氨甲环酸减少初次非骨水泥全髋置换围术期失血有效性及安全性研究

背景：全髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节终末期疾病的有效手段,但其常伴随显著的失血且需要输血,人工合成抗纤溶药氨甲环酸在全髋关节置换术围手术期血液管理中正扮演着越来越重要的角色。目的：探讨术前静脉单剂量使用氨甲环酸减少初次单侧非骨水泥全髋关节置换术围术期失血的有效性及安全性。方法方法：回顾分析2012年9月至2013年3月行初次单侧非骨水泥全髋关节置换术前未使用氨甲环酸患者291例（对照组）和2013年4月至9月术前静脉单剂量使用15 mg/kg氨甲环酸患者220例（氨甲环酸组）的临床资料。比较两组术前及术后第1、3天血红蛋白,血细胞比容,住院时间,失血量,输血及血栓事件发生率。结果：氨甲环酸组围术期平均总失血量和输血率显著低于对照组[（973.30±355.65）ml vs（1275.20±453.75）ml,5.45%vs 20.62%,P〈0.001]。氨甲环酸组和对照组术后肌间静脉血栓发生率分别为5.00%和5.15%（P=0.937）。氨甲环酸组中1例（0.45%）发生深静脉血栓,对照组2例（0.69%）,两组比较差异无统计学意义。无1例出现肺栓塞。术后第1天、第3天氨甲环酸组的血红蛋白及血细胞比容均显著高于对照组（P〈0.001）。结论：术前静脉滴注15 mg/kg氨甲环酸可安全、有效地减少初次单侧非骨水泥全髋关节置换术围术期的失血及输血。     

氨甲环酸减少同期双侧全髋置换围术期失血有效性及安全性研究

[目的]探讨静脉10 mg/kg氨甲环酸减少同期双侧全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)围术期失血的有效性及安全性。[方法]回顾四川大学华西医院2011年7月²013年7月所有同期双侧全髋关节置换术,设定纳入排除标准后共纳入57例。其中静脉使用10 mg/kg氨甲环酸31例,未使用26例。氨甲环酸组患者于每侧手术切皮前均完成静脉单次使用10 mg/kg氨甲环酸,对照组不使用。对比术前及术后不同时间点血红蛋白(HB)值及红细胞压积(HCT)值的差异;根据Gross方程计算围术期总失血量;统计两组输血量及输血率;根据术后第5d双下肢静脉彩超结果判断术后深静脉血栓及肌间静脉血栓发生率,统计肺栓塞的发生率及术后住院天数,应用SPSS统计软件得出结论。[结果]氨甲环酸组术后1、3 d HB值及HCT值明显高于对照组,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,但术后第5 d差异无统计学意义。氨甲环酸组围术期平均失血(1 811.6±490.8)ml,明显低于对照组(2 408.6±511.3)ml,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。氨甲环酸组患者术后8例(25.8%,8/31),对照组14例(53.8%,14/26)输血,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。氨甲环酸组人均输血量0.68 U,明显低于对照组1.23 U,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。两组患者术后深静脉血栓、肌间静脉血栓、肺栓塞发生率及术后平均住院日比较差异无统计学意义。[结论]静脉单次10 mg/kg氨甲环酸于每侧关节置换前单次用药是控制同期双侧THA围术期失血安全、有效的方法。     

氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换术失血量的影响

目的：探讨氨甲环酸静脉重复剂量给药对全膝关节置换术失血量的影响及安全性评估。方法：对2011年4月-2012年4月90例初次行单侧全膝关节置换术的患者资料进行回顾性分析,其中男性32例,女性58例。90例患者被随机分为3组,（A组）对照组30例：（B组）单次剂量组30例：术中松止血带前10min1000mg氨甲环酸静脉滴注;（C组）双次剂量组30例：分别于术中松止血带前10min、术后3h各1000mg氨甲环酸静脉滴注。记录术后48h引流量、隐性失血量、术后12h血红蛋白减少量、输血量,术后14天观察患者是否出现下肢深静脉栓塞症状。结果：术后引流量、隐性失血量单次剂量组及双次剂量组明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,其中双次剂量组最低。术后12h血红蛋白保持水平单次剂量组及双次剂量组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,术后输血量双次剂量组明显低于单次剂量组和对照组（P〈0．05）,所有患者术后14天彩色多普勒检查未发现下肢深静脉血栓形成。结论：氨甲环酸重复剂量给药可以显著减少全膝关节置换术后失血量,氨甲环酸并没有增加术后下肢深静脉血栓及肺栓塞的风险,另外,重复剂量给药可以显著减少全膝关节置换术患者的输血量。     

