined. Results The TV of the prostate were 25.5 ± 10.3, 25.0 ± 9.3, and 28.9 ± 13.5 g in individuals with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms, respectively (P = 0.15). Similarly, there was no significant difference when the TZV (7.6 ± 6.3, 7.6 ± 5.8, and 9.6 ± 6.8 g, respectively; P = 0.22) and the TZI (0.26 ± 0.1, 0.27 ± 0.1, and 0.30 ± 0.1, respectively; P = 0.33) were compared in the groups of men with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of urinary difficulty. However, the quality of life (QoL) scores presented progressively worse values (1.7 ± 1.3, 3.1 ± 1.4, and 4.4 ± 1.2) as the severity of the lower urinary tract symptoms became worse (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the TV (r = 0.15; P = 0.02), TZV (r = 0.16; P = 0.02), and the TZI (r = 0.14; P = 0.03) with the prostate symptom scores showed low values although they were positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation was observed when the QoL related to urinary symptoms and symptom scores (r = 0.61; P < 0.001) was analyzed. Conclusions A low correlation was found between the score lower urinary tract symptoms assessed by IPSS and the different volumes of the prostate gland (TV, TZV) and prostate TZI, and, on the other hand, an inverse correlation between the intensity of urinary symptoms and QoL, supporting the idea of multifactorial aspects related to the genesis of urinary symptoms in men.     

Prostate cancer detection and dutasteride: utility and limitations of prostate-specific antigen in men with previous negative biopsies

Context

We addressed the question whether the change of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in men who use 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) dutasteride is sensitive for the detection of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa).

Objective

The case of a man using dutasteride diagnosed with Gleason 7 transition zone cancer at biopsy indicated by a rising PSA is described. The following issues are discussed: (1) Is a rise of PSA in patients using dutasteride predictive of aggressive PCa in men with prior negative biopsies? (2) Is it safe not to biopsy men using dutasteride who do not show a rising PSA? (3) How can we avoid potentially unnecessary biopsies in men using dutasteride without a rising PSA?

Evidence acquisition

We reviewed the recent literature addressing our objective that relates to two studies: the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial and the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events trial.

Evidence synthesis

In men using dutasteride, the positive predictive value/detection rate of Gleason 7–10 PCa is 13.2% and 4.0% for men with and without a rising PSA, respectively. However, a substantial proportion of Gleason 7–10 cases (42.9%) would be missed if a rising PSA was used as the only biopsy indication. Currently available data do not provide selective mechanisms to diagnose these cancers.

Conclusions

A rising PSA for a patient using dutasteride should be an indication for prostate biopsies. Currently, in the case of stable PSA a biopsy may still be considered. Options for a selective approach are therefore suggested in this review to avoid unnecessary biopsies and to achieve a more selective PCa detection in men on 5-ARI treatment.     

自我管理干预改善良性前列腺增生患者下尿路症状及生活质量的效果评价

目的 评估自我管理干预(SMI)对良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者改善下尿路症状(LUTS)症状及生活质量的作用。 方法 选择2008年3月至2009年9月服用α受体阻滞剂＞3个月的BPH患者222例,随机分为SMI组和对照组。SMI组119例,年龄54～90岁,平均71岁;对照组103例,年龄54～89岁,平均69岁。在入组、1周、3个月、6个月时,采用IPSS、QOL对2组患者进行评价。 结果 2组患者均获得全程随访,在人组及第1周时,SMI组IPSS为20.5和20.5,QOL为50.9和50.8;对照组IPSS为19.6和19.3,QOL为51.1和51.1,2组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。第3、6个月时,SMI组IPSS为14.3和12.0,QOL为36.7和29.8,低于干预前得分,也低于对照组的IPSS 19.7及19.9和QOL 50.6和50.2,2组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 采用SMI可明显减轻服药期间BPH患者的LUTS症状,提高生活质量。     

