长期核苷(酸)类抗病毒治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝癌发生相关因素研究

目的 探讨长期接受核苷酸抗病毒治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝癌发生的相关危险因素。方法 2002年5月～2015年5月接受核苷(酸)类抗病毒治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者417例,平均抗病毒治疗时间为(9.11±2.09)年。记录观察期内原发性肝癌发生情况。采用多元Logistics回归分析导致肝癌发生的危险因素。结果 在观察期内,本组417例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生原发性肝癌57例(13.7)%;肝癌组在有肝癌家族史、长期饮酒、Child-Pugh C级、未应用一线抗病毒药物、抗病毒治疗后血清HBV DNA水平仍大于20 IU/ml的比率显著高于未发生肝癌组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic分析显示存在肝癌家族史(OR=1.568,95%CI为1.074～2.289,P=0.020)、长期饮酒史(OR=1.791,95%CI为1.227～2.615,P=0.003)、Child-Pugh C级(OR=1.598,95%CI为1.095～2.333,P=0.016)、未应用一线抗病毒药物(OR=1.476,95%CI为0.997～2.168,P=0.047)和抗病毒治疗后血清HBV DNA水平仍未转阴(OR=1.480,95%CI为1.014～2.160,P=0.043)为肝癌发生的独立危险因素。结论 本研究经过长期随访观察,发现有肝癌家族史、长期饮酒、Child-Pugh分级C级、未应用一线抗病毒药物治疗和抗病毒治疗后血清HBV DNA仍大于20 IU/ml是导致乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生肝癌的危险因素,选择一线抗病毒药物治疗、戒酒、改善肝功能状态可能减少肝癌的发生,值得认真对待。     

核苷(酸)类似物抗病毒治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者发生原发性肝癌的危险因素分析

目的分析抗病毒治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者发生原发性肝癌(HCC)的危险因素。方法采用问卷调查法采集2013年3月至2017年9月在解放军第四一三医院感染科就诊的285例CHB患者临床转归及相关因素等资料,行单因素及多因素分析以评估CHB患者发生HCC的危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,男性、年龄40岁、未抗病毒治疗、肝硬化程度、高HBV DNA水平、有HCC家族史在CHB患者HCC发生方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05);将上述因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄40岁(OR=3.318,P=0.019)、未抗病毒治疗(OR=2.709,P=0.002)、有HCC家族史(OR=2.096,P=0.037)、肝硬化程度为CHB患者发生HCC的主要危险因素。肝硬化患者中Child-Pugh C级、Child-Pugh B级、Child-Pugh A级与无肝硬化相比,HCC发生风险均显著升高(OR值分别为18.453、13.395、6.970,P=0.000)。结论年龄40岁、肝硬化程度、未抗病毒治疗和有HCC家族史是发生HCC的主要危险因素,对于具有上述危险因素的人群应及时启动抗病毒治疗并加强随访工作。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化并发原发性肝癌的危险因素Logistic分析

目的探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化并发原发性肝癌的危险因素。方法选取2011年2月至2015年8月在该院治疗的乙肝肝硬化并发原发性肝癌患者74例作为观察组,同期乙肝肝硬化患者74例作为对照组。进行问卷调查,临床检测,分析乙型肝炎肝硬化并发原发性肝癌的危险因素。结果经单因素分析,吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病史、酒精肝、病毒性肝炎、抗病毒治疗、乙肝病毒载量、不良饮食、e抗原阳性等因素在乙型肝炎肝硬化并发原发性肝癌方面差异显著(P0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析,长期饮酒(OR=10.274,95%CI=2.886~30.891)、未抗病毒治疗(OR=9.366,95%CI=1.373~14.119)、糖尿病史(OR=1.218,95%CI=1.104~4.860)和乙肝病毒载量阳性(OR=4.382,95%CI=1.368~7.096)为乙型肝炎肝硬化并发原发性肝癌的主要危险因素。结论长期饮酒史、HBV DNA阳性、糖尿病史和未进行抗病毒治疗是主要危险因素,具有以上因素的乙肝肝硬化患者是原发性肝癌的高危人群。     