重复静脉应用氨甲环酸对腰椎手术失血量的影响

[目的]探讨重复静脉应用氨甲环酸(TXA)对双节段腰椎后路椎间融合术(PLIF)患者的有效性和安全性。[方法]收集2015年1月～2018年9月在本院行双节段腰椎后路椎间融合手术患者90例。按照TXA的不同用法,将患者分为对照组,单次给药组和重复给药组。记录并比较各组患者手术时间、总失血量、隐性失血量、术后引流量、输血率、静脉血栓栓塞发生率以及切口感染情况。[结果]重复给药组总失血量[(1 086.80±212.97) ml]和术后引流量[(315.17±75.47) ml]均明显低于对照组[(1 353.53±310.83) ml,(430.50±88.46) ml]和单次给药组[(1269.06±293.29) ml,(373.33±62.07) ml](P0.05)。单次给药组术后引流量[(373.33±62.07) ml]少于对照组[(430.50±88.46) ml](P0.05);重复给药组隐性失血量[(443.13±213.95) ml]明显少于对照组[(609.37±298.43) ml](P0.05)。重复给药组术后第3 d Hb值[(108.20±12.55) g/L]和Hct值[(30.64±3.26)%]明显高于对照组[(100.13±13.19) g/L,(28.51±3.74)%],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者均未出现肺栓塞和切口感染,肌间静脉血栓发生率和输血率各组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]氨甲环酸可减少腰椎后路椎间融合术患者的失血量,重复静脉应用氨甲环酸可进一步减少围手术期总失血量、隐性失血量,减少术后血红蛋白丢失,而不增加血栓发生的风险。     

不同时间给予氨甲环酸对减少全髋关节置换术中术后失血的影响

目的比较氨甲环酸不同给药时间对全髋关节置换(THA)术中及术后失血量的影响。方法选取行单侧THA的患者125例,随机分为5组,每组25例,A组手术结束前10 min给予1 g氨甲环酸静脉滴注;B组分别于手术结束前10 min、术后7 h给予1 g氨甲环酸静脉滴注;C组术前10 min给予1 g氨甲环酸静脉滴注;D组术前10 min给予1 g氨甲环酸,7 h后再给予1 g氨甲环酸静脉滴注;E组为对照组,不给于氨甲环酸及其类似药物。检测血红蛋白、红细胞压积、出血时间、活化部分凝血酶时间等血液学指标,比较5组患者术中及术后失血量差异。结果 5组患者术中失血量、术后失血量、术后第1天血红蛋白下降值、围手术期最大血红蛋白减少值、术后绝对失血量差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。E组5项数值均显著高于其它各组(P0.05)。D组术中失血量、围手术期最大血红蛋白减少值、术后绝对失血量分别为(272.9±46.7)ml、(27.8±3.8)g/L、(344.4±61.6)ml,均显著少(小)于A组、B组及E组(P0.05)。C组术后失血量、术后第1天血红蛋白下降值,分别为(114.7±32.7)ml、(21.0±3.9)g/L,均显著少(小)于A组、B组及E组(P0.05)。结论术前10 min给予1 g氨甲环酸,7 h后再给予1 g氨甲环酸静脉滴注在THA围手术期能够最大限度地减少术中及术后出血量。     