PSA密度对PSA浓度轻度升高且肛指检查正常的前列腺癌诊断的意义

目的：探讨血中前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）浓度与前列腺体积的比值（PSA密度，PSAD）对PSA浓度在41～10μg／L之间、肛指检查（DRE）正常的良性前列腺增生（BPH）和前列腺癌（PC）鉴别诊断的意义、方法：对PSA浓度在4～10μg／L、DRE正常的12例PC和14例BPH病人的PSAD进行回顾性分析。PSAD为PSA浓度与前列腺体积的比值。结果：PC组和BPH组的PSA分别是6．20μg／L和6．16μg／L．两组相比差异不显著（P＞0．05）．而PSAD分别是0．29和0．16．两组相比差异显著（P＜0．01）、当取PSAD阈值为M＞0．20时．鉴别诊断的准确性最高．为76．92％．敏感性和特异性分别为75．00％和78．57％。结论：PSAD有助于鉴别PSA在4～10μg／L之间、DRE正常的BPH和PC．具有较高的敏感性和特异性，可减少不必要的活检，推荐使用的PSAD闭值为＞0．20。     

Prevalence of conditions potentially associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in men

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of conditions associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS, typically included when assessing benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH), as other causes of LUTS should be excluded when diagnosing BPH, using data from the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status among Men. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During 1989-91, Caucasian men aged 40-79 years were randomly selected from the Olmsted County population. Before contact, eligibility was determined by reviewing the community medical records. Baseline exclusion criteria included comorbid pre-existing conditions or treatments, e.g. prostate, bladder or lower back surgery, bladder neck contracture or cancer, diabetes with lower extremity amputation, and neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, tabes dorsalis and stroke. Men with these conditions were excluded from the Olmsted County Study at baseline, because these conditions are potentially associated with LUTS. RESULTS: Of the 5100 randomly sampled men, 13.4% met at least one of the pre-existing exclusion criteria. Individually, the frequency of exclusions was 7.8% for prostate cancer or surgery, 4.8% for back surgery, 1.3% for bladder surgery and 1.4% for neurological conditions. All other conditions represented <1.0% of the study exclusions. Older men were more likely to meet at least one of the exclusion criteria, with men in their fifth to eighth decade having a total exclusion frequency of 1.4%, 5.4%, 8.5% and 32.8%, respectively. The most common reason for men in their fifth decade to be excluded was lower back surgery (0.9%), whereas the most common reason in the eighth was prostate surgery (21.8%). CONCLUSIONS: In men, conditions that may contribute to LUTS, other than BPH, are prevalent in the community and increase in frequency with age. It is important that other conditions associated with LUTS be excluded before a definitive diagnosis of BPH. Any oversight in this initial evaluation can potentially result in misclassification bias, misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment of patients.     

Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin similarly improved lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in an international, randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Background

Tadalafil improved lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; LUTS/BPH) in clinical studies but has not been evaluated together with an active control in an international clinical study.

Objective

Assess tadalafil or tamsulosin versus placebo for LUTS/BPH.

Design, setting, and participants

A randomised, double-blind, international, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study assessed men ≥45 yr of age with LUTS/BPH, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥13, and maximum urinary flow rate (Q_max) ≥4 to ≤15 ml/s. Following screening and washout, if needed, subjects completed a 4-wk placebo run-in before randomisation to placebo (n = 172), tadalafil 5 mg (n = 171), or tamsulosin 0.4 mg (n = 168) once daily for 12 wk.

Measurements

Outcomes were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or ranked analysis of variance (ANOVA) (continuous variables) and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test or Fisher exact test (categorical variables).

Results and limitations

IPSS significantly improved versus placebo through 12 wk with tadalafil (−2.1; p = 0.001; primary efficacy outcome) and tamsulosin (−1.5; p = 0.023) and as early as 1 wk (tadalafil and tamsulosin both −1.5; p < 0.01). BPH Impact Index significantly improved versus placebo at first assessment (week 4) with tadalafil (−0.8; p < 0.001) and tamsulosin (−0.9; p < 0.001) and through 12 wk (tadalafil −0.8, p = 0.003; tamsulosin −0.6, p = 0.026). The IPSS Quality-of-Life Index and the Treatment Satisfaction Scale–BPH improved significantly versus placebo with tadalafil (both p < 0.05) but not with tamsulosin (both p > 0.1). The International Index of Erectile Function–Erectile Function domain improved versus placebo with tadalafil (4.0; p < 0.001) but not tamsulosin (−0.4; p = 0.699). Q_max increased significantly versus placebo with both tadalafil (2.4 ml/s; p = 0.009) and tamsulosin (2.2 ml/s; p = 0.014). Adverse event profiles were consistent with previous reports. This study was limited in not being powered to directly compare tadalafil versus tamsulosin.