中国北方地区321例乙型肝炎病毒相关肝细胞癌患者的流行病学和临床特征分析

背景:我国是肝细胞癌(HCC)高发区,其中大部分HCC与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染相关,有必要对其自然史和临床进程作大样本调查研究。目的:了解中国北方地区HBV相关HCC患者的流行病学和临床特征。方法:对中国北方地区321例HBV相关HCC患者作流行病学问卷调查,行肝功能、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、HBV血清标志物和HBV DNA水平检测,并进行统计分析。结果:321例HBV相关HCC患者中,仅7.2%接受过抗病毒治疗;46.4%和25.5%分别有肝硬化和肝癌家族史;38.3%有饮酒史。21.0%的患者乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)阳性,62.3%乙型肝炎e抗体(HBeAb)阳性,HBeAg阳性者合并肝硬化的比例和HBV DNA水平较高。84.5%的患者HBV DNA阳性,但其中仅42.6%HBV DNA≥5.0log10,HBV DNA高水平者合并肝硬化的比例显著高于HBV DNA低水平者。无症状HBV感染、慢性乙型肝炎、代偿性和失代偿性肝硬化患者分别占4.1%、24.1%、39.0%和32.9%。71.0%的患者AFP升高,但其中仅33.8?P≥400ng/ml。结论:本组HBV相关HCC患者中,HBeAg阳性和高HBV DNA水平者不多,但病情常较重。肝硬化是HCC的重要危险因素,饮酒和肝癌家族史对HCC的发生有一定影响。血清AFP筛查有助于HCC的诊断。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化并发肝癌的危险因素探讨

目的　探讨乙型肝炎（乙肝）肝硬化并发肝癌的危险因素,为临床诊治提供依据。方法　回顾性分析我院2016年1月—2018年12月收治的238例乙肝肝硬化患者资料,按照是否并发肝癌分为肝癌组（120例）与非肝癌组（118例）,分析乙肝肝硬化并发肝癌的危险因素。结果　肝癌组在性别为男性、肝癌家族史、其他肿瘤家族史、糖尿病史、长期吸烟史、长期饮酒史、HBV阳性及抗病毒治疗的比例方面均高于非肝癌组（P均＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,有糖尿病史、有长期饮酒史、有长期吸烟史、HBV阳性及未接受抗病毒治疗是乙肝肝硬化患者并发肝癌的危险因素。结论　男性患者发生乙肝肝硬化的几率高于女性患者。糖尿病史、未接受抗病毒治疗、长期吸烟史、长期饮酒史、HBV阳性均是乙肝肝硬化并发肝癌的危险因素。     

HBV相关肝细胞癌的危险因素

目前,HBV感染是全球公认的肝细胞癌(HCC)主要危险因素。然而,在乙型肝炎-肝硬化-肝癌的发展过程中,还有其他的辅助因素,如性别、年龄、家族史、ALT/AST、吸烟饮酒史、代谢综合征以及合并HCV、HIV感染等可能独立或与HBV协同促进HCC的发生。综述了HBV相关HCC的危险因素研究进展。     