氨甲环酸减少全髋关节翻修术围手术期失血的安全性及有效性研究

目的探讨氨甲环酸减少全髋关节翻修术围手术期失血的有效性及安全性。方法将60例拟行单侧全髋关节翻修手术的患者随机分为氨甲环酸组与对照组,每组30例。术前所有患者均进行血常规、凝血常规、双下肢静脉彩超等检查,氨甲环酸组患者于切皮前10min静脉单次使用10mg／kg的氨甲环酸,对照组予以相当剂量的生理盐水。记录术中出血量、术后引流量,术后第1天、第3天复查血常规并记录患者血红蛋白水平和红细胞压积,术后第5天复查双下肢静脉彩超。如患者术后血红蛋白水平低于80g／L或患者有贫血表现时予以输入同型红细胞悬液。通过公式计算并比较患者血容量、总失血量、隐性失血量等指标。记录患者术后输血量和深静脉血栓的发生率。结果氨甲环酸组患者术中出血、术后引流、总失血量及隐形失血量均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。氨甲环酸组患者术后14例（46．7％,14／30）,对照组26例（86．7％,26／30）需要输血,差异有统计学意义。两组患者术后深静脉血栓发生率及术后住院Et比较差异无统计学意义。结论以10mg／kg氨甲环酸术前静脉单次用药为主的多模式控制血液丢失方案可以有效减少髋关节翻修手术围手术期的血液丢失且不增加下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的发生风险,该方案是髋关节翻修术围手术期控制血液丢失的安全、有效的方法。     

全膝关节置换围手术期氨甲环酸不同使用方法的有效性和安全性

 目的 探讨在全膝关节置换围手术期氨甲环酸不同使用方法的有效性和安全性。方法 2013年2至5月150例行初次单侧全膝关节置换的女性骨关节炎患者随机分为三组,每组50例。分别在关闭切口前静脉滴注氨甲环酸10 mg/kg（单次使用组）;关闭切口前静脉滴注氨甲环酸10 mg/kg、术后3 h再次按该剂量重复使用（重复使用组）;不使用氨甲环酸（对照组）。比较三组引流量、总失血量、隐性失血量、术后不同时间血红蛋白、输血患者比例、深静脉血栓和肺栓塞发生率。结果 对照组引流量（447.2±101.9） ml,大于单次使用组（273.6±99.6） ml和重复使用组（168.5±80.8） ml,差异有统计学意义。对照组总失血量（1 100.8±288.3） ml,大于单次使用组（959.1±291.7） ml和重复使用组（818.7±206.9） ml,差异有统计学意义。三组隐性失血量的差异无统计学意义。对照组术后第1、3、5天的血红蛋白均低于单次使用组和重复使用组,重复使用组均高于单次使用组,差异有统计学意义。三组输血患者比例分别为8.0%（4/50）、6.0%（3/50）和22.0%（11/50）,对照组高于单次使用组和重复使用组,差异有统计学意义。术后90 d内均未出现症状性深静脉血栓和肺栓塞。结论 全膝关节置换术中关闭切口前静脉滴注氨甲环酸10 mg/kg能有效减少围手术期失血量和降低输血患者比例,术后3 h重复使用能进一步减少失血量,但不能进一步降低输血患者比例。使用氨甲环酸不增加深静脉血栓和肺栓塞发生的风险。     

氨甲环酸的不同给药方式对减少初次全髋关节置换术后隐性出血的病例对照研究

目的 :比较氨甲环酸不同给药方式对减少全髋关节置换术后隐性失血的临床疗效。方法 :自2010年2月至2015年7月收治股骨头坏死患者68例,均接受初次人工全髋关节置换术,术前按照随机分组原则分为静脉应用组(A组)和局部应用组(B组)。A组男19例,女15例,平均年龄(62.0±6.4)岁,血红蛋白(121.33±8.15)g/L,红细胞比容(0.470±0.039)L/L;B组男18例,女16例,平均年龄(64.0±7.5)岁,血红蛋白(125.28±9.37)g/L,红细胞比容(0.490±0.041)L/L。手术切口采用统一的后外侧入路并按照常规手术方式手术,假体选择生物型假体。通过不同途径给予氨甲环酸控制术中及术后出血。静脉应用组:于术前10 min给予10 mg/kg氨甲环酸溶于150 ml生理盐水中静脉滴注。局部应用组(B组):将3 g氨甲环酸溶于120 ml的生理盐水中并分成3等份,用2块纱布浸入40 ml氨甲环酸溶液,分别填塞于在髋臼锉刨削好髋臼壁和股骨侧扩髓之后的髓腔内,持续5 min。剩余40 ml在切口关闭之前注射入关节腔内,放置引流管并将引流管夹闭3 h后开放。术后72 h检测并比较两组患者血红蛋白、红细胞比容等血液学指标,计算总失血量、显性失血量和隐性失血量、输血例数,比较两组患者的术后凝血功能。结果:术后A组手术前后血红蛋白差值(32.34±7.42)g/L,总失血量(833.6±81.4)ml,隐性失血量(276.3±57.9)ml,红细胞比容(10.1±1.4)L/L;B组手术前后血红蛋白差值(28.2±6.1)g/L,总失血量(792.5±61.8)ml,隐性失血量(297.5±50.3)ml,红细胞比容(9.2±1.2)L/L,两组比较差异无统计学意义。术后A组PT(12.78±2.03)s,APTT(34.27±3.91)s,INR 32.34±7.42;B组PT(13.17±2.19)s,APTT(32.36±3.18)s,INR 28.24±6.14,两组差异无统计学意义。超声检查证实两组患者均无下肢深静脉血栓形成。A组术中出血明显少于B组。结论:静脉应用氨甲环酸与局部应用氨甲环酸能同样有效地减少初次全髋关节置换术后总失血量和隐性失血量,减少术后输血率,并没有增加下肢静脉血栓的风险。     