Conclusions

Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin resulted in significant and numerically similar improvements versus placebo in LUTS/BPH and Q_max. However, only tadalafil improved erectile dysfunction.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT00970632     

索利那新联合坦索罗辛治疗男性帕金森病患者下尿路症状的疗效观察

目的 探讨索利那新联合坦索罗辛治疗男性帕金森病患者LUTS的疗效及安全性.方法 2010年1月至2013年12月收治的45例伴有LUTS的男性帕金森病患者.年龄52275岁,平均62岁.帕金森病病史1.0210.5年,平均2.3年.治疗前患者IPSS评分为(18.3±3.3)分,最大尿流率为(8.5±3.9) ml/s,膀胱过度活动症状评分(overactive bladder symptom score,OABSS)为(10.9±2.2)分,残余尿量为(41.1±14.0) ml,最大尿流率逼尿肌压为(68.1±28.2)cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa).予琥珀酸索利那新(5.0 mg/d)联合盐酸坦索罗辛(0.2 mg/d)治疗,第4、8周随访,第4周尿急症状改善不明显者增加索利那新至10.0 mg/d.治疗8周后行超声影像尿动力学检查.比较治疗前后患者IPSS评分、OABSS评分、最大尿流率、残余尿量、最大尿流率逼尿肌压等参数变化,并记录不良反应. 结果 本组45例治疗4、8周后的IPSS评分分别为(13.3±2.4)分和(12.6±2.2)分,最大尿流率分别为(13.7±4.1) ml/s和(14.2±3.2) ml/s,OABSS评分分别为(7.8±2.1)分和(5.9±1.9)分,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗4、8周后OABSS评分间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗8周后残余尿量为(38.5±12.7) ml,最大尿流率逼尿肌压为(63.2±30.1) cmH2O,与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗期间发生口干3例,视物模糊2例,便秘l例,无急性尿潴留发生. 结论 索利那新联合坦索罗辛治疗男性帕金森病患者LUTS症状疗效显著、不良反应少,可显著改善患者生命质量,是控制男性帕金森病患者LUTS症状的可选方法之一.     

不同穿刺针数经直肠前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的研究

目的探讨针对国人的不同体积前列腺理想的前列腺活检穿刺针数。方法临床表现怀疑前列腺癌患者879例,按照前列腺体积分为10～30ml组、30.1～40ml组,40.1～50ml组,以及50.1ml组,记录患者一般临床资料以及活检结果。依穿刺结果,按照不同体积对比分析不同穿刺针数的穿刺结果。结果总的肿瘤检测率为27.3%,随着前列腺体积的增大,肿瘤检测率降低(P0.05)。6、8、10和12针的肿瘤检测率分别为18.0%、28.0%、32.0%和29.0%。与8、10和12针比较,传统的6针穿刺有较低的穿刺阳性率(P0.05)。在不同的前列腺体积之间,8、10和12针穿刺阳性率之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在经直肠超声和经直肠指诊有可疑的患者中,穿刺阳性率分别为71.0%和65.0%。结论 6针穿刺具有较低的穿刺阳性率,按照不同的前列腺体积,8、10和12针有相似的穿刺阳性率,可疑部位活检能够提高穿刺的阳性率。     

A comparison of prostate cancer detection rates by 12 or 6 core biopsy at different prostate-specific antigen densities in Korean men

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic value of 12 core biopsy versus sextant biopsy at different prostatic-specific antigen densities (PSAD). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 1,463 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies at our institution. 995 patients underwent 12 core biopsy and 468 sextant biopsy of the prostate. The cancer detection rates achieved by these two methods were analyzed at different PSAD levels. RESULTS: All patients were stratified into 5 groups according to PSAD level; group A: PSAD < 0.1 (n = 290), group B: 0.1 /= 0.4 (n = 231). In group B, 12 core biopsy had a higher detection rate than 6 core biopsy (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate 12 core biopsy is better able to detect cancer than 6 core biopsy in patients with a PSAD in the range 0.1-0.2, which suggests that PSAD be considered when deciding on the number of prostate biopsy cores required.     