广州地区HBV感染的家族聚集性及临床预后分析

目的对HBV感染高发区——广州地区慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)家族聚集流行特点及预后情况进行分析。方法收集2009年1月-2016年4月于中山大学附属第一医院肝炎门诊就诊的CHB患者,调查患者人口学基本特征、其亲属HBV标志物结果、患者HBV相关指标、肝脏生化指标及肝脏彩超、CT或磁共振成像。以至少2名具有亲缘关系成员诊断慢性HBV感染定义家族聚集,比较家族聚集组及非家族聚集组的临床特点。符合正态分布的计量资料组间采用t检验;不符合正态分布的采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料组间比较用χ~2检验或Fisher's精确概率法。单因素Logistic回归分析家族聚集方式与子代感染HBV、肝硬化及肝癌的发病风险。结果共1096例家族史明确的CHB患者纳入研究,家族史阳性者569例,即家族聚集率51.9%。按年龄划分为16~30岁,31~45岁和46岁以上分层分析,家族史阳性组与家族史阴性组3个年龄层诊断肝硬化的比例依次为2.1%、11.5%、35.6%和2.7%、5.7%、38.5%,家族史阳性组患者在31~45岁诊断肝硬化的比例明显高于家族史阴性组患者(χ~2=5.71,P=0.02)。聚集模式以同胞感染(30.2%)和母亲-子女感染(34.4%)最多见。父母均感染[比值比(OR)=8.18,95%可信区间(95%CI):5.24~12.75]、母亲单方感染(OR=4.60,95%CI:3.69~5.74)和父亲单方感染(OR=2.77,95%CI:2.11~3.63)均与子代感染HBV有关,不同家族聚集模式并非患者发生肝硬化的危险因素(P0.05),但父母均感染(OR=8.5,P0.01)可能是肝癌发生的危险因素。结论广州地区CHB感染具有高度家族聚集性,CHB家族史阳性患者可能更早发展为肝硬化。同胞感染和母亲-子女感染是最主要的家族聚集方式,家族聚集模式与子代感染HBV及肝癌发病相关。     

丙型肝炎肝硬化相关肝细胞癌患者的临床特征及其危险因素

目的 分析丙型肝炎肝硬化相关肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的流行病学特征、临床特点和相关危险因素.方法 对89例丙型肝炎肝硬化患者进行长期随访观察,并对HCC发生的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 在86.5(60～120)个月随访过程中,89例患者中35例发生HCC,第5、第10年HCC累计发生率分别为16.9%、40.4%.4例有丙型肝炎家族史、12例有HCC家族史和7例有饮酒史的患者均在随访中发生HCC.89例中50例存在肝脂肪变患者第5、第10年HCC累计发生率分别为24.6%、51.0%;39例无肝脂肪变的患者第5、第10年HCC累计发生率分别为8.7%、26.2%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),慢性丙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脂肪变与肝硬化的严重程度相关,肝脂肪变患者抗病毒治疗持续应答率低于无脂肪变患者,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HCC患者的ALT和总胆红素水平高于非HCC患者,白蛋白水平低于非HCC患者,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素回归分析结果显示肝功能分级和肝脂肪变与HCC独立相关.结论 慢性丙型肝炎肝硬化是一个缓慢进行性疾病,HCC是其重要并发症,肝功能分级和肝脂肪变是HCC发生的高危因素,饮酒和HCC家族史对HCC的发生有一定影响.丙型肝炎肝硬化伴肝脂肪变的患者病情进展速度明显加快,应定期筛查以降低HCC发病的危险.     

肝细胞癌发病危险因素Logistic回归分析*

目的 探讨肝细胞癌发病的危险因素。方法 2019年1月～2021年1月青海省第四人民医院消化科和青海大学附属医院介入科确诊为肝细胞癌(HCC)患者150例,收集患者临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析法行单因素和多因素分析。结果 单因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、肝癌家族史、饮酒史、血小板计数、HBsAg阳性、血清HBV DNA和肝硬化等7个因素具有显著性意义,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(P=0.001,OR=1.077)、肝癌家族史(P=0.008,OR=4.351)、血小板计数异常(P=0.004,OR=9.071)、HBsAg阳性(P＜0.001,OR=16.418)、HBV DNA(P=0.004,OR=6.345)和肝硬化(P＜0.001,OR=9.315)为HCC发生的独立危险因素。结论 了解HCC发生的危险因素有助于预防,及时抗病毒和预防肝硬化的发生可能非常有意义。     

慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗10年预后及其影响因素

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎进行抗病毒治疗10年后病情预后及其影响因素。方法选取2008年1月至2008年12月北京地坛医院住院慢性乙型肝炎患者152例作为研究对象,治疗10年后截至2018年12月将发生肝硬化患者34例设为病例组,而未发生肝硬化患者118例设为对照组。对比两组患者基本情况、各项化验指标、乙肝病毒载量及肝脏病理等结果,分析肝硬化发生相关的影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,患者的年龄、饮酒史、血小板、脾脏厚度、门静脉宽度、终点HBV DNA与肝硬化形成存在相关性(P0.05)。通过Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,随着肝脏病理炎症及纤维化程度加重,肝硬化发生率升高(χ~2=18.749,P0.001;χ~2=33.214,P0.001)。通过Cox回归进行多因素分析,患者年龄、饮酒史、肝脏纤维化分期及终点HBV DNA水平等因素是肝硬化发生的危险因素。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者的年龄、饮酒史、纤维化分期及终点HBV DNA水平等因素是发生肝硬化的独立危险因素,与肝硬化发生具有密切相关性。     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Application of Granular Biocomposites Based on Homogenised Peat for Absorption of Oil Products

Among the various methods for collecting oil spills and oil products, including from the water surface, one of the most effective is the use of sorbents. In this work, three-component bio-based composite granular adsorbents were produced and studied for oil products’ pollution collection. A bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber from used tyres, and part fly ash as cenospheres were used for absorbent production. The structure, surface morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, and sorption kinetics of the obtained samples were studied. Composite hydrophobicity and sorption capacity to oil products, such as diesel fuel (DF) and motor oil (MO), were determined. The obtained pellets are characterised by a sufficiently pronounced ability to absorb oil products such as DF. As the amount of CR in the granules increases, the diesel absorption capacity increases significantly. The case of 30-70-0 is almost three times higher than the granules from homogenised peat. The increase in q is due to two factors: the pronounced surface hydrophobicity of the samples (Θ = 152°) and a heterogeneous porous granule structure. The presence of the cenosphere in the biocomposite reduces its surface hydrophobicity while increasing the diesel absorption capacity. Relatively rapid realisation of the maximum saturation by the MO was noted. In common, the designed absorbent shows up to 0.7 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for MO and up to 1.55 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for diesel. A possible mechanism of DF absorption and the limiting stages of the process approximated for different kinetic models are discussed. The Weber–Morris diffusion model is used to primarily distinguish the limiting effect of the external and internal diffusion of the adsorbate on the absorption process.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治健康教育现状调查

目的 调查湖南省岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治知识、行为现状及健康教育需求情况,为制定科学有效的小学生血吸虫病健康教育方案提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取岳阳市城区洞庭湖湖畔学校和中心城区学校各2所,每所再从五、六年级分别抽取2个班的学生,通过调查问卷了解小学生血吸虫病相关知识、预防行为及健康教育需求,并进行统计分析。结果 共调查湖畔小学353人、中心城区小学363人,两组学校小学生年龄、性别、年级构成差异无统计学意义(t=-0.494,χ_性别²=1.615,χ_年级²=2.152;P均>0.05)。学生血吸虫病防治知识总知晓率为42.60%(305/716),其中,湖畔学校小学生血防知识知晓率(52.97%)高于中心城区(32.51%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=30.661,P<0.05);学生行为正确率为76.68%(549/716),血防知识知晓组行为正确率(81.31%)高于不知晓组(71.24%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6...     

欧洲儿童肝豆状核变性诊疗推荐意见简介

正肝豆状核变性(Wilson’s disease,WD)是常染色隐性遗传相关的铜代谢障碍性疾病,估计患病率为1:30000。该病是由于编码P型ATP酶的ATP7B基因突变,影响铜的分泌及排泄所致铜沉积。儿童肝豆状核变性的临床表现可以从无症状肝脏疾病到肝硬化或者肝衰竭,但是神经精神症状却非常少见。常规的检测方法包括血清铜蓝蛋白、24 h尿铜。最终的诊断需要基于症状、评估铜代谢的生化学检