氨甲环酸对初次全髋关节置换围手术期失血量的影响及安全性研究

目的探讨氨甲环酸对初次全髋关节置换术围手术期出血量的影响及安全性。方法选择行单侧初次人工全髋关节置换术的50例患者,将其随机分为两组。氨甲环酸组采用切皮前半小时将氨甲环酸按15mg/kg稀释于250ml生理盐水静脉滴注。安慰剂组给与等量生理盐水。比较两组术中出血量、术后引流量、总失血量及术后下肢深静脉血栓及肺栓塞发生率。结果氨甲环酸组和安慰剂组术中出血量分别为(150.3±20.7)ml和(200.5±23.4)ml两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。氨甲环酸组和安慰剂组术后引流量分别为(100.5±30.5)ml和(180.3±35.5)ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。氨甲环酸组和安慰剂组总失血量分别为(600.6±25.2)ml和(820.3±25.3)ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后两组无下肢深静脉血栓及无肺栓塞发生。结论全髋关节置换术中切皮前半小时静脉静滴氨甲环酸15mg/kg能有效减少围手术期失血量,并且不增加静脉血栓及肺栓塞形成风险。     

氨甲环酸结合术后引流管临时夹闭降低单侧全膝置换术后失血量的有效性及安全性

 目的 评估单次静脉应用氨甲环酸结合术后引流管临时夹闭降低单侧全膝关节置换（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）术后失血量的有效性与安全性。方法 2012年7月至2013年6月,前瞻性选择行初次单侧全膝关节置换患者,随机分为氨甲环酸组（松止血带前15 min静脉注入15 mg/kg 氨甲环酸）和安慰剂组（松止血带前15 min给予等量生理盐水）;两组术后均予引流管临时夹闭4 h。记录两组术后12 h引流量、总引流量、输血量、输血人数、术后第1、3、5天血红蛋白值、红细胞压积、术后下肢淤斑发生率、术后24 h D-二聚体值、术后并发症及术后5～7 d下肢静脉超声筛查有无深静脉血栓（DVT）,并对两组进行比较。结果 最终77例患者进入统计学分析。氨甲环酸组39例,安慰剂组38例;两组的人口学资料均匹配。术后12 h引流量为（142.6±202.1） ml（氨甲环酸组）和（257.4±245.3） ml（安慰剂组）、术后隐性失血量为（685.4±40.3） ml （氨甲环酸组）和（834.3±200.0） ml （安慰剂组）、总失血量为（962.2±286.2） ml （氨甲环酸组）和（1 168.4±455.4） ml （安慰剂组）、术后第3天血红蛋白值为（104.0±12.7） g/L（氨甲环酸组）和（96.0±13.4） g/L（安慰剂组）、术后24 h D-二聚体值为（11.8±1.5) mg/L（氨甲环酸组）和（22.1±3.4） mg/L（安慰剂组）,以上指标两组比较差异均有统计学意义。术后下肢淤斑发生率氨甲环酸组（2.6%,1/39）低于安慰剂组（18.4%,7/38）。术后总引流量、围手术期输血率两组比较差异无统计学意义;氨甲环酸组远端深静脉血栓发生率为10.3%（4/39）,安慰剂为7.9%（3/38）,两组比较差异无统计学意义;氨甲环酸组术后第7天出现1例症状性肺栓塞。结论 TKA术后松止血带前15 min按15 mg/kg单次静脉注入氨甲环酸并结合术后临时夹闭引流管4 h,可有效、安全控制术后失血量。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。