联合应用坦索罗辛和托特罗定治疗男性顽固性下尿路症状的临床研究

目的:探讨及对比联合应用高选择性α受体阻滞剂(坦索罗辛)和M受体阻滞剂(托特罗定)及单用高选择性α受体阻滞剂治疗男性顽固性下尿路症状的临床疗效及安全性。方法:2009年4月至2009年12月期间收集我院184例顽固性下尿路症状(LUTS)的男性前列腺增生患者,病程4周至2年。所有患者均为应用高选择性α受体阻滞剂(坦索罗辛)0.2 mg,1次/d,治疗1周后LUTS症状无改善。入选病例随机分成2组,其中坦索罗辛组89例继续应用坦索罗辛0.2 mg,1次/d,治疗4周;联合治疗组95例联合应用高选择性α受体阻滞剂(坦索罗辛)和M受体阻滞剂(托特罗定),给予坦索罗辛0.2 mg 1次/d+托特罗定2 mg 2次/d,治疗4周。分组治疗前后分别进行国际前列腺症状储尿期症状评分(储尿期IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)和最大尿流率(Qmax)检测,评估治疗后LUTS症状的改善情况。结果:坦索罗辛组储尿期IPSS、QOL总体评分分别由治疗前的(13.23±4.39)、(4.23±1.27)分下降到治疗后的(12.21±4.07)、(3.53±0.9)分,Qmax由治疗前的(12.31±8.39)ml/s上升到治疗后的(14.12±8.62)ml/s,与治疗前相比差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。联合治疗组储尿期IPSS、QOL总体评分分别由治疗前的(14.45±5.31)、(4.45±0.79)分降到治疗后的(6.56±2.03)、(2.34±0.73)分,Qmax由治疗前的(11.41±9.21)ml/s上升到治疗后的(15.52±8.35)ml/s,与联合治疗前相比差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。184例患者均无严重并发症出现。结论:联合应用坦索罗辛和托特罗定能明显缓解男性顽固性下尿路症状,改善患者的生活质量。未见严重不良反应和急性尿潴留发生。     

Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and urinary symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind trial

PURPOSE: We evaluated sildenafil for erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in men with the 2 conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 12-week, double-blind, placebo controlled study of sildenafil in men 45 years or older who scored 25 or less on the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function and 12 or greater on the International Prostate Symptom Score. Men with confirmed or suspected prostate malignancy, or prostate specific antigen 10 ng/ml or more were excluded. End points were changes in International Index of Erectile Function domain scores, International Prostate Symptom Score (irritative, obstructive and quality of life), the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index, the Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction Index Score. RESULTS: The 189 men receiving sildenafil had significant improvements in erectile function domain score vs the 180 on placebo (9.17 vs 1.86, p<0.0001) and on all other International Index of Erectile Function domains. In men on sildenafil vs placebo significant improvements were observed in International Prostate Symptom Score (-6.32 vs -1.93, p<0.0001), Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index (-2.0 vs -0.9, p<0.0001), mean International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life score (-0.97 vs -0.29, p<0.0001) and total Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire scores (24.6 vs 4.3, p<0.0001). There was no difference in urinary flow between the groups (p=0.08). Significantly more sildenafil vs placebo treated patients were satisfied with treatment (71.2 vs 41.7, p<0.0001). Sildenafil was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Improved erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms with sildenafil in men with the 2 conditions were associated with improved quality of life and treatment satisfaction. Daily dosing with sildenafil may improve lower urinary tract symptoms. However, the lack of effect on urinary flow rates may mean that a new basic pathophysiology paradigm is needed to explain the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms.